US1016845A - Cross-tie. - Google Patents
Cross-tie. Download PDFInfo
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- US1016845A US1016845A US63070411A US1911630704A US1016845A US 1016845 A US1016845 A US 1016845A US 63070411 A US63070411 A US 63070411A US 1911630704 A US1911630704 A US 1911630704A US 1016845 A US1016845 A US 1016845A
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- Prior art keywords
- pockets
- tie
- walls
- concrete
- rail
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
- E01B3/28—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone
- E01B3/32—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone with armouring or reinforcement
Definitions
- This; invention relates to railroad eros.
- the enlarged portions or pockets have thev saine height and width as the cross-tie they are not covered with the conc-rete forming the body of the tie, but. separate the saine 0 into three sections: one, section fillingtht ⁇ .d spaee between the. pockets, and a. section extending from each poekotto the end ol the cross-tie.
- Thel strengthening bar tendS between the. pockets and from each poelt'aft toward the ends of the tie and serves pockets or enlarged )ortions and thereby torni a btrong, righi and time resisting structure.
- inlo ivliieh poel-:ets or ehamhers ⁇ are inserted hloelihi -l of nood or other suitable.
- the rails from rising' and movingr laterally from beneath the lips 2, 'lhese lips and ribs ⁇ assist the spikes to hold. the railsl and relieves said spikes from a portion of the, strain and resitanee to n'hieh they are ordinarily subjected.
- camber rods may vary according to requirements, two being shown on the upper side of the tie and two on thc lower side in tlul present construction.
- Other strengthening rods 1l extend longitudinally ol' the tic from near one end to the other. These rodsy pass through perfora tions l2 parallel with the perforations i' in the top and lmltom walls ⁇ oll the poeliets hut are nur lastemal thereto. Their ends are h v preference bent upon themselves to form hooks or loops 13.
- the strengthening member l with its camber rods 8 and tic rods 11 are placed in a suitable mold, and the latter filled with a concrete cement which is packed around the central web of the strengthening inember and the tie rods 8 and 11. Openings 22 may be formed in the web of the member 1 to be filled with concrete for more firmly binding together the concrete on opposite sides. These openings, however,'may be omitted.
- the tie is removed from the mold and )resents the appearance shown in the drawings, the top and ends of the enlarged portions or pockets being exposed and flush with the respective parts of the cross-tie. Below the enlarged portions or pockets 2 there is a layer of concrete 15 which serves to strengthen the tie and bind together the sections of concrete on opposite sides of each pocket.
- This additional layer of concrete may, however, be omitted, as shown in Fig. 7, thus exposing the bottoms of the portions or pockets 2.
- the concrete structure of the tie is divided into three sections, 15, 16 and 17, the sectin 15 extending between the pockets 2 and scctions 16 and 17 from the pockets to the ends of the tie. Said ends are preferably finished by a layer of cement v18.
- the cross-tie is preferably, though not necessarily, made wider and thicker in the middle than at its ends, and as representedv in the drawings, the sides of the tie taper gradually from the center toward each end while "the top and bottom of the tie may be parallel as in Fig. 2, convexly curved between the pockets and arallel from the pockets to the ends, as in gig. 7, or even of less width at the center than at the ends.
- the strengthening member including the central web, the enlarged portions or pockets 2, and the end portions 1a may be and preferably are an integral casting ofiron'or steel,
- central web 19 is a separate cast-ing having end flanges which are -bolted as shown to the pockets 2, each of which is also a separate casting.
- the enlarged portions or pockets 2 are shape as represented in the drawings, to provide the slight amount of resiliencyy found necessary in all cross-ties to prevent the destruction of the rails and rollingr stoel", which results when a perfectly rigid rail support is employed. 'lo prevent the blocks ⁇ being dri ⁇ en through the pockets and to limit the surface of the blocks exposed to lla. ⁇ elements, one end of earh pocket is clos-ed by a wall l0 having a lsmall aperture 2l into which may be inserted any ⁇ suitable tool for driving out the block when the latter is to be replaced by a new block.
- a composition tie comprising a concrete body having a metallic strengthening member embedded therein, said member having pockets formed at the ends thereof, cushion blocks in said pockets surrounded on all sides by the Walls of said pockets, one of the walls of each pocket constitutin a bearing for a rail, and tie rods extendmg between said pockets. l .3.
- a composition tie comprising aI concrete body having a metallic strengthening member embedded therein, said member pro vided with pockets at the ends thereof and integral therewith, and cushioning blocks in said pockets surrounded on all sides by the walls of said pockets, one of the walls of eaclh pocket constituting a bearing for a rai 4.
