US1020686A - Governing mechanism for turbines. - Google Patents

Description

L. CUBBLIC.

GOVBRNING MECEANISM FOR TURBINES.

APFLIGATIOF FILED JUNE13,1911.

Patented Mar. 19, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2,

lhvertn'v Lvcubelic. bm Hsnilttorneg,

UNITED sTATEs PATENT OEEICE.

LUDWIG CUIBELIC, OF CHABLOTTENBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOB T0 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION 0F NEW YORK.

GOVERNING MECHA'NZISM FOB TURBINES.

Specication'of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 19,\1912.

Appncation med :une 1s, 1911. serial No. 632,922.

To all whom t 'ma concern Be it known t at I, LUDWIG CUBELIC, a subject of the King of Prussia, residing at Charlottenburg, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Governing Mechanism for Turbines, of which t-he following is a specification.

The present invention relates to governing mechanism for elastic-fluid turbines, which turbines, in addition to driving electric generators or other loads, supply steam for heating, cooking or other industrial purposes, said steam having given up a part of its energy in driving the turbine and had its pressure reduced to a relatively low value.

The object of the invention is to provide a governin mechanism of improved construction w ich will automatically maintain the pressure of the steam in the region of discharge from the turbine for said industrial purposes within very narrow limits, and this in a simple and reliable manner.

For a consideration of what I believe to be novel and my invention, attention is directed to the accompanying description and to the claims appended thereto.

In the accompanying drawing I have illustrated, in Figure 1, one of the embodiments of my invention as applied to a turbine, the parts of said mechanism being chiefly in vertical section, and in Fig. 2 is shown a partial axial section.

In the drawing is shown a turbine of suitable construction comprising one or more high pressure stages, portions or sections 1 and one or more low pressure stages, portions or sections 2, the latter having a conduit 3 discharging to a condenser 4, or other suitable exhaust.

5 indicates` a discharge conduit connected to some region in the turbine where the pressure is intermediate with (hat between the point of admission and thc exhaust4 It is to the maintaining ot' thc pressure in said region that my invention is directed. To this conduit is connected a pipe 6 for supplying steam for industrial purposes of various kinds. illustrated in the present embodiment of my invention the discharge conduit 5 receives its steam from an annular chamber located between what for convenience may be termed the high and the low pressure sections ot the turbine. l do not mean to imply b v this that there is necessarily a nicclianical separation of the partsV of the turbine but that the pressure in one portion or section is higher than that in another portion or section and that the steam for industrial purposes is taken from the chamber or region of constant pressure between said portions or sections.

8 indicates a rotor having suitable rows of venes or buckets 9 mounted on its periphery and running between other rows of varies or buckets as is customary in steam turblnes.

The-admission of steam to the low pressure section o f the turbine is controlled by one or more valves. For descriptive purposes these, may be called overfiow valves because they control the discharge of the overiow or excess steam to the low pressure portion of the turbine. In the present illusthe former being smaller than the latter to more closely regulate the flow of steam. These valves are exposed on one side to the pressure of the steam in the chamber 7 and on the other side to the pressure of the steam in thefannular chamber l2, the latter supplying steam to the buckets ot the low pressure rotor section 8. When these valves are closed no steam is permitted to pass to said section. Oli/the other hand, when the valves are open the fiow of steam is as indicated by the dotted line arrows. During the period that the valves 10 and 11` are open or closed steam may also fiow through the conduit 5 and pipe (i to the steam consuming devices. Each of the valves is provided with a motor for actuating it comprising a cylinder 13 and `a piston 14, the latter being connected by a rod 15 with the valve. Fluid under pressure is admitted to and exhausted from these motors by suitable pipes 16 and 17 extending to the left-hand motor, and by pipes 18 and 19 extending to the right-hand motor. The motors are controlled by a pilot valve that is common to both. This valve comprises a casing 2O and a piston valve 2l having suitable heads thereon which cover and uncover ports located in the sleeve 22, thc latter being moved up and down under certain conditions as will appear later. A fluid such as oil is admitted by the pipe 23 to the valve casing and exhausts by the pipe 24. iVith' the parts in the position shown f'luid under pressure from the pipc 23 can pass through the pipc 25 and ports and passages in the pilot valve tration two valves 10 and 11 areprovided, i

