US1021038A - Method of pumping liquids. - Google Patents

Description

` T. M. CHANGE. METHD OF PUMPING LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 5, 1910.

,Patented Mar. 26, 1912.

' 3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

N MK www T. M. CHANCE. METHOD 0F PUMPING LIQUIDS. APPLICATION FILED AUG.5,1`-91o.

Patented Mar. 26, 1912. v

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

T. M. CHANGE. l METHOD 0F PUMPING LIQUIDS.` y APPLICATION FILED AUG. 5, 1910.

1,021,038, y Patented Mar. 26, 1912.

3 SHBETS*SHBET 3.

'Mmm/tom Thom/Vl 'Wwf-1612 @tickt/P1025 rented a certain new an the'nifmientum of` aconfined body of liquid,

'4S-actuator, and, fmfterem'ploying a p '50,uponthe actuators,

` ingup energy.andftrzinsmitting parts oit, f first in one direction-andlthenfin thelother' o rcefo'fthe :mediumw 55 tageou y vund iselso eicient for compressing the next .dei M11 y., Si umHoMwS My GRANGE,

4 p useful Method of Pumping Liquids,' `\vl1ei'eot the following is" p, a. specification, referencebeing had to the *accompanying drawings. l

l use the term liquid 1()y ing not merely single' liquids, but lalsofrnixtures of two ormore liquids, mixtures of4 vliquids and solids, end mixtures of liquids and 'gase whenever such -subst-ences are capable tif being pumped.

Theiob'e'cts of my invention are to` utilize which has beenset" in-motion byfmeans of a' mechanical :ictuatoi-positiyelydrivenfby 'ag' priuniry nied'iunr having high 'initial vpressure. and "subsequent expansive Iforce, 1t`o effect the' `dischzirgeotfliqui'd andto draw in n new nccretioniof liquid at -theintske end of 'the system after-the `cessation or` retar- ,dution ofnioi'ementfof the zictuator, thus perlnitting, the `supply of the primary medium to be soloontrolled as torealize its expansive torce to the ullestextent, and further-to ""iitilize' the momentum" and resultant. pres-v.

'sure oi the said body of liquid in the reverse '(lirection,A ifter vtheA completion of its initial,

movement, in such y manner as to remet upon:

the actuator, land thereby permit itto assist inldevelopingthe desi1'ed:conditions of that portion ofthe elasticinediunr which is to effect the` next power stroke.l

liigurati'vely speekingg of liquidimay be considered as a. liquid-piston in so for. it tendsto force liquids toward the'deliveryV end of. the systemand 40`to`"d'r:iw in liquidat thegintnkezend of the system,

i'elqtively'lurge inertia,

un oscillating fly .wheel to store up the` ener-gy in sojfar l es itt-ends l artl of such-stored up energy forthel primary Work of effecting nootijor'iyoftl trenslationgof ,the

liquid, to then employ another part .of such V y gtal and straight, though not necessrily so, 10,5 l

I direct-ion r for react-ion energy inni-'reverse p This capacityA I-tor Stor.,-`

succeeding,chergeyf ipledium. l l *.:tion :.ot suchfchmrge-,Uin prepara as comprehendv the lconfined lbody l `and sincefsaid body ot'iliquid hasI` it maybe likened to.

transmitted from the,V

sfPatent.

"nextsucceeding powers'tyroke., f y,

My method contemplates the use of rei ciproca'ting actuator ywhich is positively driven 1n only 'one direction, ulthougliit niy 4be positively driyenin both., directions and while `it is of yspecie eine "n, onnection with internal comi-931 i available for engin pensivei orce` oistelau` In the accompanying nge, gurlie 1I, II, and. III, representY dlagrr'nmaticelly,

. in vertical. longitudinal, Section, "av'typieal im system` j of fappuratus adapted for the employment of. my lmethod, showing, 'es Vthe prime mover, aconventional reprsentation of rn steam, cylinder, enY juncts. vSaid thrl piston audits vailA tions, .which wllqbeV he einqfte ,d Fig.' IV, represents ,ple

a `preferred actuator mechun 51h, be employed in `my method, the prime mover 50 lbeing represented use 'gas engine act-ing on the'two strokeeuto cycle. Fig, V, ,is a side elevation of the devices represented in Fig.:

1V, cert-ain parts being "shownfin dotted-` lines. FigsVI tqXIH, inclusivdnre'sec- 85 tional dialgrammeticl yfiews showing Ve rious typical-formsfof i ch .can be employ larrying, `method; Figs. VF A, n'VII-","s owib'e o rfni `'of actuator in tiiiocliricteustiipo'sitiifs,figo -1`igslV111 and IX, .show another form4` in tivov chm'acteristic'V positions, 'while the remaining figuresF respectively' show other orms'in only emv-single position.

