US103206A - Improvement in filters tor cisterns - Google Patents

Description

` `-BMsicilianoentru, or VDANVILLE, ,KENTrio-Kv,

Letters Patent No. 103,206, dated. Mayv 17, li'O.

MPO-

i The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making' partei the same I, PATRICK LnUGuLiN, of Danville, inthe county 'd of Boyle and State of Kentucky, .have invented cer l tain Improvement-sin the Construction of Water-Filters for Cisterns, of which the following is a specilication.` i

1".lhe first part of my invention relatesto thedei vices-whichI employ for `purifying water when flowing froma roof oranyfelevated positionydown into a cistern or other receptacle, by' using the weight of the y `column of water descending through the pipe, on its y way to `theoistern, `to force the water, after it has nearly reached the bottom of the vfilter, to rise upd against theV force of i gravitythrough a series of beds lost purifiers, such Vas charcoal, sand, gravel, and broken rock, and thus have these beds of purifiers to. act upon i the. water,` not. only `chemicallybut mechanically, 'inasmuch as they arrest and hold back a part of the im-l i purities by mere mechanicalaction.

'lhefseoondl part. of `myim-'ention relates to the easy l and eectual removal oi'dsuch impurities as4 shall become lodged-iu and adhere inthe lbeds of materials themselves, `by openingadischarge-pipe situated near ,the bottom of thefiltelgand vconductinglr al stream 'of `water into the top of the-filter, so that it may flow down through the beds ofpnrifiers and cleanse them. The third part of myvinvention relates to the use of two lsiphons'in thc body of the filter, in vsuch a manner as to act automatically, and effect the discharge,

l of almostall the water left in `the `body ofthe water A at the timethe water fromabove ceases to ilow into it, so that it may not become blocked up with ice in freezing weather.

` The fourth part of my invention relates to the use l of `apeculiarly,constructed andarranged strainer in i the pipe, conducting the water into the filter in such a manner as to eii'ectually ex'clude leaves and other trash which might otherwise .aocompanythe water into the body of thellteigand choke it up, and render it inoperative. l l Inthedrawingsv-`` i l `Figure 1 representsv a side view of a cistern standing properly upright with my improvements embodied, While s l s ,y u y Figure 2'Kisaverticalsectional view oi' the samel in the same position. l, y,

Ais Vthey pipe leading'the water from above down into the chamljerd.I

f 1n the lower part ofthe bodyH of the filter e is the dow off that chambergandg g isv a porforatedplate sustainingthe purifiers C is the discharge-pipe, through which is passed iugmtlescrewon that pipe, to closed-besarme when fthe apparatus is `in `useg This pipe should be `inserted a little below the point atwhich the pipe A is inserted into .the body H, as shown-in the drawings. i

As-before intimated, the column of water in the` the strainer g g; thence up through a layer, D, of one of the aforesaid purifiers; thence up through the `strainer f f thence through another layer, E; thence through a thickness of sponge; and thence through a straineigl; and then it would fall into the -upper end'of the pipe lower enddischarging into the cisteru.

d is the cover of the cistern, and i h is the" handle ofthe strainer T, by which it can be removed.

Thus far the parts described are substantially the same with the 'whole' of those described in my `patent cause of the fact that, when the water ceases to flow into the pipe'A from above,

and, vin the event of Va freeze in the night-time, or at block of ice., and of course render the filter useless for a time. The two siphons' before mentioned prevent provedcan never freeze up.

ofa perforated plate or a piece of wirecloth in a glob-- ular or oval form on the end which is, outside of the `pipe G considerably lower, aud` iu the inside of that pipe.

the drawingsf p s i l i The other Siphon, T, is formed as shown inv the drawings, lthe shell of the body H, nearthe pipe C, to discharge outside the filter and cistern. Y

To operate them, the long cup M, with a small hole `in its bottom, suspended by the rod @from one end of the lever b, which has forits fulcrum the standard S,

vided, as shown inl iig'. 2.

The rod is attached to the lever b by a hinge-joint, so as to'work freely, and therod a is attached to the screw or otherwise, aweight, N, having apiece of cork of proper form fitted into its top.;V l,

