US1025570A - Method of manufacturing nozzles. - Google Patents

Description

. W. HORSLBY.

METHOD-OF MANUFACTURING NOZZLLfi.

APPLICATION FILED DIKLZB, 1909.

Patented May 7, 1912.

2 sums-sum 1.

2 6. T [IL] 8 13 m E IIIVEIWR momv Patented May 7, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' munm lliilli H ill w. HQBSLEY.

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING NOZZLES.

APPLICATION XILED DEC. 28, 1909.

' wI'LLrAm'n'oRsLEY, or ERSEY CITY, NEW' .mn'rlron or MANUFACTURING nozzLns:

To all whom it may concern: I I

Be it known that I, /VILLIAM Honsnnr, a citizen of the United States, and. resident of Jersey City,; county of Hudson, and

State of New Jersey, have invented an 1111- v provement in Methods. of Manufacturing Nozzles, of which the following is a' specification. 7 Q

My invention has reference to the method of manufacturing nozzles for steam boilers and other purposes, and consists of certain improvements which are fully set torth 1n the following specification and shown in the accompanying drawings which term a part thereof.-

The nozzle produced improved;

method of manufacture, is of such character' that it is adapted more particularly. for

use with steam boilers for permittingthe escape of steam from the boiler into a sup-" ply pipe,but is also adapted for use in Yes-- sels requiring. a contracted outlet, and for use betweentwo flanged pipes of difl'erent diameters for forming a communication between them.

Heretofore, it has been the practicemake nozzles out of materials such as brass, castiron and'cast steel. Brass, while making a strong and'etlicient only on very rare occasions on account of the price being prohibitive. --'Cast iron has been used extensively, buthas great objection on account.of'brittleness anddanger of cracking 'while being applied to the boiler or the other. vesscland the danger of explosion while the boiler is under pressure. Cast steel nozzles are open to several ob ect1ons, among which may be stated the great cost, not only because it is cast steel but also because of the extra costot making the steel of a hard structure, and further because of t-he very large percentage of defective castings-from blow-holes which make the manufacture uncertain and costly and prohibitive as to cost excepting for special cases where cost is not material,

My improved nozzle overcomes all of the I above objections to the existing'type of nozzles since 4 grades of sheet steel and pressed and drawn up into shape in a speedy and economical manner, so thatthe nozzle not only has strength and'cheapness', but is accurate as Specification of Iietters latent. Application filed December 28, 1909. sem N9. 555,305.

nozzle, is used section) adapted it-may be made of the finest.

to form and shape, has a good finish, m y

be readily calked, and has elasticity in its lTatented May 7,1191% flangeswhich enables it to form a perfect be united to it. 'It has, moreover, greater metal thickness at its larger diameter than at the smaller diameter so that-with a given minimum weight of metal, the greatest uni form strength is secured.

.My invention jcomprehends a method for manufacturing, in any econom cal manner,

the above described improvements in noz- -zles, and more specifically, my inventionv consists in stamping, pressing or drawing a flanged'body' part .out of'one piece of sheet metal, thebody part being more or less tapering or conical and of gradually decreasing thickness of metalfrom the -flanged part to the smallertubnlar end of the body, placing about the said smaller tubular end of the body an independentflange of smaller diameter than the integral being made of stamped sheet steel or other wise, as desired, an'dperman'ent-ly or fixedly connecting the smaller independent flange to thetubular-end of the. body by expanding or otherwise connecting the parts with a stealn-tigl1t j oint to form one integral structure.

My improved method ismore fully-de- .scribed' hereinafter in connection with the drawings, and is specifically"'defined in the claims. a I

My invention will be better "understood byreterence to the drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a nozzle adapted to be made by my improved method; l igs. 2 to (i inclusive, are-cross sections of the sheet metal during the various stages of forming the tubular part of the nozzle, and Fig. 7- is an elevation of a hydraulic press and dies (t-helatter in foruse inconnection with the carrying out of my improved method. The character of nozzle which isadapted lobe lnade'by my improved method, is fully illustrated in Figs-l and (i and comprise a structure having a flange '3 of large diameter, a tapering body part-9 integral with joint with. the boilerand the other part to. r

flange of .the body part, said smaller'fla'nge diameter of the body adjacent to the large integral flange 2, and a flange 13 of smaller diameter secured to the cylindrical end 8 ",sby an expanded or other suitable joint, 14.

