US1031797A - Aeroplane. - Google Patents

Description

J. M. JANESON.

EEOPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 30, 1906.

Patented July 9, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WE/woe omvfys4 J. M. JANESONE.

AEROPLANB. APPLICATION FILED 00T. so, 1906.

Patented July 9, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

R 0 T M V N l BY w TOR/VEYS J. M. JANESONB.

AEROPLANE.

APPLIUATION FILED 00130, 1906.

Patented July 9, 1912.

a SHEETS-SHEET 3.

ATTORNEYS -JoHN M. JANEsoNE, or RICHMOND HILL, NEW YORK.

AEROPLANE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 9, 1912.

Application filed ctolier 30, 1906. Serial No. 341,250.

To all whom t may concern: 1

Be it known that I, JOH M. JANEsoNE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Richmond Hill, in the county of Queens and State of New York, with postoiice address 408 Welling street, have invented 'certain new and vuseful Improvements in Aeroplanes, of which the following is a specilication.

My invention relates to aerial propulsion apparatus -in which an aeroplane is employed for its sustaining effect and is combined with a propeller for giving a forward motion. j

The object of my 'invention is, among other things, to provide means whereby the apparatus may be started from the surface of the earth, and in any position where the ground or a prepared Way Will'permit suitable vehicle wheels to travel.

Another object is to combine with the aeroplane a propeller o f such character that it shall have an ascensional as well as a propulsive action, its ascensional action assisting that of the aeroplane as soon as the aeroplane has acquired sufficient forward movement.

Another object is to provide suitable means for directing the flight of the machine.

Briefly stated, my invention consists broadly of an aeroplane, a frame `or body-1 sustained thereby and suitable road wheel or wheels carried. by said frame` and an air propeller mounted on the road wheels, the object being Ato provide for sustaining the apparatus upon the surface of the earth and propelling the same forward by contact' with the earth assisted bythe ac ion of the air Vpropeller until the aeroplanteacquires the necessary ascensional powerl after which the apparatus rises taking with it the road wheels and the mot-ive appliances geared to said road wheels and air propeller.

My invention consists further in the combination of an aeroplane, a road Vwheel or wheels, a motor mounted on a frame sustainedfrom the aeroplane Vand an air propeller alsocarriedby said frame for giving an 4ascensional effect assisting the aeroplane land a propulsive effect in the air after'the road wheels leave contact with the earth.

' My invention consists also lin details of 'construction and combinations of parts as hereinafter more particularly 'described and claimed. Y j 4 Figure l is a side elevation of a form of apparatus embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical section through one of the road wheels and propellers'. Fig. 3 shows one of the vanes or paddles detached from t-he propeller Wheel. Fig. 4 is a section through the hub of a propeller wheel. Fig. 5 is an end view ofthe apparatus. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section through the 'frame or body of the vehicle. Fig. 7 is a cross section of the same on a line just forward of th motor. j

The frame of the aeroplane comprises the outside longitudinal ribs or bars l joined by the curved end bars 2 to the central longitudinal bar 3 made preferably of an angle piece of aluminium'. Stretched on said frame t0 form the wing surface are sheets 4 of any suitable material as for instance aluminium properly secured to the frame and constructed as above in the manner set forth. An intermediate curved frame 2 may be used to insure greater rigidity. The cross pieces 2, 2 are curved as shown to' produce a double concave aeroplane which, by its 4form or shape, will have greater stability against dipping sidewise, the body of the apparatus being sustained from the central rib 3 in any suitable manner.

The body or frame of the vehicle may be of any desired form and supported from the aeroplane by the depending arms 5 in either or both of which are interposed the turn buckles 6 or other means for varying the length ofthe arms and thereby varying the inclination of the aeroplanev to determine the angle of ascension. 1 v

7 is a, bodyor frame sustained from the arms orhangers 5. The body 7 may be of any suitable shape, although shown Aas of cigar shape and carries a suitable motor,

preferablyJa. gasolene engine of any form indicated at 8. The engine is sustained on a bed 9 fixed. in the body 7 or otherwise suitably mounted and within convenient reach ofthe operator whose seat is indicated at 10. Projecting from the frame or body 7 at opposite sides are the hollow axle shafts 11 through which extend the axle or axles 1l provided with the propulsion road wheels, the rims of which are indicated at l2. These propulsion wheels are adapted to travel upon any surface either prepared surface of an ordinary roadway or, 1f desired, upon tracks during the forward l movement in vacquiring ascensional fpower.

