US1031060A - Passenger-car. - Google Patents

Description

L. T. GIBBS.

PASSENGER CAR.

APPLIGATION FILED SEPT. 29, 1905.

Patente July 2, 1912.

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Patented July 2, 19l2.

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PASSENGER GAR. APPLIUATION FILED SEPT. 29, 1905.

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PASSENGER OAR.

APPLIUATION FILED sBP 29, 1905.

Patented July 2,.,1912.

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L. T. GIBBS. PASSENGER CAE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 29, 1905.

Patented July 2, 1912.

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APPLIGATION FILED SEPT. 2s, 1905.

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LUCIUST. GIBBS, OF HEMPSTEAD,'1\TEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN CAR & FOUNDRY COMPANY, ,OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

PASSENGER-CAR.

ansioso.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September v29, 1905. Serial No. 280,584.

y To all 'whom-Zt concern:

-Be -it known that I, LUcrUs T. Gines, a

citizen of the United States, residing at accompanying and forming part of the saine.

. gitudinal sect-ion of a portion of`the car. Fig. 3 is a planV view of t e floor frame at' My invention relates to steel-frame passenger cars, 'and hasv for its ychief object to providereconstruction which is simple yet utilizing the elements thereof to such advantage as to give greater strength and rigidity without undue weight.

A further object is to provide a construction in which common commercial shapes may be employed for the most part at least, thereby avpiding the greater cost incident to the use'fof specially rolled shapes. l

To these and other ends the invention consists inf the novel features of construction,

arrangements of parts, and `combinations of elements hereinafter described and more fully set forth`in the'claims. i

In the annexed drawings I have shown the preferred embodiment of the invention. Figure 1 is a vertical transverse section, showing the construction. of the car frame, and other features; Fig. 2 is a vertical lonone end of the car, .but s owing the side :truss in horizontal section. Fig. 4 .is a detail sectional view showing a modification of the side truss, also a portion of the Hoor.

Fig. 5 is 'a detailiperspective view showing theinethod of connecting 'the` side truss, the transverse floor beams,v and the diagonal braces'or compression members. Fig. 6 is a detail perspective view showingthe method of connecting the roof posts and roof carlines. Fig. 7 is a detail sectional view showing theconstruction of the upper deck: 4Tig.

Fig. 9 isla detail horizontal section at. one corner, ofvthecar, showing the side Window construction. l X.-, `-`X., Fig. l. Fig. 11 is a horizontal section, at one corner of the car, taken above the1 window sills, .showingtl'ie construction and arrangement of the vestibule. Fig. l2 is a .verticallongitudinal section of the saine end lof thecar. y i

Heretofore' car bodies have been designed outside Fig. Y 10 Vis a section-0n vline,

having a plate girder arranged to constitute a part of the outside sheathing or finish ofy car a crude and unfinished appearance, when the rivet heads are left in full, and when therivet Heads are couiiter-sunk there is a tendency on the part of the varnish to pull away from the counter-sunk rivet heads thus showing each rivet head almost as plainly as though it were left in full, and furthermore the i-`countersinking of rivet heads greatly diminish their holding eect. 'A still further ohjection to using a'girder plate for the 'nish of acar is that when a supporting girder plate of this character is riveted upkthe varnished'side usually has a .wavy appearance thus detracting from its looks.

The construction which is more fully heieinafter described, is designed to overcome all of the objections of t-lie outside girder and at the same time to preserve the body posts uncut and furnish a continuous girder. The body posts in the construction hereinafter specified, extend uncut and continuous from the floor to the roof structure, thus serving to stiifen the lgirder plate against buckling, aiidare arranged to carryy at their outer sides a finished sheathing. In this type' of construction the gil-ders are protected by the body posts andthe sheathing, and if the side of the 'cai' he accidentally injured, any desired: portion of the sheathing may be easily and quickly renewed by replacing only that particular part which was injured, thus entirely restoring the general appearance of the car. lf the girder which is on the inside should be buckled, dented or injured i-n any Patented July 2, 1912.

manner that requires straightening, any infor the reason that the girder is on the inside of the cai' where its continuous length cannotbe easily observed and where it becomes very easy to cover up the marredor bent portion. i

The principal elements of my car are the side Agirders or trusses, one of which is shown in transverse section'in Fig. l.`

v A is a plate girder extending from one end of the car to the other, preferably in the form of a single-plate, but it may be composed of several pieces arranged end to `en`d inthe usual manner. At the lower -edge is a tension member a in the form of a nar-n row plate, and at the upper edge is an angle iron a constituting a compression member. The flange a of, the angle iron,

projecting from vthe plate girder, Aforms a shelf Von which rests the inner window-sill plate, as hereinafter described; The plate A may constitute the innersheathing of the car below the windows. On the outside of the plate A are secured the roof posts B, and the short or, cripple posts b, Figs.