Incarrymg out my invention, I form the body walls 3 and the lower integral large flange '2 of the nozzle from ductile metal, preferably steel plate, by pressing or drawmg a suitable formed blank in dies so as to produce a tapered nozzle such as shown in Fig. 5, the lower flange 2 being substantially horizontal, and the upper flange or smaller tubular end 8 being substantially vertical so that its flanged portion is cylindrical. To this upper cylindrical flange 8, I secure an independent flange ring 13, preferably of ductile metal and desirably stamped from a sheet'of steel plate; the flange ring 13 being fitted over the said cylindrical end 8 and secured in position by expanding, with or without upsetting of the flange 8 within it, or in any other suitable and well-known manner adapted for uniting a flange to a The flange 13 is preferably flat, whereas the flange 2 may be flat or curved to suit, the curvature of the boiler or tank shell to which it is to be secured by rivets or otherwise.

The sheet steel, in being drawn or pressedinto the tapered nozzle form has the metal drawn down to a gradually lessened thickness toward the smaller diameter or cylindrical portion 8 to which the flange 13 is secured and forming curved side walls 3 which have a maximum thickness adjacentto the flange 2, and a gradually reduced thickness adjacent to the cylindrical flange portion 8, as is clearly indicated in Figs. 4 5 and 6.

By properly proportioning the diameters of the large and small end of the body and height of the nozzle between the two flanges, I am enabled to draw and stamp the body and lowenflange from a single sheet of steel without materially weakening the smaller cylindrical flanged end.

In making the body part with the lower integral flange of large diameter, I employ suitable dies in connection with a hydraulic or other press, and these dies operate upon a plate of sheet steel to produce the successive forms indicated by the cross sect ions 2 to 6 inclusive. The first action of the dies is to clamp part of the sheet which constitutes the lower flange part 2, and then to force up the central portion, drawing the metal within the area of the clamped por tion to form the conical side walls 3 and a top or cap portion 4, forming 1n effect a dome-like structure, as shown in Fig. 2.

When this action is accomplished, a small part of the dome 4 is punched out, as at 5,

to form an apertureG, shown in Fig. 3. A

further action of the dies press the upper or cap portion 4 upward, and at the same time expand the diameter of the aperture 6 until it takes the shape indicated in Fig. 4, providing an upwardly'extending cylindrical flang portion 8 of minimum thickness, and

of an lnte rnal diameter of materially less than the internal diameter of the lower flange 2. By examination of Fig. 4, it will be seen that the cylindrical flan e 8 extends upward from the smallest diameter of the conical body and forms that portion 7 where the metal is expanded. When the flanged nozzle is at this stage of completion, a further action of the dies expands the smaller diameter of the conical portion of the body 9 to provide the annular shoulder 10, indicated at Fig. 5, and at the same time the surplus portion of the sheet, outside of the required diameter of the flange 2 in the finished article, is punched ofl by suitable dies,

as indicated at 11 in said Fig. 5. WVhen the tapering body portion is thus completed, it

is in a finished condition ready to receive the smaller flange 13 which flange ma be of stamped metal or a casting, but pre erably stamped from a thicker sheet of steel and of a cross section such as indicated in Fi (3.

Thissmaller flange 13 is then placed a out the cylindrical flange of the body portion and made to rest upon the annular shoulder l0, and is secured in position by the said cylindrical flange 8 being expan within the annular flange .13 to form a steam-tight joint. The edge 7 may be upset over the flange as shown in Figs. 1 and 6.

Suitable dies and apparatus for carrying out'my improved method in the manufacture of the steam nozzle, are shown in Fi 7, and will now be described. The hydraulic press for applying the power may beof any suitable character, but that shown consists of the fixed head 17, the movable platen 15 and the large hydraulic cylinder and plun gcr 1G for vertically moving the platen. Portions of the dies are secured to the head 17, and the remaining portions are secured upon the platen l5, and by its movement caused to be raised and lowered.