` Referring noiyfto the diagrammatic views 4of l, II, and III, 1, indicates a steam cylinder having af `pist`pn"2,and piston rod 3, which, latter 'isiopfefrnt` yiilcoiinctedttt# e plunger 4, whicl "Inter thenliirgc'l-endf, u `of an inclosed the pecking represelite et.

-the piston' 2, through the port'12, the'pistonA that the interior of the valve chamber 14, is

in communication with asource of stealn at suitable pressure, and that the internal chamber 16, of the valve, communicates withA the exhaust..

.' vIn Fig. I, the parts are represented in the v position which they occupy just at the commencement of the power stroke.' If now, steaml underprfessure be admitted 1n rear of 2, and plunger 4, will be actuated with relatively high velocity,.this movement'of the plunger imparting"y movements of substan 'tially similar velocity to the body ofwater Within 'the 1i uid. piston conduit, 6.-. At a predetermine position ofv the steam piston 2,

as shown in Fig. II, the valvev 15,'is shifted so as to cut off the steam, andthe remaining .forward movement of said -p1ston is effected by the lexpansion of the ,Steam theretofore.

fadmitted. The', liquid "'gton'j having been set in motion at the relalti\\ely' high velocity which characterizes the 'initial portion movement of thesteampiston 2, under full initial pressure, the momentum of the liquid permits the utilization'to thehighest extent of the 'expansive force ofthe steam in l-rear of the piston 2 and the movement thereof continues until the position shown in Fig.

III, is-reached, wherelthe piston 2,1 isclosel to the'end' of its forward stroke.y At' this point, the valve 15, is shiftedVso as to m0- mental-ily open communication ybetween the front end of the cylinder and the interior.of

the valve vchest through the port 13, and a l-lcushion of steamv 'is' thus admitted in front of the piston 2, so as to decelerateand arrest the movement thereof wlthout shock. The movement of the plunger 4, 1s similarly decelerated and ultimately arrested,.withouh` however, affecting the movement of the liquid piston within the conduit (i, and the momentum of said hquld piston causes an area of low pressure 1n the region of theplunger 4, so that the valves 11, open, admitting water into-the interior of the chamber 5, as indicatedby the larrows in Fig. III. The position/of the' steam'yalve 15,' shown 'in Fig. III, is only momentary, and it is again shifted, so fas to cut oif the admissionv of steam' in front'of the piston, while still maintainingconnnunication between the exhaust andtheportion of the cylinder 1n rear of the piston.' The momentum of the liquid "piston in the conduit 6is gradually checked by .thef'combined leffect of the resistance at the delivery end of the system, and the suction f'whichy isfbein'g exerted at, the intakel cont-rolled by 'one or vwhich is in front of the piston. AThe lcycle of yoperations then recurs.y The 'forward movement of the liquid piston, which has. beendescribed, dellvers thewater throu h the dischar e main A9, which, it willbe o served, nee not be provided with any delivery valve. Where, as indicated in Figs'. I, II, and III, an air chamber is employed,

such device acts in the ordinary manner.

The use of an ai'r chamber, as anl adjunct to the. system, though desirable, is, however, notl essential when the column of water whlch 1s to be pumped is relativelyf short,as

this 'column of liquid may then perform the 'functionsof the air chamber 8, which latter is intended to be typical of any forn'r of a.c cumulator, or device capable of absorbing and giving out energy.

The movementsof the steam piston should, of course,- be timed in proper relation to the movement, or rate of oscillation, of the liquid piston, which lastmentioned factor will depend upon the dimensions of said `liquid piston, 'and the pressure against which the pumping action takes place.