7 way, thus insuring a suitable f orward-movel prefer, however, to so construct them that they may travel upon any ordinary roadment of the apparatus upon said roadway until the conditions may warrant. the ascensional powers being brought intol play by proper adjustment of speed, angle of incli-4 nation of an aeroplane, ascensionalpower of the air propeller or other adjustments made inder v13 to-which are attached the-radially' extending rectangular` frames 14, the side armsof which afford ,means for'p'ivotally mounting ,the .transverse blades 15 of thev propeller. The axle 11, as willbe understood, is driven through suitable intervening mechanism of any desired character, not shown, from the motor 8 thus causing a revolution of thedrum of cylinder 1 3/With'the attached frames 14, said frames 14 carrying the rim 12, forming the rim of the road wheel. Fixed to the hollow shaft 11 is an eccentric 16.

17 is the eccentric strap or sleeve from4 which radiate arms 18. The latter" in turn impart movement through links 19 to rods 2O connected to arms or brackets 21 secured to the pivoted vanes 15. By this means the set of vanes 'or paddles in each frame 14 is caused to turn so that the faces of the Vanes' will-be presented at different angles to the body of air through which they are forced.

by the action of the motor 8. The effect is substantially a feathering effect, but the adjustment ofthe cam and of the mechanism is. such as to produce a feathering effect suitable for permitting the paddle wheel to exert a lifting and a forward propulsiva effect as ,will be readily understood 'from inspection of 'F ig. 2 in which the direction of revolution of thewheel is indicated by the arrow'.

As will be seen, during their downward movement. on the forward side of the wheel, the vanes are in aposition to exert a lifting effect and as they pass around toward and slightly past thevertical line through the center of revolution of the wheel they act with a propulsive effect, but during `their upward and forward movement they are tur ed so as to move edgewise through thev air and present but small surfaces for action. This feathering operation may obviously be secured" byy other mechanisms, although the form of mechanism described is, as will be seen, of great simplicity.

Inaddition to the appliances already described, a suitable trailing-or'steeringwheel 22lis provided which is adapted' to travel en any supporting surface until ascensional power isacquired. Said'trailing wheel also may form a third wheel adapted to properly support the apparatus and prevent it from turning The trailer wheel 22 is fastened to the stern post orsteering post 23 suitably mounted in a framework and having ay proper steering wheel 24 in reach of the operator. A

steering vane 25 'is also provided. This.

vane has .bot-h horizontal and vertical surfaces as indicated and is mounted on a stem 26 carried by a ost 27. The lat-ter is adapt! ed to turn in a orizontalplane to vary the presentation .of theye'rtical surfaces of the on the axis ofthe mainl shaft 11.

vane to the atmosphere thereby permitting the apparatus to'be steered horizontally.

The stem 2 6 for the vane is properly mounted lon the post so thatit may be turnedn a vertical plane thereby varying the 'presen tation of the'hori'zontal surfaces ofthe vane and permitting thel apparatus to be steered vertically.l v

To assist in directing the apparatus, the axle or shaft 11 may. be madein' two parts 'connected' independently of one another with the motor throughl suitable clutches and reversing gears whereby onewheel may -bepropelled alone or their .directions of revloc elution maybe reversed with reference to one another, by suitably operating the handles 28 of such clutch and reversing gear to permit the engine shaftto run freeof one shaft 11 or -t-he other as desired or to reverse the movement of one or the other shaft as desired.

v The eneral operation of the apparatus would be briefly as follows: Placed upon 4any roadway or in any position in which the wheels 12 may be sustained upon vthe surface of the earth -a forward movement is given by the engine' 8 operating through the propeller wheels as' inany self-propelled road vehicle. This forward movement, Whenthe air propeller is combined with said wheels, in the manner described, is assisted in a measure by4 the. vanes .of the paddle wheel which also act to give ascensional force assisting the ascensional effect of .the aeroplane. The vvehicle then moves forward, beingl partially sustainedby the ascensional effects exerted `on the air and partly by the road wheels 12,=the proportion ofthe weight sustained by thelatter grad. ually decreasin in the a ir until finally. the apparatus will rise free of the ground, carrying with it the whele'propulsive apparatus employed either upon the surface of theearth or in 'the` air.

