US10170940B2 - Wireless power transfer system - Google Patents
Wireless power transfer system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US10170940B2 US10170940B2 US15/146,851 US201615146851A US10170940B2 US 10170940 B2 US10170940 B2 US 10170940B2 US 201615146851 A US201615146851 A US 201615146851A US 10170940 B2 US10170940 B2 US 10170940B2
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- load resistance
- inverter
- switching device
- resonant
- switching
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010753 BS 2869 Class E Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010754 BS 2869 Class F Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
-
- H02J7/025—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
i o(ωt)=I m sin(ωt+ϕ) (1)
-
- where Im is the output current's magnitude and ϕ is its phase. It is assumed that switch is on for the
period 0<ωt<2πD and off for the period 2πD<ωt<2π. Beginning with the series tuning circuit network, its current is given by equation (2):
- where Im is the output current's magnitude and ϕ is its phase. It is assumed that switch is on for the
where (3), (4), (5):
and the coefficients A2 and B2 are to be determined based on the equation's boundary conditions. The boundary conditions are determined from the current and voltage continuity conditions when the switch turns on and off. Parameter p is referred to as the loading parameter. The current in capacitor C1 is given by equation (6):
where (8):
and (9):
-
- 1. Constant output AC current
-
- 2. Constant switching at zero-voltage
β(2π)=0 over p. (16)
-
- 1. Long range IPT. This scenario entails a single large transmit coil powering a number of mobile devices such as wireless sensor nodes in a large room at distances of, for example, up to around 10 m. In order to achieve the maximum range it is important for the transmit coil to generate the highest permissible magnetic field within ICNIRP limits. This magnetic field stays constant independent of the number or location of receiver devices and will not be affected by changes in the local environment. For example the power available to one device is not reduced because another device has moved closer to the transmit coil. The present inverter enables this without additional control overhead. Furthermore power throughput control can be achieved simply by receiver load variation without affecting the operation of the transmitter.
- 2. Mid-range MHz IPT. This scenario entails high Q coils coupled weakly. The transmitted magnetic field can be kept constant as the receive coil moves further from the transmit coil, again enabling the range to be maximised without addition control to prevent exceeding the ICNIRP limits. Power throughput control can again be achieved simply by receiver load variation (at the expense of some link efficiency).
- 3. Short range IPT. In a closely coupled system the magnetic field strength is strongly determined by both coils and therefore simply controlling the primary coil current is not in general enough to keep the magnetic field strength constant to remain within ICNIRP limits. However such a system can be designed in such a way that changes in receiver load have minimum effect on the receiver coil current (for a small loss in link efficiency). In this scenario, power throughput control could be achieved simply through load variation and the magnetic field would remain almost constant.
φrec=π+2π(1−D)−φo (20)
where φo is the solved value for the phase of the output current for the inverter referenced to the positive edge of the switching signal and D is the duty cycle of the switch.
-
- 1. A power inverter for driving a transmitter coil in an inductive power transfer system, wherein the inverter is suitable for class ‘E’ operation, is arranged to drive a load resistance, and comprises:
- a switching device arranged between a power source and ground and arranged to switch at a switching frequency; and
- a resonant network arranged in parallel with the switching device between the power source and ground, the resonant network having a resonant frequency which is a non-integer multiple of the switching frequency, such that, in operation, a substantially constant current passes through the load resistance.
- 2. The inverter of
item 1, wherein a first node of the switching device is coupled to ground, a second node of the switching device is coupled via a first inductor to a DC supply voltage, and a third node of the switching device is used to switch the switching device on and off. - 3. The inverter of
item 1 or item 2, wherein a first capacitor is coupled in parallel with the switching device between the power source and ground. - 4. The inverter of any preceding item, wherein the resonant network comprises a resonant circuit, the resonant circuit comprising a second inductor and a second capacitor.
- 5. The inverter of any preceding item, wherein the load comprises the resistance of a transmitter coil.
- 6. The inverter of any preceding item wherein the load resistance comprises the resistance of at least one receiver coil.
- 7. The inverter of any preceding item wherein the value of the load resistance can vary.
- 8. The inverter of any preceding item, wherein the non-integer multiple is preferably between 1 and 2, is more preferably between 1.5 and 1.65, and is even more preferably equal to 1.5.
- 9. The inverter of any preceding item, wherein a third capacitor and a third inductor are coupled in series with the load resistance.
- 10. The inverter of any preceding item, wherein the inverter is arranged to maintain zero-voltage-switching operation.
- 11. A method of fabricating a power inverter for driving a transmitter coil in an inductive power transfer system, wherein the inverter is suitable for class ‘E’ operation, is arranged to drive a load resistance, and the method comprises:
- arranging a switching device between a power source and ground;
- arranging the switching device to switch at a switching frequency;
- arranging a resonant network in parallel with the switching device between the power source and ground;
- arranging the resonant network to have a resonant frequency which is a non-integer multiple of the switching frequency, such that, in operation, a substantially constant current passes through the load resistance.
- 12. The method of item 11, wherein the inverter is an inverter according to any of items 1-10.
- 13. The inductive power transfer system of item 12, wherein the load further comprises a receiver coil spaced from the transmitter coil, the receiver coil being comprised within a receiver circuit arranged to receive power via inductive power transfer from the transmitter circuit.