Furthermore one characteristic of 1n method, is found in the fact that the energy developed by the return stroke of the body of liquid, is utilized in the direction o fpe'rf forming a usefulworkfas distinguished from merely moving what may be considered as idle parts.

Since in any given case 'thenctuating force .0f the lprime medium is fixed, the pressure against-which the body of liquid is to `bc outwardly prfnelled is fixed, and the en- 'ergy which can' be utilized in useful work onthe prime. medium upon the return stroke 1s also fixed, unimportant factor in the securing of the maximum of efficiency and economy resides in the relation between the dimensions of that portion of the actuator which. 'directly acts upon the body of liquid and is re-acted upon by it, and the dimensions of that' portion of the actuator upon which thc prime medium acts and which 11e-acts upon the'prime medium.

In the diagrams just referred to, it will be noted that the cross, sectional area of the actuator; 4,' is very. considerably .le'ss than tht` cross ctional area of the piston 2, and by properly proportioning -the respective.

cross sectional areas of said' parts, the active liquid. Henciein earr'y'ingoutmy method,`

"atm

ontro'lled as to yiel in determining ferionf orny of operatoiidepends Aupon Wliet actuator islhvdl through()` ut the lfifhblel'ofi its return stroke byfthe re-aetionx of Jthe body j voi liquid alone,or is driv'enthrough a por. tion of itsreturn strokeby other means and i isl assisted bythe re-action of said body of while control of the quantity of the `primemediumfrnay' be" used tof compensate for minor variations in the pressure against Whichjthe actuatorni-akes its out-stroke, and i'vhile, elieiencnfmay be vaided by thus varys ingvtheapplication of power, the din ensions of the actuator must be proportionedto the pressure'against Whichyit is to Work.v F or example, it the mean xeffect-ive' pressure of thepriniemedlum, beJonehundred pounds 'per 'square inch, andy the pressurje" against Avvliieh the body of liquid is tobe'outwardly propelled' be eighty' pounds 'per' squarey inch,

andfif the' energy Wlrichl can be lutilizedvon "the return stroke vin useful Workfupon the ApruneIneduun'be equal to a mean-effective 4pressiir'e applied to said prime medium of "tiventy"`pouiicls"per square inch, then the ctional 'areafof that'pa-rt of the actu--` Y, lrielimaets up'onfthe bodly. of-liquid i' "should be .Inad'e about one-fourth of the vl Y g v f n l' tuator, upon'j Whchthe prime -medi'um-l acts.

fcross sectionalfareafthat'part of the' fac,-

Wifth thei' 4so proportioned (and disregerdirig 't'riction) twenty perfc'entfof the i Zinor liquid; es',

" energ'yf the yprune 4medium Willibe stored jfor utilization during' Ithe re'ti'u'n stroke in useful Work nthe prime medium, andl Eighty per, cenugoi said energy will be Iutilized: directly in' the discharge' and drawing Such 4being" a ytypical, outline 'of the geny'eral principle/of operation, "1^ Will no`vv proceed' to vdescribe a system adaptedto carry ment bing Shevn.y in Fiss .1V @ed V- In ,said lifigs.` lV land/V, 20l represents the 'end Qftlie'liquid piston conduit adjacent to the 'actuator mechanism", only the-latter `'being shown in ysaid5drawings", Said conduit 20, is

.providednvithfan enlarged chamberlQl, havg inga Ahoriz'dntal offset 252, which 'theinlet valvefQ, is' located. l'Said valve opens les upward and is preferably provided with, a 1 -slpring 25, exerting .downwardpressureh' indicated in the dotted linesv olf'Fig. KM vtlhe plunger 26, is externally packed', as shown lat 27, and is connectedby means of the rod 28, with th'e'power piston-29.'.v Theyeyliridegr 30, is of the usual constructioncharacteristic of typeqof .gas engipesLhevingfmlet and y y ing chambery@ prune medium on the returnL subdivisions valve, ,.(theVpQ '1, n f v.cylinder thus beeonnnb'areoni Cylinder i may a pre yvith a buiten-desineel, of rubber, tofassist in cushioning the' aiston, I The Contact deher fthe l `thezfgas pump, x 'Contact with theadjustable-rruts 36. l These4 -p'owerst roken tiling highly ber), and gasrnumningwd vices and 34, A`o theV igniting circuit, are mounted upon an adjustable block t35in proper ,relation to the: wiping elem-ent, cary ried by lthe ,piston` redder) that the sparkcan theel-rekel and adapted ,M

32, suitable interva devices may be of.` anyl character? vordinarily employed and fneed,r not befurther particularized.