The dies and their operating parts, which are upon the platen l5, consist of a cylinder 18 having a piston 19 provided with an upwardly directed plunger 20 working through the top of the cylinder. This piston and plunger may be operated by hydraulic or other pressure from any suitable source of supply, and under control of any of the wellknown controlling valves. Bolted to the top of the cylinder 18 is a bed die 23 having an annular cutting edge 22. Centrally arranged with respect to the bed die 22} and vertically adjustable theretln'ough, is a tued and upset bular die 21 extending upward and tor|ninoting in an annular or female. die 21. This die 21, in its downward position, rests upon the top of the cylinder 18 and is adapted to be raised by the plunger 20 of the piston 19.

It is further provided an annular shoulder 39 at a distance below its top.

, metal 11.

ported by a' die block 33 with provision for Referring now to the dies secured to the head 17, there is a die 25 adapted to cooperate with the die 23 ofthe platen and vertically adjustable within a cylindrical-die 27 which has an annular cuttingedge- 28 for cotiperating with the cutting edge 22 upon the aforesaid die 23. The inner part 26 of this die 25 is shaped to conform to what wouldbe the outer portion of the" tapering body ofgthe finished nozzle, the.

said interior surface. --',tapering from the lower part inwardly to; a cylindrical neck at the top',..which; is provided with a shoulder 31- employed in the making of the. shoul-,

der 1O in the body of the nozzle. The die 25 is connected with. the cylindrical die 27 by means of'pin and-slot devices indicated at. 29, which normally support the die 25 so that its lower surface extends somewhat below the cutting edge 28 of the die 27, as indicated in. F1g. 7.. The die 25 may be retained in this position, during the drawin .o peration, by'means of abutment bars 30 which are interposed between it and the bed 38 secured to the head of the press abutment 30 may be withdrawn after th-ei nozzle body has been shaped, and preliminary to the trimming ofl of the surplus A punch 32 is adjustably supvertical movement, and is adapted to cooperate with'the die 24, previously described, for punching the hole 6 in the.

blank, as indicated in Fig. 3. This die may .to be pressed and drawn into the improved nozzle, and 37 are adjustable clampsfor be retained in punching position by an ad justableabutment S l adapted to be interposed between its upper partand the head 17, and which abutmentmay be moved by a handle 35. lVl1en the abutment 34 is with drawn to the position indicated in Fig. 7, the punch 32 may move vertically without resistance.

36 represents thesheet of steel whichis temporarily supporting the plate "in posi: tion above the lower dies, allof said'parts being carried upon the platen 15. The clampinglevers 37 'are'pivoted so that when the platen rises and the plate 36 is received against the bottom f the die 25, said levers may be oscillated by striking the DQUZOIH of the cylindrical die 27 and turned out of .the way. These clamping and positioning devices 37, while found exceedingly useful in practice, are not essential.

The-operation of the dies in forming the "tubular nozzle will-now be-understood.

' Assumingthe plate 30 to be inthe posi-' tion shown in Fig. 7, the abutments 30 are withdrawn and the Water pressure is" then applied tothe cylinder and plunger 16 and the platen 15 is caused to rise. The upward nary to the making of another nozzle.

movement of, the platen soon brings the plate 36 against the bottom of the die 25, with the result that it is pressediupward in the-middle by the die 21, and at the same time the plate is clamped between the bot-' tom annular edge of the die 25 and the top of the die 23 and forming that part which finally constitutes the main flange 2 of "the nozzle. While the plate is so clamped adjacent to its periphery, water pressure is applied to the, cylinder 18 and piston '19, i

causing the plunger 20 to rise. Tharisin'g ofthe plunger 20 pushes the die.21 upward against the under surface of the middle of the-plate and draws the said plat'p into the dome-like shape shown in'Fig. 4' When this is done, the platen 15 is lowered slightly to allow the blank to be lowered suilicientlyv to let the punch 32 drop down and the abutment block 34 to be shoved in above it. The platen is then raised again and the punch 32, cooperating with the die 24, punches out a part 5 and leaves an aperture 6 in the.

crown of the blank, as indicated in Fig. 3. A further upward movement of the die 21 causes the crown to be expanded into a cy: lindrical flange part8, as indicated in Fig. 4 ,.the outer diameter of said cylinder part being made to conform to the'inner opening of the die 25 against which it is driven by the die 21. A further upward movement of the die 21' brings the shoulder 39 thereof in cooperation with the annular grooved shoulder 31 on the inner part of the dies 25 to produce'in the nozzle body, at the base of the cylindrical flange ,8, the shoulder 10 as shown in Fig. 5. During this action, the sheet metal forming the conical part 9 of the body of the nozzle, is caused to shape operation is done, the dies are all lowered to their original positions indicated in Fig.