` 2 and 3. Each of these posts is a channel iron with lateral outwardly turned flanges abutting against and riveted to the plate A, as clearly shown in the figures just mentioned. The roof posts are spaced far enoughA apart to leave the desired spaces between them for the windows, and the cripmidwayv of the roof" ple posts are located posts, below the windows. On the other faces of the posts is riveted the outer plate -A, preferably of thinner material than the inner late A, and forming the outer sheathing o Vthe ear. At vthe upper edge ofthe `outer plate is anl angleiron a3 having its Bflange a4 turned outward to provide 'a support for the outer window-sill plate, as hereinafter described, and also to furnish a belt-rail below the windows. A side frame thus constructed possesses great rigidity and strength, being practically a box girder, and is also'e-xtremely vlight in proportion to its strength. It will be noted that the bottom of the truss is open, thus makingevery part of its interior accessible `for paintingv either-by means of a spray or. a long-handled brush. Another form of lside truss is shown the detail sectional view, Fig.' 4. In this case lower-member consists of a c'hannel iron a5', the flanges ofwhich extend upwardly between and are riveted to the inner and A3,'respectively.

at top, bottom, and center, as shown, to produce greater stiffness. In respectt'o its other featuresthe .truss shown in Fig. '3 is similar to that first described. V

Extending across the car'from post to post are the floor beams C, Figs. l-to 5 inclusive. These beams are preferably laterally flanged channel irons of the same cross-sectional size as the side posts, and are arranged with the flanges uppermost, as shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 5. For the purpose of securing the "floor or cross beams to the lower chord `of the side trusses the laterally extending flanges ofthe saidvbeams are cut away for a short distance at each end ofthe same and y the vertical webs are bentaoutwardly to form ears, as c, Fig. 5. In the construction shown in Fig. 1, in which the side posts extend down to the lower edge of the. tension mem-- ber a., the rivets extend through the material flanges of theposts', as will be seen in Figs. 3 and 9, thus connecting the longitudinal members, the vertical members, and the -transverse 'members together at common points, producing anextremely strong and rigid frame. In -the side truss shown in Fig. 4, in .which the side posts do not extend into the channel iron a5 the cross/beams are of course not riveted directly to the side posts, but only to the inner plate A and the adjacent flange of the lower chord a5.

At suitable intervals diagonal or compressionmembers D tare provided. These are channel irons,-arf7fxnged with their parallel webs or flanges/.extending downwardly, and

'are of a size to fit into the-space between;

the webs of the cross beams, to which they areriveted, as shown in Fig. 5.- The webs or flanges of thecompression-members are cut away yat an angle to perfit the lower ends of the members to extend close to or 'in Acontact with the lbottoms of the 'floor beams. At the upper -ends ofdiagonale their websare bentoutwardly to form the ears o?, which are secured by rivets `to t-he inner plate A and the lateral flanges' of the contiguous sidepost's B or This arrangement ofthe var-ions elements, and their l connection at common points, produce a frame which is extremely strong and rigid and consequently possessing great resistance' to distortion. 1

Longitudinalmembers may be employed in the floor frame if desired, as'the channel irons C', Figs. 2, 3 and 12, Varranged;with

vtheir webs vertical, and supported byfrivets extending through the bottoms of the cross beams and by hangerso riveted to the ver-- tical webs of the`cross beams. It has been found, however, that the longitudinal corrugations of the floor sheet, hereinafter described, provides -all the longitudinal stiffness needed in the floor, and I therefore prefer to omit the longitudinal members C.