' The cycle of operations,livhenfthis 4,pump

i mechanism and l prime,I mover are employed l nu@ @mf tureof airffandwgas cont( nedgin `the elear-` ance of theV cylinder v30, islignited ,Rapid` Acomlnistion,for explosion,follows,1 and the piston29,vand the vplunger 26 are driven forward at relatively` high velocity,impartarln 37, actuatfes to draw in autr before the dw r11." f t of yits. strokeitf un'cov 4.11, and vthe lburned gases. escape to vatmos- 'rrvdi 65%,@ thefsaewmp i bagna-nd Vjust r ache 'pheric pressure. Conlmunieation fis also af` '-Ufo'rded 'at the proper time, through the inlet port 40,4;0 permit ,the nntial.,entrance into.. 11G f the" cylinder,r ofy the partly Compressed charge of gas and air in,thatportionv of the stroke of theqaistdn @hisideeelerated andarrested, by theibaelfz pressuuep odueed within l the mixer, and fultimaitelnbythe buffer 12.

gas'engine has beeniattended by the forwardA actuationnf the liquid 'piston in the conduit 20, derived from the movement ofthe plun- 'gergQfn Y Said liquid piston delivers axcertain quantity of water aty the ydischarge end, dur-- :ingits forward' -1nove1nent, and upon the. 'deceleration-and arresting of the, plunger 26, draws in, afuetv decretionfioteniater,threugh the valve 23. vVhen the forwardmovement 11.@ Poner t. ontehame u rs vthe .exhaust port .ing similar movement t'o thewvater inthe` liquid; plstonconluit'tl-v As the piston29,. fapproachesf fthe; tend, otn

treks, the uninet of the 'liquid piston Within the conduit 20,

is arrested, and the return surge of pressurecommencesnthe. vvalve 23', Clses, and the re-action of-the'liquid piston upon the plungefr 26, drives the latterrearwardly, thus position and vcompressing the mingled charge o f air and gas behind itwhile drawling a fresh charge of gas and air into the vat; the kbeginning j and 52,` the water inlet A pipe. 53, is hollow ,and is actuated by means.

@withini-.a ring 55, carried'by diaphragm mixer, 1n preparation for the succeeding stroke` It will thus lbe seen that the liquid piston, lin this embodiment' of the system, attains a result generally similar to that which is performed by the fly wheel ordinarily used in connection with suchan internal combustion engine, such action'of` the liquid piston being in addition to its direct conveyance of a portion of its own contents to the deliveryend of\ the system and-.its action in drawing in a further accretion to its own contents atv the intakeend of said system.

Referring now to the remainin views, which indicate various alternate orms of actuator mechanism', Figs. VI and VII, show such pumping mechanism respectively stroke'. vIn' these ti ures, 5,0, indicates the end of the liquid piston conduit, which is` adjacentto the pumpin mechanism, 51, ber of said conduit, The plunger ing the enlarged cham o thepiston rod 54. Said plunger tits snugly l the annu ar 56, whichdivides the' chamber 51; A plurality of slots 57,'vv of;A greater len lh thanthe surface of said ring 5 5, are formed near the rear end of the,V plunger, Said slots'bein so positioned with reference tothe stroke t ereof, that: at the commencement of the forward stroke, they are in the lrear of'said 'ring butl at or.ner the conclusion of said. stroke, they straddle said ringl andv thus afford channels for the passa e of AWater from the inlet 'pipe 52, to the' ront end of the. chamber 51. In this device the valves, beforedescribed, for controlling the water 'inlet pipe 52,-are dispensed with.

