US1026344A - Binder for the manufacture of refractory conductors. - Google Patents
Binder for the manufacture of refractory conductors. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1026344A US1026344A US38754907A US1907387549A US1026344A US 1026344 A US1026344 A US 1026344A US 38754907 A US38754907 A US 38754907A US 1907387549 A US1907387549 A US 1907387549A US 1026344 A US1026344 A US 1026344A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- refractory
- tungsten
- manufacture
- lead
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001621 bismuth Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008570 general process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
Definitions
- This invention relates to the production of refractory electrical conductors suitable for use in incandescent lamps, electrical furnaces, and other apparatus.
- My invention comprises a process whereby refractory material, even t ough non-ductile, may be shaped into wires, plates; rods, or other forms, and then consolidated into a coherent conductor ca able of converting electrical energy into ight at enormously high temperatures.
- a refractory element, alloy, compound or mixture is incorporated in a metallic binder, and the product so obtained is squirted or otherwise shaped into rods or filaments and then treated to drive out the easily vaporizable material of the binder and to consolidate and sintcr together the refractory residue.
- I 35 is a binding material I use an alloy containing cadmium, lead and mercury.
- the binding material serves to give t e body ductility and strength, and in some cases to increase its electrical conductivity. It is retained in the mixture only until the body has been worked or formed 50 into the desired shape.” It is then driven out by heat treatment and leaves .behind a refractory coherent wire or rod suitable for use in lamps.
- Tungsten suitable for use according to my process ma be made by reduction of tungsten trloxi with hydrogen according to the general process well known to chemists. This reaction should be carefully conducted so that the tungsten powder Wlll be finely divided and of a high degree of purity.
- ut also so tough that it can be given a sharp twist and then be straightened out without danger of rupture. It may be squirted in sizes varying from large rods or plates down to wires havmg a diameter of 1 mill or even less, and can be readily rolled or worked by anyof the well known metal working processes.
- the ductile wire is next cutto length and bent into loops having the shape of lamp filaments. A bundle of these loops is placed on a piece of wire gauze mounted in a lass tube. The tube is then evacuated and heatedby a Bunsen burner to drive 5 Enough of the binder stays behind to hold the tungsten together and render the filaments strong enough for subsequent hanmg.
- the baked filament loops above described are next suspended in treating bottles and heated with current to drive out the remainder of the binder.
- Each loop can be suspended in a treating bottle between metal clamps.
- the treating bottle should be evacuated with a good mechanical pump and should be maintained dry by the use of an absorbing agent, such as phosphorous pentoxid. I prefer to have this drying agent in close proximity to the filament, as n a 2 small dish placed immediately below the filament during treatment.
- the treatment of the filament loop is carried out by passin r the loop until the binder is driven out and then a higher current for fifteen to thirty seconds or even for a minute.
- the high current sinters the residue and shrinks the loop into'a compact homogeneous wire havinga bright metallic surface.
- the sintered loop 0 is strong enough for commercial use in in candescent lamps and can be operated in lamps at a very high efficiency.
- a composition of matter consisting of refractory metal powder bound togethenby an amalgam containing cadmium and lead 1.
- a conductive pliant wire consisting of WILLIAM J). COOLIDGE.
Description
UNITED srnrns Parana ora ion.
WILLIAM B.
ooonrncn. or SGHENEC'I'ADY, NEW YORK, assroivoa r GENERAL nnno'rarc company, A CORPORATION on NEW "roan.
BINDER FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF REFRACTORY-CONDUCTOR.
No Drawing.
. Patented May 1a, 1912.
To. all whom it may concern:
. Be it known that I, WILLIAM D. Coomnen,
a citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, count of Schenectady, State 5 of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Binders for the Manufacture of Refractory Conductors, of
which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to the production of refractory electrical conductors suitable for use in incandescent lamps, electrical furnaces, and other apparatus.
My invention comprises a process whereby refractory material, even t ough non-ductile, may be shaped into wires, plates; rods, or other forms, and then consolidated into a coherent conductor ca able of converting electrical energy into ight at enormously high temperatures.
According to my invention, a refractory element, alloy, compound or mixture is incorporated in a metallic binder, and the product so obtained is squirted or otherwise shaped into rods or filaments and then treated to drive out the easily vaporizable material of the binder and to consolidate and sintcr together the refractory residue.
My process is applicable to a great variety of refractory metals and materials, such, for instance, as tungsten, molybdenum, boron, zirconium, tantalum, titanium, graphite, or compounds of alloys of any of these, or of other materials of the same general refractor nature. I 35 is a binding material I use an alloy containing cadmium, lead and mercury. The
alloy may have the following proportions,
cadmium 42 parts, mercury -53 parts, lead 5 parts. This binder does not appear to 40 chemically combine with the refractory material with which it is impregnated, and consequently the process of manufacture is a plicable to all the materials above mentioned and to many others.
In eneral, the binding material serves to give t e body ductility and strength, and in some cases to increase its electrical conductivity. It is retained in the mixture only until the body has been worked or formed 50 into the desired shape." It is then driven out by heat treatment and leaves .behind a refractory coherent wire or rod suitable for use in lamps.
In order that my invention may be easily 55 practised, I have hereinafter described the processes applied to the metal tungsten, but thls spec fic application is to be regarded as only typlcal and as showing but one of numerous applications.
Tungsten suitable for use according to my process ma be made by reduction of tungsten trloxi with hydrogen according to the general process well known to chemists. This reaction should be carefully conducted so that the tungsten powder Wlll be finely divided and of a high degree of purity.