to the pipe 16, the latter eounnunicatin with the upper cylinder space of the lefthand motor. Fluid from the lower cylinder space of this piston exhausts by the pipe 17 and the ports and passages in the valve casing and pilot valve into the exhaust pipe-24. In order to a uafe the pilot valve that controls the motors, the latter moving the` Valves 10 and 11 in a manner to insure a constant pressure in the chamber or region 7 and conduit 5, a pressure-responsive device is provided comprising a cylinder QG `containing a movable piston or abutment 27. For convenience the piston and cylinder are associated with the discharge conduit but it isto be understood that they may be located elsewhere. rIhe main thing. is to so arrange the parts that the piston is suhjected to the pressure of the region from which steam is drawn. The underside of this piston is exposed to the pressure in the chamber 7 and conduit 5 and actingr in opposition to this` pressure is a compression Spring 2S that tends to hold the pistou in thc position shown. The tension of the spring can be. regulated by the nut 29 and screw 30, the former being provided with a gear 31 that mesheswith" a pinion 32. 'lhe pinion is mounted on a suitable shat't that can be turned by the hand wheel 33 when it is desired to increase or decrease the tension ot` the spring 2S. Motion from the piston Q7 is transmitted to the pilot valve 2l h v the rod 'l-tso that as the pistou rises and t'alls so also will the pilot valve` the latter serving to cover and uncover the various portsy located in its surrounding sleeve.

ln order to prevent overtra vel ot the regulating valves tt) and 11 in either the opening or closing direction, a mean.s is provided whereby such movements have a -moditied effect on the actioriVf thc pilot valve. To this end they stems of the regulating 'valve are connected by a rod 35 having fortis fifi at its ends` to receive collars on the alve stems which are so arranged that one valve may move independently of the other. The rod 35 is connected by a link 37 with the lever 38, the latter having a liked pivot 39.

The lever is connected to the sleeve; S22 sm'-,

rounding theV pilot. valve by linlcl which is shown in dotted lines.

The action of my improved governing mechanism is as follows: Assuming for ex,- ample that the pressure in the ehamberotl region 7 and in the conduit 5 connecting therewith is too high, the piston 27 will move upward and, in so doing carry with it the pilot valve causing the latter to uncover the port couuuuuicating with the. pipe 40, one off 1f) leadingr to the under lside of the pistou 1 of the right-hand motor` thc pipe ltl liv the saine action heim; placed iu communi cation with exhaust l)ipe Q-l4 This uicans l 7 through through the low lthe regulating;r valves l0 and .11.

that the valve 10, the smaller of the two regulating valves` will be opened and some of the steam will flow from the chamber the valve into.the chamber 12 and pressure section of the turbine. The opening movement of the valve 10 raisesthe right-hand end of the rod 15, the left-hand end pivoting on the stem 35. As the result of this the link 37 transmits motion to the lever 3S, and the latter in turn acting through the links 40 raises the sleeve 2Q surrounding the pilot valve` thereby closing the ports which had previously been opened hv the upward movement of said pilot valve. Similarly if the pilot valve causes the left-hand motor to operate, the rod 35 will move the sleeve Q2 up or down as the case ma)7 he to close the ports. Under most conditions of operation there -will be a subdivision of the steam between the conduit 5 leading to the steam heating devices and the low pressure portion of the turbine. The amount of steam passing to said ports will be dependent upon the load requirements.A then the devices using steam are cut out of service it is evident that all of the steam will then llow through the turbine and it will then function as any other turbine. Assuming that the pressure in the chamber 7 and conduit fi falls below a eertain value the regulating mechanism will first close one or both valves 10 and 11 and i it" pressure still continues to fall the turbine rotor will begin to slow down dueto a failure. of the steam supply. This slowing down'ot the rotor will cause its speed governor and the valve mechanism associated therewith to admit more steam to the high pressure end until the pressure in the chamber T is restored to normal, i. e.. to the pressure at which `it is desired to supply steam to the steam consuming devices. It. lWill thus he seen that the pilot valve which governs the regulating valves is dependent as to its position upon the pressure eiis'ting at the point or region where the turbine is tapped to extract steam` wh'le the position of the ported sleeve surrou'nr ing.r said valve is determined by the; existing positions of By' thus arranging the parts.` over ref'u ation both in increasing and decreasing hp passage of fluid from one portion` of the tin-bine to the; other is prevented.

My invention white applicable to turbines of various` lvinds will le found to he of eS-l pecial value with tho-'e ot the reaction type.y

l have not shown tlze s'peed governor and valve mechanism co trolled thwehy since it seem-4 unuecessar)` m view ,t that vl can use any` of the *.vell lcnown arrangements lor the purpose.

lu accordance with the provisions of the patcnt tatutesx l lune described the priuciple ol1 iteration of in v invention. together the tact 'with `the apparatus which I now Vconsider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative, and

that the invention 'can be .carried out by other-means. a

What I claim as new and desire to' secure by Letters Patent of the United States', is,- 1, :In combination, a turbine that is di- ;myiddintokstges, Ya conduit for conveyiiig steam from the turbine betweencer'tain yof its stages, avalve controlling the passage of fluid from one stage to another, a means sensitive to the steam pressureV in the conduit for controlling the action Vof the valve, and a device actuated by the valve for modifying the action of said means.