7, the nozzle removed, the abutment 30 inserted and abutment 34 withdrawn prelimi- It will be seen that this operation of drawing, punching, shaping and finishing of'the nozzle is practieally one continuous operatlQIQ jQEQ WhllG- accuracy is secured in the making of the nozzles, the manufacture is very economically performed 1 After the nozzle is form-ed as indicated'in Fig. 6, thesecond flange ring 13 is placed in position, as indicated'in dotted lines in Fig. 5, and the cylindrical flange 8 expanded gradually sloping walls,

= expanding the metal of over the flange ring 13, as indicated at 14 in Figs. 1 and 6.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isz- 1. The herein described method of forming a nozzle from a sheet of ductile metal which consists in the following operations, namely, clamping the sheet annularly about its center, drawing the metal at the center of the sheet into a do1ne-like structure with punching an aperture of relatively small diameter through the dome so as to provide a large annular radial flange bounding the aperture, and the radial flange adjacent to the aperture in the dome outwardly through substantially ninety degrees into a cylindrical tubular flange.

2. The herein described method of forming a nozzle from a sheet of ductile metal which consists in the following operations,

namely, clamping the sheet annularly about its center, drawing the metal at the center of the sheet into a dome-like structure with punching an aperture of relatively small diameter through the dome so as to provide a large annular radial flange bounding the aperture, ex-

- pancling the metal ofthe radial flange adjacent to the aperture in the dome outwardly through substantially ninety degrees into a cylindrical flange, and pressing the metal of the sloping walls adjacent to the partof the cylindrical flange most distant from its free edge outwardly into an outwardly extending annular shoulder.

3. The herein described method of forming a nozzle from a sheet of ductile metal which consists in the following operations, namely, clamping the sheet annularly about its centerjand'at a distance from its outer edge, drawing'the metal at thecenter of the sheet into a' domerlike structure with gradually sloping wallsfpunching an aperture of relatively small diameter through the dome so as to provide a large annular radial flange bounding the aperture, expanding the metal of the radial flange adjacent-to the aperture in the dome outwardly through substantially ninety degrees into a cylindrical lar clamped flange, and punching 011' the surplus metal beyond the po ion annularly clamped in the first instance I 0 form the flange.

4. The herein described-method of malting a nozzle which consists in clampin a sheet of-metal against an annular. sur ace to form a flange, then drawing the metal into a conical condition to form a dome-like structure with sloping walls within the area of the clamped portion, perforating the dome sul nt-ially centrally to the annu- -ulllOll' of the plate to form a small aperture w th radial inwardly directed flange, and spreading the metal adjacent to the perforated dome outwardly through approximately ninety degrees into a cylindrical flange of substantially uniform thickness at an angle to the flange formed by the annularly clamped portion.'

5. The herein described method of forming a nozzle from a sheet of ductile metal which consists in the following operations, namely, clamping the sheet annularly about its center, drawing the metal at the center of the sheet into a dome-like structure with gradually sloping walls, punching an aperture of relatively small diameter through the dome so as to provide a large annular radial flange bounding the aperture, expanding the metal of the radial flange adjacent to the aperture in the dome outwardly through substantially ninety degrees into a cylindrical flange, and pressing the metal of the sloping walls adjacent to the part of the cylindrical flange most distant from its free edge outwardly into an outwardly extending annular shoulder, placing a rin flange about the outside of the cylindrica flange and resting it upon the annular shoulder to cause it to take the required position with respect to the formed by the part of the sheet ori 'na clamped, and mechanically securing t ring flange to the cylindrical flange so as to make a steam-tight joint.

In testimony ofwhich invention I hereuntoset my hand I I g p WILLIAM HORSI EY, Witnesses! Q I IRVING R. Vaa'sor, Plenum S. Master.

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