To compound the binder for use with tungsten or other refractory powder, I melt together the cadmium and lead and then add the mercury. I find that the alloy thus produced is homogeneous, and when partially cooled is smooth and plastic and may be readily impregnated with the tungsten powder by simply rubbin the two together 1n a chemists mortar. T e powder goes in very readily and the binder can be heated relatively hot without danger that the components will separate,in otherv words that the alloy will break upin'to its component elements. Tungsten may be added to theextent of 30 to per cent. by weight of the final mixture. I call the product a mixture because I do not at present believe that the tungsten alloys or combines in any way with the material of the binder. The mixture is ductile and pliable and can be readily rolled or worked by any of the well known metal workin processes.
To 0 tain wires, plates, rods or other forms suitable for the construction of lamp filaments'or other apparatus, I squirt or extrude the plastic mixture above mentioned through a die, for example, a diamond die, at the temperature at which the mixture is soft and workable,'say 100 to 150 degrees C. The material comes out as a smooth homogeneous wire, not only ductile and pliable,
ut also so tough that it can be given a sharp twist and then be straightened out without danger of rupture. It may be squirted in sizes varying from large rods or plates down to wires havmg a diameter of 1 mill or even less, and can be readily rolled or worked by anyof the well known metal working processes. The ductile wire is next cutto length and bent into loops having the shape of lamp filaments. A bundle of these loops is placed on a piece of wire gauze mounted in a lass tube. The tube is then evacuated and heatedby a Bunsen burner to drive 5 Enough of the binder stays behind to hold the tungsten together and render the filaments strong enough for subsequent hanmg. The baked filament loops above described are next suspended in treating bottles and heated with current to drive out the remainder of the binder. Each loop can be suspended in a treating bottle between metal clamps. The treating bottle should be evacuated with a good mechanical pump and should be maintained dry by the use of an absorbing agent, such as phosphorous pentoxid. I prefer to have this drying agent in close proximity to the filament, as n a 2 small dish placed immediately below the filament during treatment.
The treatment of the filament loop is carried out by passin r the loop until the binder is driven out and then a higher current for fifteen to thirty seconds or even for a minute. The high current sinters the residue and shrinks the loop into'a compact homogeneous wire havinga bright metallic surface. The sintered loop 0 is strong enough for commercial use in in candescent lamps and can be operated in lamps at a very high efficiency.
As a modification of the :processes above described I may reduce the lead content to 2% parts and add to the metallic binder 2% parts bismuth. This bismuth comes out of the filamentary conductors during the heat treatment in much the same way that the cadmium and other components come out.
40 It probably comes out later, however, and
therefore is effective in strengthening the sintered and shrunk.
a low current through.
filaments durin that interval of time when they are free from cadmium but not yet Such a binding ma terial-that is one containing cadmium, lead, bismuth and mercurycomes within the terms of the annexed claims which specify that the binder is an alloy containing cadmium, lead, and mercury or is an amalgam containing cadmium and lead.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is
1. A composition of matter consisting of refractory metal powder bound togethenby an amalgam containing cadmium and lead. 2. A composition of matter consisting of refractory metal powder bound together by an alloy containing cadmium, lead and mercury. s 3. A composition of matter consisting of powdered tungsten bound together b an amalgam containing cadmium and lea 4. A composition of matter comprising powdered tungsten bound together by an alloy containing cadmium, lead and mercury.
5. A conductive pliant wire consisting of WILLIAM J). COOLIDGE.
Witnesses:
BENJAMIN B. HULL, HELEN Onroan.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US38754907A US1026344A (en) | 1907-08-07 | 1907-08-07 | Binder for the manufacture of refractory conductors. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US38754907A US1026344A (en) | 1907-08-07 | 1907-08-07 | Binder for the manufacture of refractory conductors. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1026344A true US1026344A (en) | 1912-05-14 |
Family
ID=3094639
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US38754907A Expired - Lifetime US1026344A (en) | 1907-08-07 | 1907-08-07 | Binder for the manufacture of refractory conductors. |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1026344A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2447980A (en) * | 1945-01-29 | 1948-08-24 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Method of making porous bearing surfaces |
US2450339A (en) * | 1943-09-17 | 1948-09-28 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Method of making porous metal filters |
US2842836A (en) * | 1954-12-23 | 1958-07-15 | Johannes N Hiensch | Moldable body, shaped metal article and method of making the same |
US3187423A (en) * | 1962-01-04 | 1965-06-08 | Lloyd C Lantz | Method of releasing solid solder from a joint |
US3247557A (en) * | 1962-02-26 | 1966-04-26 | Reynolds Metals Co | Method of solidifying molten metal |
-
1907
- 1907-08-07 US US38754907A patent/US1026344A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2450339A (en) * | 1943-09-17 | 1948-09-28 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Method of making porous metal filters |
US2447980A (en) * | 1945-01-29 | 1948-08-24 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Method of making porous bearing surfaces |
US2842836A (en) * | 1954-12-23 | 1958-07-15 | Johannes N Hiensch | Moldable body, shaped metal article and method of making the same |
US3187423A (en) * | 1962-01-04 | 1965-06-08 | Lloyd C Lantz | Method of releasing solid solder from a joint |
US3247557A (en) * | 1962-02-26 | 1966-04-26 | Reynolds Metals Co | Method of solidifying molten metal |
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