- 14. A rectifier for receiving an AC signal from a receiver coil in an inductive power transfer system, wherein the rectifier is suitable for class ‘E’ operation, is arranged to drive a load resistance, and comprises:
- a switching device arranged between a power source and the load resistance and arranged to switch at a switching frequency; and
- a resonant network having a resonant frequency which is a non-integer multiple of the switching frequency and arranged such that, in operation, a substantially constant current passes through the load resistance.
- 15. The rectifier of item 14, wherein the non-integer multiple is preferably between 1 and 2, is more preferably between 1.5 and 1.65, and is even more preferably equal to 1.5.
- 16. The rectifier of item 14 or item 15, wherein the power source comprises a receiver coil.
- 17. An inductive power transfer system comprising a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit, the transmitter circuit comprising:
- the inverter of any of
items 1 to 10; and - the rectifier of items 14-16.
- the inverter of any of
- 18. The inductive power transfer system of item 17, wherein the respective non-integer multiples of the switching frequencies of the inverter and rectifier are equal.
- 19. The inductive power transfer system of item 17 or item 18, wherein the rectifier resistance load further comprises a receiver coil spaced from the transmitter coil, the receiver coil being comprised within a receiver circuit arranged to receive power via inductive power transfer from the transmitter circuit.
- 20. A method of fabricating a rectifier for receiving an AC signal from a receiver coil in an inductive power transfer system, wherein the rectifier is suitable for class ‘E’ operation, is arranged to drive a load resistance, the method comprising:
- arranging a switching device between a power source and the load resistance;
- arranging the switching device to switch at a switching frequency; and
- arranging a resonant network having a resonant frequency which is a non-integer multiple of the switching frequency, such that, in operation, a substantially constant current passes through the load resistance.
- 21. The method of
item 20, wherein the rectifier is the rectifier of any of items 15-17. - 22. An inverter, system, transmitter circuit, and/or receiver circuit, substantially as described herein with reference to the drawings.
- 1. A power inverter for driving a transmitter coil in an inductive power transfer system, wherein the inverter is suitable for class ‘E’ operation, is arranged to drive a load resistance, and comprises:
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/146,851 US10170940B2 (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2016-05-04 | Wireless power transfer system |
ES17723744T ES2810819T3 (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2017-05-04 | Wireless Power Transfer System |
EP17723744.3A EP3453099B1 (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2017-05-04 | Wireless power transfer system |
CA3023069A CA3023069C (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2017-05-04 | Wireless power transfer system |
CN201780042125.2A CN109417312B (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2017-05-04 | Wireless power transmission system |
DK17723744.3T DK3453099T3 (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2017-05-04 | WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM |
PCT/GB2017/051249 WO2017191459A1 (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2017-05-04 | Wireless power transfer system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/146,851 US10170940B2 (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2016-05-04 | Wireless power transfer system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20170324277A1 US20170324277A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
US10170940B2 true US10170940B2 (en) | 2019-01-01 |
Family
ID=58709497
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/146,851 Active 2036-10-03 US10170940B2 (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2016-05-04 | Wireless power transfer system |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10170940B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3453099B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109417312B (en) |
CA (1) | CA3023069C (en) |
DK (1) | DK3453099T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2810819T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017191459A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111064283A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-04-24 | 西南交通大学 | Wireless energy transfer dynamic performance optimization method based on model predictive control |
Families Citing this family (8)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US10258142B2 (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2019-04-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Toothbrush with sensors |
GB201808844D0 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2018-07-11 | Imperial Innovations Ltd | Wireless power transmission system and method |
US11569690B2 (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2023-01-31 | Etherdyne Technologies, Inc. | Series distributed radio frequency (RF) generator for use in wireless power transfer |
CN110350781B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-06-26 | 北京交通大学 | Non-resonance soft switching circuit based on capacitance branch circuit |
CN110445262B (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2021-01-15 | 厦门大学 | Low-voltage stress wireless energy transmitting device for realizing soft switching by utilizing third harmonic |
US11817834B2 (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2023-11-14 | Solace Power Inc. | High frequency wireless power transfer system, transmitter, and receiver therefor |
CN112994632A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-18 | 上海科技大学 | E-type circuit design method irrelevant to load change |
JP2024037070A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2024-03-18 | オムロン株式会社 | Wireless power transmission system, wireless power transmission circuit, and wireless power receiving circuit |
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2016
- 2016-05-04 US US15/146,851 patent/US10170940B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-05-04 WO PCT/GB2017/051249 patent/WO2017191459A1/en unknown
- 2017-05-04 CN CN201780042125.2A patent/CN109417312B/en active Active
- 2017-05-04 EP EP17723744.3A patent/EP3453099B1/en active Active
- 2017-05-04 CA CA3023069A patent/CA3023069C/en active Active
- 2017-05-04 ES ES17723744T patent/ES2810819T3/en active Active
- 2017-05-04 DK DK17723744.3T patent/DK3453099T3/en active
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111064283A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-04-24 | 西南交通大学 | Wireless energy transfer dynamic performance optimization method based on model predictive control |
CN111064283B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-11-02 | 西南交通大学 | Wireless energy transfer dynamic performance optimization method based on model predictive control |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3453099A1 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
CA3023069C (en) | 2023-11-07 |
CN109417312B (en) | 2022-07-26 |
EP3453099B1 (en) | 2020-05-13 |
ES2810819T3 (en) | 2021-03-09 |
US20170324277A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
CN109417312A (en) | 2019-03-01 |
DK3453099T3 (en) | 2020-08-10 |
WO2017191459A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
CA3023069A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
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