- a composition tie comprising a concrete body having a metallic strengthening member embedded therein, said member provided with 4pockets adjacentthe ends thereof, and cushion blocks in said pockets surrounded on all sides and one end by the walls of said pockets, one of the walls of each pocket constituting abearing for a rail.
- a composition tie comprising a concrete body, having a metallic strengthening member embedded therein, said member having ⁇ pockets formed adjacent the ends thereof and integral therewith, and cushion blocks in said pockets surrounded on all sides and one end by the Walls of said pockets, one of the Walls of each pocket constituting a bearing for a rail.
- a composition tie formed of a plurality of concrete sections and interposed metal sections, and a metal strengthening member integral with the metal sections.' embedded in the concrete sections of said body for binding the sa'ne together.
- composition tie comprising a eonerete body having metallic rail supporting members ⁇ embedded in and adjaeeut the. ends thereof, said members having pockets formed therein. and cushion blorlis in said pockets surrounded ou all sides b v the, wallsl ot .said pockets. ⁇ one ol' the. walls ol eaeh )ocltet constitutingr a bearing for a rail.
- a composition tie.y comprising a con 19 crete body haring ⁇ metallic rail supporting members elnbedded in and adjacent the ends ⁇ thereof, said members having pockets formed therein, cushion blocks in said pockets surrounded on all sides by the walls oi:
- each pocket constituting a bearings,r for a rail, and a metallic web connecting said pockets.
- a comliosition tie comprising a concrete body having metallic rait supportingr 20 members embedded in and adjacent the ends thereof, said members having pockets formed thei'ein, cushion blocks in said poele ets surrounded on all sides by the walls of said pockets, one of the walls ot" each pocket;
- a composition tie con'iprising a concrete body having a metallic strengthening 3o member embedded therein, said member having pockets orn'ied therewith near the ends thereof, and cushion blocks in said pockets surrounded on all but one side by the walls of said pockets ⁇ one of' the walls of each pocket constituting' a bearing for the rail, said walls havin;r apertures therein for the rail fastening spikes.
- a composition tie comprising?r a cont-rete body having a metallic strengthening 40 member embedded therein, said member having pockets formed therewith near the ends thereof, cushion blocks in said pockets, the walls thereof surrounding said blocks on all sides and one end, one of said pocket walls constituting a bearing for the rail, the closed end of each pocket being provided with an aperture through which to pass a block expelling tool.
- a composition tie comprising a body having a central section and two end sections of concrete, metal rail supporting members bet-Ween the sections. a metallic strengthening member embedded in said eentral section and Vconnecting the. rail supportingP members, and a projection on each rail supporting member embedded in the adjacent end section.
- a com position said body composed of a central section and two end section". of concrete, a. metallic 'rounded on all sides and one end by the tie, comprising a body,
- 'concrete tie ⁇ comprising a bod having a metalli(l strengtlit-uint; member embedded therein, .said member ha ving poehy ets formed near the ends thereot', the top and bottom walls of whivh are'transversely pel'- forated, longitudinal rodsexteudintrbetu een said pockets and .seated in said perforation, and cushion blocks tightlv titled in said pocliets the top wallsl ot' said poele-tsV ronstituting;i bearixngsl tor the rails,
- a concrete tie comprising a bod)-v having?r a metallic ⁇ strenlbenintr member embedded therein and provided with poeltetsy formed near the. ends thereof, said pockets being tlush with the. sides of the tie and havinfnr transverse perforations in their upper and lower faces, rods extending; longitudi nally of the tie between the pockets seated in. said perforations and fastened to said pockets, other longitudinal rods havingr bent.
- ends tazleiulilig,r from end to end of the tie also seated in perfor-ations in said peck ets, and a cushion block in each pocket surrounded on all sides and one end by the alls of the pocket, one of said walls serving as a bearing for a. rail.
- a concrete tie comprising a bodlv having,r a metallic strengthening member and tie rods embedded therein, said member having pockets formed near the ends thereof with perforatious to receive said rods, and a cushion block in each of said pockets closely fittingr the walls of the same, one ot' which walls serves as a bearing for a rail.
- a composition tie comprising a body formed of a central section and two end sections of concrete, a metallic strengthening member and tie rods embedded in said central section, a rail supporting member integral with the strengthening member disposed between the central concrete section and each end section, said rail supporting members having pockets therein open at one end only, their opposite ends being closed by a wall having an aperture therein, cushion blocks titted into said pockets, and projections on the outer sides of-thc rail supportingI member embedded in the concrete end sections of the tie.
