US1022695A - Electrolytic rectifier. - Google Patents
Electrolytic rectifier. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1022695A US1022695A US58712910A US1910587129A US1022695A US 1022695 A US1022695 A US 1022695A US 58712910 A US58712910 A US 58712910A US 1910587129 A US1910587129 A US 1910587129A US 1022695 A US1022695 A US 1022695A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bismuth
- anode
- electrolyte
- cathode
- electrolytic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XVOFZWCCFLVFRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxochromium Chemical compound [Cr]=O XVOFZWCCFLVFRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000318 alkali metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkalimetal chromate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DHMGMTYGCBZFST-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Bi+3].[Bi+3].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O DHMGMTYGCBZFST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
Definitions
- This invention is an asymmetric electrolytic cell for rectifying alternating electric currents.
- anode and electrolyte of an asymmetric cell Various metals and solutions have been suggested for use as the anode and electrolyte of an asymmetric cell, but the combination which has heretofore been commonly employed is'an anode of aluminum, with a cathode of carbon, lead or iron, in a phosphate, tartrate, citrate, or borate solution. It is however well known that the aluminum rectifier entirely fails when operated at a high temperature, that is, with current densities which cause much heating of the electrolyte. Furthermore, the anode film of aluminum oxid or hydroxidis notpermanent but is apt to puncture and break down.
- the figure is a transverse vertical section through the cell, solution and anode, the cathode being shown in elevation.
- the cell illustrated comprises a vessel 1, which may be of rubber or glass.
- anode 2 is a rod or plate of bismuth, preferably caston a wire or grid support 3 of nickel.
- the support has an upper extension 3 carrying a binding-post 4.
- a vertically-movable sheath 5 is provided.
- this sheath may be a glass tube, held in adjusted position by a short rubber sleeve 6, stretched on the upper end of the tube and sliding frictionally on the nickel rod extension 3.
- the exposed surface is preferably such as to give a eounter-electromotive force of about 90 volts with an applied potential difference of 1.10
- the cathode 7 may be a rod or plate of carbon or lead.
- the electrolyte 8 is preferably a solution of a chromium-oxygen compound, for example potassium chromate or dichromate.
- a solution of an alkali-metal phosphate or bicarbonate, or of both achromate and phosphate or bicarbonate, or one of the solutions heretofore used with aluminum anodes, may also be employed.
- the solution may be neutral or somewhat acid or alkaline. For high current-densities a strong solution is preferably employed.
- the alloy anode is of sufiicicnt strength to be self-supporting, not requiring the nickel support.
- an electrolytic rectifier an anode of bismuth, an electrolyte capable of reacting on bismuth to give an asymmetric film, and a cathode.
- an electrolytic rectifier an anode containing bismuth, an electrolyte capable of reacting on bismuth to give an asymmetric film, and a cathode.
- an electrolytic rectifier In an electrolytic rectifier, an anode of bismuth, an electrolyte of a chromium-oxygen compound, and a cathode.
- Y 4 In an electrolytic rectifier, an anode of bismuth, an electrolyte containing a soluble chromate, and a cathode.
- an electrolytic rectifier an anode of bismuth, an electrolyte containing an alkalimetal chromate, and a cathode.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
W. MORRISON.
ELECTROLYTIC RECTIFIER.
APPLICATION FILED 001?. 14, 1910- 1,022,695, Patented Apr. 9, 1912.
mum
Bismuth,
WILLIAM MORRISON, OF DES MOINES, IOWA.
ELECTROLYTIC RECTIFIER.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Application filed October 14, 1910. Serial No. 587,129.
To all 107mm 1' 1. may concern Be it known that I, IVILLIAM MORRISON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Des Moines, in the county of Polk and State of Iowa, have invented certain new and usefulv Improvements in Electrolytic Rectifiers, of which the following is a specification.
This invention is an asymmetric electrolytic cell for rectifying alternating electric currents.