0 with the ascensional-efi'ects forward through the air. By adjustmentofthe lifting effect, as, for instance, by varying the inclination of t-he aeroplane, the apparatus may be caused to move over the sur- .face of the earth with the wheels 12 just clear thereof or,by suitable increase of speed, the apparatus may be caused to move at higher levels. When 4it sinks to the surface .to bring the wheels 12 in engagement then the propulsion takes place through fric-- tional-engagement of the rims with the surface and the apparatus can thereby acquire a positiveforward motion again at a sufficient rate to cause-it to ascend and clear the ground again. The oflioe of the steering wheel or lever 24 has already beeny described.- The vane 25 obviously is called into play when'the apparatus is in flight and may, if desired, be adjusted to cause it to lift just enough to clear the groundorto bringit back tothe surface in order to acquire additional forward propulsive effort. The initiall ascensional power ofthe aeroplane can be determined by adjusting /the turn buckles 6 or other devices in order to .produce ascension or to vary the .angle of ascension. r

What I' claim as my invention is:

l. The combination, substantially as described, of an aeroplane, a frame or body sustained therefrom, a vehicle wheel supporting the frame or body L,and aeroplane,`

a driving motor connected to said wheel, and an air propeller having a series of vanes mounted in suitable axes carried by said wheel and adapted to act on the air in the manner described onl their downward and rearward' movement to tend to raise the machine as well as to assist the wheel and mounted so as to be entirely within the periphery of the wheel which rests upon the ground in propelling the machine forward, and means for feathering said vanes whereby after the machine rises from the ground the vanes will operate on the air to drive the machine forward as well as to assistl the aeroplane in sustaining the machine-during such forward movement.

2. The combination of an aeroplane, a frame or'body sustained therefrom, a vehicle wheel or wheels supporting the frame, and an air propeller and lifting device comprising paddles carried by said wheel or wheels, said paddlesbeing mounted entirely within the supporting rlm of said wheels and turning on axesparallel to the axis of rotation of said wheels, said paddles being provided with feathering devices adapted to feather the paddles so as. to cause them' to act` on the air on their downward and rearward movement so as to drive the aeroplane forward and to also produce .a lifting effect directly and independently of the aeroplanev Ibut which will supplement that of the aero' pla-ne dueto its own forward movement and a motor geared to said vehicle wheel,

as and for the purpose described.

3. vThe combination of an aeroplane, a frame -or vbody sustained thereby, a motor carried by the frame, a paddle wheel air propeller mounted. on an axle extending .transversely from said frame' or body and having its paddles arranged to turn on axes parallel to the axis of rotation ofthe pro` peller and mountedv within the body Vof the paddle wheel to support the paddles entirelyv within the rim, an eccentric drum or cylinder carried by a hollow shaft projecting from the frame or bod and having said axle extending through 1t, and an 4eccentric stra-p having radiating arms connected to thev paddles.

- 4. The combination 'of an aeroplane, a frame sustained thereby; an qeccentricdrum or cylinder mounted on a hollow 4shaft extendingfrom the frame, a drum or cylinder fixed to an axle extending horizontally from said frame and through said eccentric drum,

paddle supporting frames extending radi ally from theaxle supported drum or cylinder and provided with paddles adapted to turn on axes parallel'to the revolutionof said drum, and an eccentric strap connected to said paddles through arms radiating therefrom and links Ajoined to arms secured to the vanes or paddles. A

` 5. The combination of` an aeroplane, a

'frame or body sustained therefrom,- hollow shafts extending transversely from the frame, driving axles extending through said` hollow shafts and provided with drums or cylinders mounted on the outer ends thereof, a series of radially projecting frames forming the body or framework of a road wheel and having a rim adapted to 'travel onI a roadway, paddles mounted in said frames and pivoted on axes parallel to the axis of the wheel and an eccentric mounted on the hollow ,shaft and having an eccentric v strap connected tothe vanes or paddles as described so as to produce al lifting and propulsive effect, thereby, in addition to the forward and ascensinal effect, produc- 'I ing rotation 0f the road wheel onthe surface of the earth and an accompanying for-y ward vmotion of the aeroplane.

. 6. The combination of an aeroplane, road wheels, an air propeller embodied in said wheels and located entirely within the supporting rim of said wheels and a motor geared to said 'road wheels wherebyl the v power of the Inotorapplied to thewhveels may be expended in a lifting'effect pro- 4: 1 msi-,797

duced in the aeroplane during the movement drivethe plane forward after a velocity has forward by the adhesion of the road wheels been attained by, adhesion suicient t'o cause combined with the -propulsion effect' ofthe theplane to lift the wheels from 'the ground. air propellers mounted insaid wheels. Signed at New York in the county of 15 5 7. The combination with` an aeroplane --New York and State of New York this 29th .and1 supporting bwhlels therefor provided Aday of October A. D. 1906.l

witi rims w ere yt ey may trave upon aL v l roadway,' of mea-ns for driving said wheels f JOHN JANESONE to force the plane forward by adhesion of Witnesses:

10 said-supporting whee1s,and an air propeller C. F.. TISGHNER, Jr., embodied in said wheels forcontinuing to j lLILLIAN BLOND.

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