2. In combination, a turbine that is divided into stages, a conduit for conveying steam from the turbine between certain of its sta es, a valve controlling the passage of flui from one stage to another, a motor for actuating the valve, means sensitive to the presslire of the steam inthe conduit for 2li/controlling theact'ion of the motor, and means for preventing overtravel of the motor and valve.

5 3. In combination, a turbine that is divided into stages, a conduit for conveying steam from the turbine between certain of its sta es, a valve controlling the passage .of flui from one stage to another, a Huid motor for actuating the valve, a pilot valve controlling the motor, a means sensitive to pressure in the conduit for controlling the movements ofthe pilot valve, a ported niember that cooperates with the pilot valve, and means actuated by the movements of the valve for adjusting said member with 40 respect to the pilot valve.

4. In combination, a turbine wherein the pressure of the lluid decreases as it flows therethrough, a valve controlling the pus-` sage of fluid through the turbine at some in termediate region, a conduit that receives steam from said region on the side of the valve of higher pressure, a device responsive to the pressure existing in said region which controls the action of the valve, and a means movable with the valve that modities the action of the device and prevents oven travel of said valve.

5. n combination, a turbine wherein tho pressure of thc motive fluid decreases as it.

56 flows therethrough.I a valve regulating the passage of fluid through the turbine :it sono iiterlnediate point. n motor for artunting t c Valve, a controller for controlling llnf action of the motor. a conduit receiving iban! 60, rom u region in the turbine ndiurout the controlling valve, und n means ser tirr to pressure in said region that is connected lo und moves the controller. f3. ln combination. :i turbine nz; in lln-v pressureoi tlumotivr duid deer-i`lr` as il (controller, and a device movablejvit tlowsvtherethrougl'i, n vulve regulating the passage of fluid through the 'turbine at sonic intermediate point, n motor for actuating the valve, a controller for controllingl the action of the motor,l u conduit receiving fini-d from a regiolrin the turbine adjacent the controlling valve, afinea'iis sensitive `t'o pressure in Said region for actuatin" the It the vulve for modifying the action `of the-controller on the motor.

In combination, a turbine wherein the pressure of the motive fluid decreases 4'asnit flows therethrough, valves' regulating the passage of fluid 'through the turbine :it some intermediate region, a means common to and controlling the valves, a device responsive to changes iii pressure in said region :for actuating said valve controlling means, u device iiovublc with each of the valves foi modifying the action of the controlling means to prevent overtravel of said valves, and :t conduit receiving and carrying motive fluid away from the turbine under the control of tlie=.valves.

8. Ip combination, a turbine wherein the pressure of the motive fluid decreases as it flows therethrough, valves regulating the miss-age of fluid through the turbine at some intermediate region, motors for actuating the valves, a pilot valve common to and controllingr the action of the motors, u device, sensitive to the pressure existing in the region adjacent, the higher pressure sidc of the valves tor actuating the pilot vulve, u means acted upon by said valves to modify the action of the pilot vulve, and a conduit receiviurr and carrying motive fluid away from the turbine under the control of the vulves.

i). ln combination, a turbine wherein the pressure ot' the n'iotive fluid decreases as it fiovvs therethrough, a valve for regulating tbc flow ol fluid from one portion of the turbine to another. n means for actuatinv the vulve, a controller for the means, a ievice sensitive to pressure for moving the means,

n means for modifying the action of the controller, and a lever movable with the valve for transmitting, its motions to the said modifying means.

it). ln combination, a turbine wherein the pressure of the motive fluid decreases :is it tions therethrough, a vulve for regulating the flow of fluid fr 'u one portion of the turbinev to another, a motor for actuating the vuive. :l pilot vulve controlling the motor, a ported sleeve that surrouiuls the pilot vulve and cooperates therewith lo control the m0- lnr, and means for merluxnicully transmitting movements of thc regulating valve and 12b motor lo said ported sleeve.

Il. ln combination, u turbine wherein the pri-sure of tho motive fluid decreases as it flous therethrough, valves fo,- regulrfiiig the fion' of fluid from one portion of the 130 turbine to another, a conduit conveying Huid from the Vturbine on the side of the valve of higher pressure, a motor for actuating the valve, a pilot valve for controlling the motor, a device connected to the pilot valve and sensitive to the pressure of the Huid Howing through the conduit from the turbine, means for adjusting the effective ac tion of said device, and a ported sleeve-.for the pilot Avalve that is moved bythe motor.

12. In combination, a'turbine `wherein the pressure'of the motive fluid decreases as it Hows therethrough, valves for regulating the How of-Huid from one part of the turbine to another, conduit ineens conveying Huid from the turbine from the high lres-` said device to prevent overtravelof the valves.

In Witness whereof, I havehereunto set my hand this twenty-seventh day of May,

LUDWIG CUBELC.

Witnesses: g

FRIEDRIC J. GAUGERT, OTTO SCHMIDT.

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