Various metals and solutions have been suggested for use as the anode and electrolyte of an asymmetric cell, but the combination which has heretofore been commonly employed is'an anode of aluminum, with a cathode of carbon, lead or iron, in a phosphate, tartrate, citrate, or borate solution. It is however well known that the aluminum rectifier entirely fails when operated at a high temperature, that is, with current densities which cause much heating of the electrolyte. Furthermore, the anode film of aluminum oxid or hydroxidis notpermanent but is apt to puncture and break down.
I have found that bismuth is especially well suited for the anode of an asymmetric cell; that a chromate solution is well suited for the electrolyte of such cell; and that a cell comprising an anode of bismuth, a cathode of carbon or lead, and an electrolyte of a chromate solution, constitutes a superior electrolytic rectifier. I have shownin the accompanying drawing a cell of this type, adapted for the rectification of small currents.
The figure is a transverse vertical section through the cell, solution and anode, the cathode being shown in elevation.
The cell illustrated comprises a vessel 1, which may be of rubber or glass. The
. anode 2 is a rod or plate of bismuth, preferably caston a wire or grid support 3 of nickel. The support has an upper extension 3 carrying a binding-post 4. In order to vary the exposed active surface of the anode, a vertically-movable sheath 5 is provided. When a rod anode is used, this sheath may be a glass tube, held in adjusted position by a short rubber sleeve 6, stretched on the upper end of the tube and sliding frictionally on the nickel rod extension 3. The exposed surface is preferably such as to give a eounter-electromotive force of about 90 volts with an applied potential difference of 1.10
volts and an alternating current having a frequency of 60 cycles. The cathode 7 may be a rod or plate of carbon or lead. The electrolyte 8 is preferably a solution of a chromium-oxygen compound, for example potassium chromate or dichromate. A solution of an alkali-metal phosphate or bicarbonate, or of both achromate and phosphate or bicarbonate, or one of the solutions heretofore used with aluminum anodes, may also be employed. The solution may be neutral or somewhat acid or alkaline. For high current-densities a strong solution is preferably employed.
My experiments indicate that an anode of bismuth in a chromate solution becomes coated in use with a permanent adherent film of bismuth chromate, which is of high resistivity and is substantially insoluble in the solution, being one of the most insoluble compounds known.
It will be understood that either bismuth or a bismuth alloy may be'used for the anode, provided the alloy contains sutiicient bismuth to give its characteristic film. By alloying the bismuth for example with cadmium, the alloy anode is of sufiicicnt strength to be self-supporting, not requiring the nickel support.
I claim:
1. In an electrolytic rectifier, an anode of bismuth, an electrolyte capable of reacting on bismuth to give an asymmetric film, and a cathode.
2. In an electrolytic rectifier, an anode containing bismuth, an electrolyte capable of reacting on bismuth to give an asymmetric film, and a cathode.
3. In an electrolytic rectifier, an anode of bismuth, an electrolyte of a chromium-oxygen compound, and a cathode.
Y 4. In an electrolytic rectifier, an anode of bismuth, an electrolyte containing a soluble chromate, and a cathode.
5. In an electrolytic rectifier, an anode of bismuth, an electrolyte containing an alkalimetal chromate, and a cathode.
In testimony whereof, I aitix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
WILLIAM MORRISON.
Witnesses:
E. A. BYRNES, J As, H. BLACKWOOD.
Patented Apr. 9, 1912.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US58712910A US1022695A (en) | 1910-10-14 | 1910-10-14 | Electrolytic rectifier. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US58712910A US1022695A (en) | 1910-10-14 | 1910-10-14 | Electrolytic rectifier. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1022695A true US1022695A (en) | 1912-04-09 |
Family
ID=3090992
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US58712910A Expired - Lifetime US1022695A (en) | 1910-10-14 | 1910-10-14 | Electrolytic rectifier. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1022695A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2749487A (en) * | 1953-05-11 | 1956-06-05 | Gen Electric | Tantalum electrolytic capacitor |
-
1910
- 1910-10-14 US US58712910A patent/US1022695A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2749487A (en) * | 1953-05-11 | 1956-06-05 | Gen Electric | Tantalum electrolytic capacitor |
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