Instead of using channel' irons like C to form the cross beams, vthey 'may consist of channel irons without lateral flanges,'as C, Fig. 2, arrangedV back to back but spaced ,l apart a short distance. They may be secured to the side trusses by means of angle' brackets, as 0".

l On to of the cross-beams, riveted `to the outwar y extending flanges thereof, is a longitudinally Y corrugated sheet, y'of metal. C3, the rooves of whichinay be filled with a suit-abe colnpositiongfor the purpose of insulating the interior of the car from heat, sound, and electricity. On the corrugated l sheet maybe laid a wood flooring C4, se-

cured thereto by small bolts as shown in Fig. 4c, at 03, the bolts extending also through the flanges of the floor beams wherever possible. As just explained, the corrugation oi" the floorv sheet'provides the necessary stillness longitudinally for the floor, and hence, in general, no longitudinal members are needed in the loor'frame.

The roof frame is composed of one-piece carl-ines, bent to the proper shape to form the usual upper deck, as `shown at E, Figs. l, 6 and 7 Each carline consists of a laterally flanged channel iron of' the same kind as theside posts B, but slightly wider between the webs, so that the latter webs can straddlel the ends of the posts as clearly shown in Fig. 6, the' bottom of the carline iron being cut out to permit such connection. The legs e thus -formed on the carlines are riveted to the side webs 'of the posts B. The joint thus formed is simple,

yet extremely strong. I preferalso to cut away the lateral Hanges at the 'ends of the carlines, as shown in Fig. 6, so thatthe letter board e can lie-flush with the' remaining portions of the said lateral flanges. At such points as are readily accessible the strips constituting the main roof-sheathing E are Lbolted directly to the carline flanges, as at e Fig. Y', but at the lower edges of the roof, which are rendered somewhat less accessible bythe proximity of the ends of the roof posts, wood fillers e3, Fig.' 6, areused, of proper size and 'shape to fit the space between the vertical webs of the` carlines. At these points the roof strips are nailed 'or screwed to the fillers. To produce the desired overhang on the upper decl;` t-he carlines4 carry extension pieces', of wood, indicated by e4, Figs. l and 7, at the .points at which thecarlines are bent downward. ,'lo these extension pieces roof strips are screwed or nailed, as for exampleat Fig. 7. Immediately above the letter board the roof may be provided with a protective sheathing, as e5, of metal or other suitable material, and lthe same may of course extend over the entire roof if desired, but it is not necessary to illustrate so simple-and obvious a modification. The interior sheathing may be formed by asheet of metal or other material, evsecured to the underside of'thev car lines on the upper deck, and by a sheathing e7 extending from the upper deck .below the ventilator windows to a point above the side windows, on the roof posts. Finishing strips es, e9, 61, may be provided to co'ver the edges of the inner roof sheathings.

'lhe upper deck or ventilator windows, l are located between the carlines, and to provide suitable forms therefor, wood fillers j' are employed, secured in the angles of the Aside, posts.

carlines, as shown in Fig. 10, the upper and in Figs. 1 andc. ln the form shown, the .sashes are intended toswing outwardly upon pivots at the top of the frame, and the lower member istherefore provided with a stop f3 to limit the inward swing of the sashes. The sashes themselves may be made of sheet metal, as shown.

A considerable advantage flows from the roof construction described, in the fact that the entire roof may, if desired, be built separately from the car `body and then dropped down upon the body. The carlines telescope over the roof posts and are then riveted thereto and also to the letter board. The body and roof may thus be built simultaneously, thus effecting a very desirable economy of time in the construction of the complete car, as will b'e readily understood.

The side windows Gr are located between the `rooi:l posts B, and above the cripple posts Z). The upper members of the frames consist of horizontal wooden strips g, Fig. l, secured to the roof posts in any suitable way. The side stops g', Fifr. 9, are preferably of pressed metal, secured directly to the sides of the roof posts. AThe-outer window sills, see Figs. 1,;3 and 9, are formed by a plate g, preferably extending the length of the car,-v or in shorter sections, as' desired. At the proper points openings or deepnotches are cut in-its inner edge to receive the roof posts, and the inner edge itself is turned up to form allange g3. The' inner sillsare formed by a similar plate, g, with its edge turned down to form the flange g5 which engages the corresponding llange on the other, as shown in Fig. 4. In the constructionr shown in Fig. l the lower sash rests on the outer sill plate, while in .the construction shown in Fig. 3 the lower sash is intended to drop into the space between the inner and ou-ter truss plate A.'and A, the crippleiposts in thatv case being ofcourse omitted, and the outer sill plate slotted, as at g, to permit ythe sash topass through the same. Guides for the sash may also" be provided for the sash, as for example platesg7 secured in any convenient manner to the either: plan maybe used with either side truss, the necessary vmodifications being made as above indicated. The upper sash is preferably stationary as appears in Fig.y 1, and abuts against the upper lframe member g, resting in a rabbet formed therein. The outer and inner sills are riveted to the angle iron flanges a, a4, respectively, as shown in Figs. land 9. In order to admit the window sashes the lateral flanges `of the roof'posts are cut away for the desired dis- It is of course evident that ing from the floor, one of which is shown at I, Fig. 9. To .form stops for the doors,