Figs.. VIII and'I'X,sho w another form of device respectivelyl at the beginning and end of the power stroke. In this instance, a piston 60, isy used instead of a plunger, said piston fitting Awithin an'internal cylinder 61, contained of the liquid conduit 63. The cylinder (31,

projects rearwardly as shown, beyond the extremity -of .the chamber 62, and is proz vided with a plurality of openings 64, which lai'ord. communication between. the interior of the cylinder 61, and the annular'spvace 69, between it and the wall of the chamber 62.

The inlet pipe 66, for water communicates with -the rear end of thefcylinder 65,' and may be advantageously provided with an vair chainberti, located above the valve 68.

The longitudinal dimensions ofthe piston 60. are such that dui-ing a-larg'eportion of the stroke, it covers the openings (i4, and

only exposes them when it is approaching and en'd of the power -pipe 78,

within the' enlarged chamber 62,.I

poi-nt of delivery. Y lprovided with a plunger' 114, and the cham- `tlie end of i its forward stroke. At this 'period the deceleration and arresting of the piston stroke andthe continuance of the forward .movement of the liquid within the conduit, produce an area of low'pressuie in the region behind the piston 60, and water isl drawn inl through the -openings G4, The

air'chainbei'67, forms a useful adjunct of this device, ,the air therein being compressed upon the .return .movement of the piston 60.

In Fig. X, the pumping mechanism coin'- prises a 'piston 70, which fits snugly within the enlarged v chamber 71, of the conduit 72. The inlet pipe 73, for Water is arranged at a p ointin front of the .extreme forward position of the piston 70, and is provided with a valve .74, .which opens when the vmovement ofthe piston '70, is decelerated and arrested, so as to'permit the-entrance of water.

In Fig. XL a double acting plunger 80,

is shown, said plunger bein'g'arranged withl in an elongated'chamber 81, communicating withv two liquid conduits 82, and 83, respectively, at its opposite ends. Said chamber is divided into threeconi artments, by annular diaphragms-St, an l85, whose rings 86, and 87', fit snugly upon the plunger 80.

f The plunger is hollow, 'and is provided with two sets of slots respectively 'represented at `88 and 89,'the dimensions and positions of said lslots with relation to the diaphragm ,rings 86, and 87 being such that as the plunger lreciprocates communication shall be alternately established between the middlel compartment and the com artments at the respective ends of the cham v leads into the middlel compartment,

'and hence the pumping action takes place in onecondut upon the'l forward stroke of the piston, and within the other conduit upon its rearward stroke. f l."

In Fig. XII, the'enlarged chamber90, is connectedpat its respective ends withliquid piston` conduits 91 and 92, said chamber being centrally divided by means ofthe dialot phragm 93, andv ring 94, which latter 4may ladvantageouslybe provided with an elongated bushing cylinder 95, fitting snugliy's upon the plunger 96. At'the respective en o the chamber 90, are inlet pipes 97 and 98, respectively, provided respectively 4with valves 99,- and 100. In'ths form of device the pumping action is effected in one con'- duit'by the forward movement of the piston 'stroke and in the other conduit by the return movement thereof.

In Fig. XIII, two enlarged chambers 110,v

yand 111, lare shown, these chambers b eing separated from one another and communicating with separate conduits 112, and 113, respectively, which may ,unite ata common -The chamberf 110, i',

bei 111, witha similar plunger 115. The

100 r 81. The inlet l through valved openings 117,. with the chamber 110, and through si1nilar` val'ved to,the chamber 1,11. AThe place lalternatelyI in the respective conduits them through a venient manner.

i, It `willbe derlying principle of' my invention remains thesameyand 1 have shownand describedv them not with a View of limiting the scope of my inventiorl butinorder to indieatevto some extent the unity of tliemethod itself,

a feet, or cylinders operated on the Diesel, or

`notwithstanding the varietyA of actuators and their adjuncts which may be vemployed to carry it cit. y

`'F rom the foregoing description, those fatype o internal combustion engine in carrying out` this method of pumping, such as two four-stroke Gtto cycle cylinders `cou'- pled as a-unit togive `a two-stroke cycle ef# other cycle,` and to combine a'plurality of such. power cylinders with or without a plurality of pump pistons or plungers. ,ltv is also obvious thatv any `kind of fuel-applicable to the operation' otinternal combustionv engines may i such cylinders. .y