- a composition tie comprising a body formed of a central section and two end sections of concrete, a metallic strengthening member and tie rods embedded in said central section, a rail supporting member integral with the strengthening member disposed -bet ⁇ ve.en the central concrete section and each end section, said rail supporting members having'g' pockets therein o cned at one end only, their oppositwenfs being closed by a wall having an aper- 1re therein,
Description
L. C. MONBY.
CROSS TIE.
APPLmA'rroH FILED .1min 1, 1911.
Patented Feb. 6, 1912.
2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.
L. C. MOONEY.
GROSS TIE.
PPLIOATI!! FILED JUNE 1, 1911. 6,845, Patented Feb. 6, 1912.
2 SHEETS-SHEET 2. 'EI E L L .f to hind the couerete, sections to the metal UNITED STATES PATEN'I. (,)FFICE LAWRENCE C. MOONEY, OF MONTGOMERY, A'EABAMA.
CROSS-TIE.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Feb. 6,1912.
Application filed June 1,-1911. Serial No. 630.7114.
2" zZ/ :clio/'n if may Concern:
lie it known that, l, LAWRENCE C. Mooxm', a citizen of the United States, residing' al illon[gioni-3.11-5 in the county of lll'ontgonierv h and State, of 'Xlalniiiia.y have` invented new ann' nia-ful 11n]nove1ne1n.-; in (llos'S-lie?, ot .vhieh the following' is a speeitieatiou.
This; invention relates to railroad eros.
A hlm-luY ot. wood or other suitable material capable of holdinfr the rail spikes which are driven thereunto through holes formed in the top ofsaid enlarged'portions. As
the enlarged portions or pockets have thev saine height and width as the cross-tie they are not covered with the conc-rete forming the body of the tie, but. separate the saine 0 into three sections: one, section fillingtht` .d spaee between the. pockets, and a. section extending from each poekotto the end ol the cross-tie. Thel strengthening bar tendS between the. pockets and from each poelt'aft toward the ends of the tie and serves pockets or enlarged )ortions and thereby torni a btrong, righi and time resisting structure.
'.In order to fully understand the inven f t'ntloii, reference may he had to the accompanying drawings 'forming a part of this spymtieatwn, 1n wlneh- ...Figure 1 1s a plan vlew of the cross-taie.
'45 Enf. 2.55 a vertleal longitudinal sectional fview taken on .the line 2 2 ofy Fig 1. Fig.
a perspeetwe View of the s treng gthening;v (ii-. :i'eixxfoi'eilig member, Fig. 4`s a vert'ieal transverse sectional. view on the line 4- it of Fig. 1, enlarged. Fig. 5 is a-horiviontalrserf.
.tional view, the left. half beingtaken partial` otjfthe line of Figi 2. Fig. (i is a vie oi apnodieatxon ofi?.l strengthening -or reinplane of the line c and the right' hal f forcing;A Il'lenlber. Vlg'. i is. :l wlw vlevation ol' the improved tie inning; moved upper and lower fares.
Lilie ret'ereiu'u ebararter.k are uned to inA diente the sami' parta in all thtt figures.
.lu the dravniga. the runnen-a1 l indieates- 1 a strengthening nieneber inath of metal in the forni ol4 a flat horifnalta! plate, near each end ol' whieh is au e|.l.-\" 'rd portion i. projeeting above and helon the fares ot' the plate and laterally litvond its edges. 'l'liese enlarged portions L' are made holloul to forni horizontal ehanlla-rs or poelietl I open .t one end. as Shown in Figs. 3 and 4, inlo ivliieh poel-:ets or ehamhers` are inserted hloelihi -l of nood or other suitable. material capable ot' holding rail Spikes when driven thereiuto. Thi-se blocks prel`- erahlv lill the poelielal Ii and eontaet on all `sides with the walls thereof, [he hloeks in fart. being: driven into the poekets so as.
to tit tightl)l therein. larged portions` Q serve. as hearings for the rails ivhieh are .aeeured thereon by l:spikes driven through holes 5 formed in the top wall ot' the poeh-ets 'into the wooden blocks 4. The rails arel held to proper gage. by means of flanges or ovm-hanging` lips 2 projeeting' upwardly from the. top of the portions 2 under whieh one edge of the basel tlauge of the rails is inserted. Small ribs 2", spaced from (the lips 2 engage. with the, opposite. edges of the hase tlanges and prevent. the rails from rising' and movingr laterally from beneath the lips 2, 'lhese lips and ribs` assist the spikes to hold. the railsl and relieves said spikes from a portion of the, strain and resitanee to n'hieh they are ordinarily subjected. 'lhe ends l of the stwngthening` nieluher projeet a short distanza' from the enlarged portion# toward the end.`l ot' the tie and are preferablv formed with lateral tlangea` or T- ahaped heads l, as .shown in lbe lra\vin r.` for the` Vpurpose of binding and anchoring the coni-rein forming' the lie ends closely to said lneinher.