blocks, as i, are secured to the door posts,` and may be covered with sheathing i. Thekend -windows are framed between' the end roof posts and the door posts, as seen in Figs. 9 and l1. The channel iron I', 'arranged against the side wall of the car, carries one set of stops, i, while theother set 3, is secured to the door post I. The'sills for the end windows may be constructed in the same manner as those orthe side win dows, or single Hat plates may be used, as z", Fig. 9. Below each endi-window is a plate i, forming a continuation of the ',inner. sheathing A, and a sunilar' plate, not shown,

may be provided'for'the outer side.

The end platforms are Aprovided for by extending the 'longitudinal .floorv members C', C, as shown in Fig. 3, where such members are used, or. cantaliver-beams may be employed instead, as will be readily understood. The middle members are longer than the outer ones to Vaccommodate a curved `end member J, at the apex offwhich is secured a buffer j. The steps J', arelin each case supported between the end of the Iside walls and the adjacent end of the end member J, as clearlyv shown in Figs. 3 and y12. From the ends of the steps 'to the points where the longitudinal members cross the -end Vcross beams C ,extenddiagonal braces, as j', and if desired a plate j may be provided across the middle members C', C to which a draw f bar maybe connected,.in which; casea support, as ja, for the draw bar, may be provided at the end of the platform, secured to the same longitudinal' members.

The preferred vestibule construction is shown in Figs. 1'1 and 12. Y At the center of the end member J is a hollow post K,and

- vmidway between it and the lposts K at the -steps are similar posts K. Extending in` wardly from' the center postY K is a flanged -metal plate lc. The inner ange is secured to a vertical channel ironld, constituting a door post., an angle iron 'c" being secured to both members to strengthen the joint. v Rivet'edto the plate are metal parts 7c3, extending over the'edges of -the channel iron lc and forming sto s for doors' K3 and 1K4. The other'posts or these doors are formed by channel irons, one of which is shown at Kthe space between the flanges vthereof vceiling lo may be supported by suitable car-v being covered bya metal plate c, extendv ing over the side of the vpost and forming a stop 735. .Between theposts K5 and K are plates k6, only one of which is shownin Fig.

11. `:Between the posts K, K', K. are the M These Vare located asA far out asthe posts will' permit, the upper vestibule windows.

sashes k6 being flushlwith the outer facesof v the posts, to make the end ofthe car as smooth as possible, thereby reducing the resistance offered by the air. Y

The arrangement above described secures an economical vutilization of the platform space. One 'of thecompartments thus formed may be used as a toilet room and the other as a motormans or engineers cage. It is obvious that theother vestibule may vbe similarly divided or may be used as asingle room fory baggage.

The transverse passage of the vestibule is provided with end doors, one of which is shown at K, Fig.l 11, and when the door is closed the space occupied by the steps may way.`

VThe roof of vthevestibulev is formed by Vcontinuing the outer roof sheathing down to the upper ends of the vestibleposts, K, K,

K, as shown in Fig.,12, and the two vestibule compartments, areceiled by a plate las which maybe formed by continuing the sheathings k". The .upper kmembers of the end doors are formed by transverse channel irons, one of which is vshown at I", Fig. 12, secured tothe upper ends of the `door posts I, and above these upper members are plates 5 riveted at their upper edges to plates z' which extend to the car roof and are secured to the end car lines. Extending from the joint between the outeri plates 5 and i over to the ceiling Ic8 of the vestibule coinpartments isa ceiling k for the vestibule passage. The roof of thevestibule and-'the .lines 101.