I am aware that it is not broadly new to utilize the momentum of: a column ofwater for storing. up and transmitting energy, or

for drawing in water at the intakeend of the ,system and expelling water. at the `de livery end after the cessation of movement of an actuating plungerf Sowiiarfas I am aware, however, I believe myself to be the first to utilize', the momentum of a'body ofliquid under the conditions described, in such' manner asto makeavailable the exjpensive force of the drivingmedium 'durv ing the power stroke, and to store energy to eiiect a return 'stroke of said body ofliquid and utilize said stored energy in` performing useful work 'upon theprime medium. t ,y

-I do not herein claim the-apparatus shown t i by the drawings and described in this specieation, as this has been lmade the subject.

`of anapplicatio'n tiled by me January 10th, 1912, Serial No. 670,413. VrV Y i {Ha/ving thus described my invention, l claimzy 1, The hereinbei'ore described method oi' pumping liquid, whichy consists in transmitting pressure to a confined body of liquid of greater length than diameter, yby means of an actuator driven directly by a'primaiy medium having high initial pressure and yoke, or in any other conobserved that with all these variousforms--of actuator mechanism, the un- 1 stantia'lly asset forth.

be used lin operating power stroke of relatively high velocity is imparted to saidubody Voit liquid while'the pressure of said medium is relatively high;

controllingv'the{quantitylo saidvr medium to ,i

permit the lexpansion'. thereof y down to relatively'` low pressure at the -endof the power stroke,- while permitting theffbodyl of y liquid to ymaintain relatively'high velocity during' said stroke;` permitting` the body of liquid to continue in motion afterJt-he actuator has come to rest and thereby creating a region liquid; and drawing in at said region of low pressure a new increment of liquid, suby 2. Thelhereinbefore 'described method of `pumping liquid, which consists in transmitting pressure to av confined body of liquid of greater length than diameter, by means jof an actuator driven directly by a primary miliar with the artwill be able to use any medium ,havingA high initial pressure and subsequent expansive force, whereby a `power stroke of lrelatively high velocity is impartedto said body of liquid while the pressure of said medium isrelativelyhigh; controlling-the quantityL of said medium to `permitthe expansion thereo` down to `relatively low pressure at the end of" the power.

stroke, while permitting ithe body of. liquid to maintaihrelatively highvelocity, during said stroke; permitting the body of liquid to continue `in motionafter theactuator has come to rest and thereby creating a region of low pressure in the vicinity of the actuator; discharging l`a portion of said body of liquid; drawing in at'said region. of lowv pressure a new increment of liquid; y

causing the power stored u p by said body of liquid `during the power stroke to `re-act upon the actuator and'to compress `a sucfl ceedingnew increment of the primary medium in preparation foi-.the next stroke thereof, substantially as set forth.

3; The hereinbefore described method ofpuniping liquid, Awhich consists in imparting motionotl relatively-high velocity to a body of liquid V interposed between an actuator and an accumulatonsaid actuator being" driven by means of a prime medium having high initial pressure and subsequent eXpansive force; controlling the quantity of said medium to permitfthe expansionthereof to relatively low pressure during the outstroke of said actuator; causing the outst-rokeand continued travel of said body `of liquidto 4discharge liquid and to store energy in said accumulator; permitting the body of liquid' t'o continue in mot-ion after the vend of the power stroke of said actuator and thereby creating a region oflow pressure in the vicinity of said actuator; drawing in a newv increment of liquid /at said region of low pressure; causing theA energy storedmin; Y

said accumulator to 'reactl upon said actuator i, of low pressurein"thevicinity .of the actuator.; discharging a portion of said body of iso Y i. mittd by the return Stroke of said actuator 6 1;o21,o38 y' and. upon the prime medium in .preparation In testimony whereof, I Ihave 4hercuilto forJthe--nekxt power stroke of smd actuator; ASigned my name at Philadelphia, Pennsyl- :md 'Controlling the quantity of energy trans- Vania. A

' THOMAS M. CHANCE.

in correspondence with the amount of power Witnesses: i required for performmg useful work uponl JAMES H, BELL, '-smd pr111'1e,1ned1u1n. V n A. REID.

Gol-ies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addresing the Commissionr of Patents.

Washington. D. C.

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