Now, `when the water is flowing into the filter, and even until the 4'Siphon U has dischargedl so much of the water in the body Yof the filter that its surface falls below the lower end' of that Siphon U, the oupM is considerably heavier, hy reason of the quantity of pipe A, by its'weight, forces the water up through G, which is open atboth ends, the

of March 1, 1870.*` My filterl covered by that'pateut seems to he defective when usedrin cold climates, bel the water in the body of thetfilt-er remains even with the top of the pipe G,

any time, unless the cap c were removed andthe s, l .water allowedto run out, it would freeze into a solid such alcontingency, so that my cisterne as now im- The'siph'on U is provided with a strainer, madenp A and near the strainer g, while the other hangs d 4The Siphon has the forum and is hung 'as shown in and is made fast when it passesfthroughY which is made fastto the side of the pipe G, is proother end ofthe lever b in a similar manner, and toy the lower endfof the rod a' is attached, by means of a l" the latter discharges an water mit, than the weight, and it therefore draws thatweight, with itssmooth, soft, 'cork top up againstA the upper end of the siphon I, and thus eeetually closes it, so that it `cannot act. But, so soon as the siphon U ceases/.to dischargewater into the cup M, d empties itself through the hclej in its bottom. That hole should be graduated Ain size, so as not to discharge faster than the cup receives, while it does receive, but to empty it pretty soon after it ceases to receive'. Then, when the cup is relieved of its weight of water, the weightN becomes decidedly the heavier ofthe two, and falls away from the mouth of the siphon T, and it at once commences to discharge the remaining unfiltered water outside the cistern, until so little remains that its freez. ing would do no injury.

When about to cleanse the layers of purifying rnaterials in the manner before described, the cover d may be removed, and the top of the pipe G closed by any simple stopper, and a stream of water discharged upon the strainer I.

The funnel-sha)` strainer N, before mentioned, is so formed that its 'ver part slips down into-the upper end of the pipe A, while theperforated plate or sheet of wire-cloth'II, with a dip oiinclination downward on the side next the body H, is fastened in the body N, and, by reason of that dip of the sheet of wire-cloth, the left 'side of the funnel extends'a little above that sheet at i, and is flaredoutwardly to facilitate the throwing out such leaves and trash by the action of the falling water as' may corne down through thepipe conducting it. The dip of the sheet of wireclothl is to co-operate in doing the saine thing; but if there was no rim on the side at y, the water itself might glance off without passing down through the wire-cloth K.

By reason of this construction of the strainer' for the throwing out of the leaves and trash, more or less water is also liable to be thrown ont and wasted, and, in order to limit' suclr waste and the splashing out of the water as much as practicable, I solder or 'otherwise fasten upon the top of the funnel the extra rim "r, extending three-fourths or fourffifths around it, so

as to leave merel and trash. t

llhe'wide, llat ring Lstands, as shown in the drawings,'npon three legs, which are made fast on the inner side of the funnel. It may be constructed with y room for the discharge of theleaves any suitable form, width, and diameter, so as to receive the pipe or pipesr discharging water from one or more roofs at the same time.

This strainer will be found to be very useful, if not indispensable, where the buildings from the roof of whichwater is to be obtained and filtered is surrounded with shade trees. But it may be detached and not usedat all where there is n o necessity for its use, and `its place supplied by a plain joint o f pipe connecting with the pipe or pipes conducting the water from above.

scribed, iu combination with those improvements covered by my patent of March l, 1870, will be found cheap and simple in its construction, and easily repaired, when out of order, by unskilled mechanics, and the materials of whichv the different parts are made may be tin, iron, or any others that are suitable.

I will add to this description that, as the siphou U cannot filter -the water very thoroughly which passes through it intothe cup M, and thence into the cistern, its capacity should be as small as possible conis that, after the water has ceased to dow-from A into the chamber B, it shall discharge the water left in the purifiers above the strainer g g, and keep the cup M full, until the water sinks below its! reach. Its duty is then done for the occasion. Then, when the cup M empties itself', the weight N is allowed to fall away the dip in the floor e, is enabled to discharge nearly all of the unfiltered water left in the chamber B.

.Freedom of vertical motion is secured to the rod a by the tube O, which acts as a sleeve for it, and extends from the perforated plate I down to the plate What `I claim as new,.and desire to secure by Let- `ters Patent, is

1. The strainer,composed of the funnel N, the wirecloth sheet K,`-flared rim y, the extra rim r, and the ring L, with its legs c c c, constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purpose described.

2, The siphon- T, weight N, rod a', sleeve O, level' l) with its fulcrum S and rod a', cup M, in combination, when constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. The siphon U, in combination with siphon T, weightN, rod af, sleeve O, lever b with its fulcrum S, rod a, and cup M.

4. The pipe A, water-chamber, 13 pipe C with its cap c, perforated plates g g, f j, and 1, layers D hl F, and body H, in combination with siphon U, siphon T, weight N, rod a', sleeve O, lever-,bavith its fulcrum S, rod a, and cup M, when constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purposes described.`

` 'PATRICK LAUGHLIN.'

Witnesses:

- JOHN SHELLEY, W. R. ALFORD.

My filter, with the new improvements herein desistently withits effecting the object designed, which from the mouth of the siphon T, which, by reason ofA

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