What I claim is: p

l. In-a railway-passenger car frame, the

with their side webs extending upwardly,- and secured tothe bottoms of the side trusses; and .diagonal braces consisting of channel irons arranged with their side webs extending downwardly, the upper ends of the side websbeing bent at rightangles thereto to form ears'forxconnection with the side trusses and the lower ends of the diagy onal members extending between and secured to the side webs of the cross beams, as

set forth.

ing a longitudinal plate girder having upv per and lower chords, verticaly posts secured to the plate ,girder on its outer side, and an outer plate secured to the vertical posts; of cross beams for Ithe floor of the car, consisting of channel irons having the ends of their side webs bent at. an angle thereto and secured to the bottoms. of the side trusses, as set forth.

5. In a railway passenger car frame, the combination withside trusses, each comprising a longitudinal plate girder, having up,-

per and lower chords, vertical posts consisting of laterally flanged channel irons having their flanges secured to the plate girder, and an outer platesecured to the verticalposts; of cross beams for the fioor'ofthe. car, consist-ing of channel irons having the ends of their side webs bent. at an angle thereto for connection with the side trusses, the saidv cross Vbeams being located at the' points where the vertical posts are secured tothe plate irderv and the bent ends of the side webs n eing secured by' rivets extending through the .lateral flanges of the vertical posts; as setforth.. Y v 1 6. In a railway passe/nger. car frame, the combination with side trusses, each comprising a longitudinal plate girder having'V upper and lower chords, vertical posts consisting of laterally flanged channelirons, secured by their flanges lto the outer side of the plate girder, and anouter plate secured to the vert-ical posts, of cross beams for the fioor of the car, consisting of {channel irons having the ends of their sidel webs bent at an anglepthereto for connection with the side trusses, said cross beams being located at the points where the vertical posts are secured tothe plate girders and the bent ends of the side websthereof being secured by rivets extending through the lateral flanges ofthe vertical posts; and diagonal members consisting of channel lirons, having the upper ends of ltheir side Webs bent at an angle thereto and secured to the plate girder by rivets extending throughthe lateral ianges of the vertical posts, said diagonal members being secured at their lower ends'to the side webs of the cross beams; as set forth.

7. In a railway passenger car, the combination with side trusses; ofcross beams for the floor of the car, secured to the bott-oms of the side trusses, consisting of laterally flanged channel irons arranged with their lateral 'flanges upward; a corrugated metal sheet supported by the said flanges; and a floor tread on the corrugated sheet` as set forth. 1

8. In a railway passenger car, the combination with side trusses; of cross beams for` the Hoor of the car, secured to the bottoms of the side trusses, consisting of laterally ianged channel irons, arranged with their lateral flanges upward; a metal sheet, .hav-- ing corrugations extending longitudinally thereof; supported by the said -ilanges; and a "floor tread on the said corrugated sheet.; as set'forth.

9. In a railway passengercar, the combination with side trusses; of cross beams for the Hoor of the car, secured to the bottoms of the side trusses, consisting of laterally tlangedchannel irons arranged with their lateral flanges upward; .diagonal members secured to the side trusses and extending between and secured to the side webs of the cross beams; and a corrugated metal sheetsupported by the lateral iianges ofl the cross beams; as set forth. t

10. In a railway passenger car, aside wall-frame comprising, in combination, av

longitudinal plate girder, roof `po'sts con sisting of laterally flanged channel lrons` havingtheir ianges secured tothe plate girder on the outer side ofthe same, and

an outer plate secured to theouter faces of the roof posts, as set forth.

11. In a railway passenger car, a s1de wall frame comprising, in combination, a longitudinal plate girder having upper and lower chords, the upper chord `having an inwardlyfextending flange, vertical posts 'for the roof of the car, consisting of lat erally flanged channel irons, the said flanges being secured on'the outer side ofthe plate girder, and anouter plate secured to the .outer faces of the roof posts and having an upper chord with an outwardly extending flangaas set forth.

12. lIn a side wall construction for railway passenger cars, the combination with a longitudinal plate girder having an upper chord with an inwardly extending flange, roof posts secured to the outer side of the.' plate girder, and an outer plate secured to the outer faces of the'posts and having an upper chord with an outwardly extending flange; of an outer sill plate secured to the said outwardly extending flange and eX-k tending-between.the roof posts, with an up` wardly-extending fiange at its inner edge; and an inner 'sill plate secured to the said inwardly extending iiang'e` said inner Sill plate extending outwardly between the roof posts and having a downwardly turned iiange on its cdgeengaglng the Aupwardly turned liange on the outer slll plate; as set forth.

13. In a railway passenger car, the combination with a roof post, of a roof carline secured thereto at-the upperend thereof, consisting of a laterally iiangedchannel iron, having its side \vehs extended to fit over the upper ends of the roof posts, asset beneath the windows onthe inside of the body posts having a continuous vinturned flange portion at its upper edge.

16. In passenger carVV construction', the

combination with" a plurality of continuous vertical body posts, of a continuous girder` beneath'the windows `on theinside of the ,body posts having la continuous .inturned fia-nge portion at itsupper edge and sheathing on the outsideof'the body posts. 1

v 17. In passenger car construction, the` comblnation of a." glrder plate having a coIi.

tinuous inturned reinforcing portion at its t 'iipper edge and located beneath the car win dows,fcontinuous body posts secured along the outer side of the'girder, and extended tothe upper portion of the side of the car land sheathing. secured outside the body posts. v

Y 18. The

construction, of a side girder extending the length4 of the car beneath the windows therecombination in passenger car of and comprising a plate with a flange at its lower edge and, a' continuous mturned lflange .at itsupper edge, vertical body posts l rigidly secured to the outer yface ofthe girder at intervals, and sheathing outside the body posts.

' combination .with

19. In passenger car construction, thel combination with a continuous flanged vgirder located beneath 'the car windows, the

upper flange of' whichprojects toward the center of the carand is continuous, `of a plurality of .continuous vertical body posts spaced along. the outer side'of the girder and secured rigidly thereto at their lower ends andY sheathing out-side the body posts.

20. In passenger car construction, the a continuous flanged girder located beneath the carwindows, the upper flange of which projects toward the center of .the car andI iscontinuous, of a plurality of continuous vertical body posts yextending from 'the lower side of the girder to theV upper portion of the side of the car and rigidly secured to the outer side of such girder and sheathing outside the body posts. 21. A passenger car wall comprising in posts extending from the lower-side of the wall to the upper 'side thereof, a girder plate extending thelength of the car beneath the IWindows and rigidlyl secured tothe inner sides of the lower portions of the body posts, a continuous flange member secured along the upper inner edge of the girder plate, and,

sheathing outside the body post`s2 22'. In a car construction, the combination with a. plurality 'of vertical body posts, of a continuous double plate girderL comprising and outer sides of said posts, said lgirder comprlsmg compression flanges `and wmdow sill platesI connected with said flanges said sill plates being notched to receive said posts. 23. with a plurality. of vert-ical body posts, of'a continuous girder beneath the windows-on the inside of the body post s, said girder having a' continuous compression member In acarconstruct-ion, the combination combination, "a plurality of continuous bodyr supportingV plates respectively pnthe inner nd a cross bearer provided with continuous anges extending entirely across the car.

24. n a passenger car construction, the combin. ion/with a plurality of body posts, of continuous girders beneath the windows on the inside of the body posts' at opposite sidesiof the car, tensionfmembers and com'- pression members forming parts of said girders and continuous cross bearers extending entirely across said car and connected with said girders.

In a passenger car construct-ion, the' i combination with a plurality of body posts,

of continuous griders Ybeneath the Windows on the inside of the body postsY atopposite sides ofthe car, tension members and compression members forming parts of saidl girders and continuous cross bearers having upper flanges extending entirely across said car andconnected withsaid girders..

26. In a passenger car construction, the combination with a plurality of bodyposts, of continuous girders beneath the windows on the' inside of the body posts at opposite sides ofthe car, tension members and compressionfmembersfforming parts ofl said girders and cross bearers having a continuous member forming a portionthereof extending entirely across the car and being onnected with said girders.

27..-In a car construction, the combination with a plurality of body posts and doubleV plate girders comprising web vplates and compression members at the upper edges of said webs notched for said 4bodyg posts sub.-

stantinllv as described. said members-being carried by saidV web plates.

28, In passenger car construction, thetv combination with a plurality of continuous vertical body posts, of a continuous girder beneath the windows on theinside of the body posts having a continuous inturned flange portion at its upper edge and uninterrupted cross bearers extending entirely across the car and connected with said girder.

'29. In a passenger car construction, the

combination With a plurality of continuous vertical body posts, of a continuousgirder beneath the windows on the inside of the body posts having a continuous inturned flange portion at its upper edge in com-bination with cross girders having continuous upper flanges and a corrugated floor sheet supported by said cross girders.

30. In a passenger car construction, the combination comprising continuous body posts, inner plate girders connected therewith, said plate girders having compression members and tension members, an outer sheathing connected with said posts, and notched window sills.

31. In a passenger car construction, the combination comprising body posts, cross bearers, aninner plate girder connected to each end .ot said `cross bearers, notched members forming Window sills riveted to said innerplate girders and an outer sheatlr ing secured to said body posts.

32.` In .a passenger car construction, the combination comprising body posts, inner plate gli-ders connected with said body posts,- said girders comprising web plates with connected compression members and tension members, cross bearers connected with said tension -members and an outer sheathing connected with said body posts.

33. In a; passenger car construction, the combination comprising body posts, inner plate girders connected with said bodyv posts, said girders comprising web plates with connected 'compression members .and tension members, cross bearers connected with said body posts and an outer sheathing connected With saidv body posts.

'34. Inl a railway car, a side supporting member comprising parallel connected plate girders each of which is composed of a sup porting web plate, with a flanged member ,along its upper portion, means for connecting said flanges, a st-iifening member connected with the lower portion of lthe outer plate and body.l posts'extending upwardly from said stiff'ening member between said parallel girders. 4 p l 35. In a railway car, aside supporting member comprising parallel connected plate girders each of which is composed of a slipporting web plate, with ,a flanged member along its upper portion, meansfo-r connecting said Bauges, a stiffeningmember lconnected with the lower portion of the outer plate and body posts extending upwardly from said stiffening member between said i parallel gi'rders, said posts being connected positively with said outer pla-te.

36. In a railway car, a side supporting member compr1s1ng parallel plate gn'ders each of which' co-mprisesa web plate, a top flange and a bottom flanged member, and body posts`extending upwardly between Said web plates and connected positively with one of said plates.

In passenger car construction, the comb1nat1on of a plurality of continuous vert-ical body posts, andl of a continuous girder having a continuous upper ange beneath the windows on the inside of said body Peste 38. In passenger car construction, the combination of a plurality of continuous lvert-ical body posts, of a continuous girder having a continuous upper flange beneath the windows on the inside `of said bod posts, and sheathing on the outside of the body posts.

39. In passenger car construct-ion, the combination of a plurality of vertical body posts, said body posts being formed of later-l ally flanged channel irons arranged wit-h their flanges inward, continuous plate girders secured to the inner Hanges of said posts and" continuous carlines attached to said body posts and adaptedto stiften the body posts by laterally bracing the same, said continuous carlines consist-ing of, laterallyflanged channel irons having their' flanges arranged outwardly.

40. In passenger car construction, the combination of a plurality of vertical body posts consisting of laterally Vflanged channel iro-ns arranged with their lateral flanges inward, a plate girder secured to said flanges,

Vand continuous carlines att-ached to the upper portion of said body posts and adapted to stillen said body posts by laterally bracing the same,'said continuous carlines consisting of laterally flanged channel irons arranged .with their lateral flanges outward.

41. In a railway passenger car, th'e combinatie-n of supporting members including side plate girders, roof carlines extending across the car and bent to the form of the upper deck of the roof in such manner as to laterally brace said supporting members, each Carline consisting of a laterally flanged channel bar arranged With its flanges outward, and means for attaching said carlines to said supporting members. l

42. In a railway passenger car, the combination of vertical' supporting members in cluding-side plate girders, roof carlines exf tending between said vertical supporting members in such manner as to laterally Ibrace said supporting members, each carline Consisting of' a laterally flanged channel b'ar arranged with its'tlanges outward,A and [means for attaching said carlines to said supp orting member comprising 43. In a railwaypassenger car,'the combination with vertical body posts, of side girders on the innersides of said posts, saidgirders comprising web plates provided compresslon members and tension beams for 'the floor of the with members, cross car, and means said cross beams to said girders.

44. In a railway passenger car, the combination of a plurality of vertical'body posts channel irons, a continuous Y girder beneath the windows and secured to the inner sides of said posts, said girder being provided With a Compression member and a tension member, board above the Windows, earlines extending across the car and attached to said body posts in for attachingzt-he ends of f a continuous letter the same, and a curved lower deck roof'overhanging said letter board.

45. In a passenger car, with roof posts at the side of the ear, of roof carlines extending across the c'ar from "the such manner as to laterally brace the combination tops of the root posts, each earline' consisting of a'glaterally flanged channel iron ar.-

ranged with its flanges outward, and bent v to form the upper rdeck of the roof, and aV

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