Perforatious T lare formed in the enla rged portions or poelietl 2 nea-r the top and hottoin walls of the.` :fante and transverewly thereof, butV longitudinally of the tie, inl which perforations are Seated eauiber rodS 'lhe top o1" the. en-
S extending from ono pocket 2 to the other and fastened in 'position -by means of nuts Si screwed on the ends of said rods against l preferably mafie of substantially hexagonal the sides of the pockets or, when the pockets incline as in the drawings, against lugs 10. The number of camber rods may vary according to requirements, two being shown on the upper side of the tie and two on thc lower side in tlul present construction. Other strengthening rods 1l extend longitudinally ol' the tic from near one end to the other. These rodsy pass through perfora tions l2 parallel with the perforations i' in the top and lmltom walls` oll the poeliets hut are nur lastemal thereto. Their ends are h v preference bent upon themselves to form hooks or loops 13.
The strengthening member l with its camber rods 8 and tic rods 11 are placed in a suitable mold, and the latter filled with a concrete cement which is packed around the central web of the strengthening inember and the tie rods 8 and 11. Openings 22 may be formed in the web of the member 1 to be filled with concrete for more firmly binding together the concrete on opposite sides. These openings, however,'may be omitted. After the material has hardened the tie is removed from the mold and )resents the appearance shown in the drawings, the top and ends of the enlarged portions or pockets being exposed and flush with the respective parts of the cross-tie. Below the enlarged portions or pockets 2 there is a layer of concrete 15 which serves to strengthen the tie and bind together the sections of concrete on opposite sides of each pocket. This additional layer of concrete may, however, be omitted, as shown in Fig. 7, thus exposing the bottoms of the portions or pockets 2. By this construction the concrete structure of the tie is divided into three sections, 15, 16 and 17, the sectin 15 extending between the pockets 2 and scctions 16 and 17 from the pockets to the ends of the tie. Said ends are preferably finished by a layer of cement v18. The cross-tie is preferably, though not necessarily, made wider and thicker in the middle than at its ends, and as representedv in the drawings, the sides of the tie taper gradually from the center toward each end while "the top and bottom of the tie may be parallel as in Fig. 2, convexly curved between the pockets and arallel from the pockets to the ends, as in gig. 7, or even of less width at the center than at the ends.
The strengthening member including the central web, the enlarged portions or pockets 2, and the end portions 1a may be and preferably are an integral casting ofiron'or steel,
but it may be made in sections, as shown in- Fig. 6, wherein the central web 19 is a separate cast-ing having end flanges which are -bolted as shown to the pockets 2, each of which is also a separate casting.
The enlarged portions or pockets 2 are shape as represented in the drawings, to provide the slight amount of resiliencyy found necessary in all cross-ties to prevent the destruction of the rails and rollingr stoel", which results when a perfectly rigid rail support is employed. 'lo prevent the blocks` being dri\en through the pockets and to limit the surface of the blocks exposed to lla.` elements, one end of earh pocket is clos-ed by a wall l0 having a lsmall aperture 2l into which may be inserted any `suitable tool for driving out the block when the latter is to be replaced by a new block.
Having thus described the invention what is claimed as new iss 1. A composition tie, comprising a concrete body having a metallic strengthening member embedded therein, said member having pockets formed at the ends thereof, and cushion blocks in said pockets surrounded on all sides by the Walls of said pockets, one of the walls of each pocket constituting a bearing for a rail.
2. A composition tie, comprising a concrete body having a metallic strengthening member embedded therein, said member having pockets formed at the ends thereof, cushion blocks in said pockets surrounded on all sides by the Walls of said pockets, one of the walls of each pocket constitutin a bearing for a rail, and tie rods extendmg between said pockets. l .3. A composition tie, comprising aI concrete body having a metallic strengthening member embedded therein, said member pro vided with pockets at the ends thereof and integral therewith, and cushioning blocks in said pockets surrounded on all sides by the walls of said pockets, one of the walls of eaclh pocket constituting a bearing for a rai 4. A composition tie, comprising a concrete body having a metallic strengthening member embedded therein, said member provided with 4pockets adjacentthe ends thereof, and cushion blocks in said pockets surrounded on all sides and one end by the walls of said pockets, one of the walls of each pocket constituting abearing for a rail.
5. A composition tie, comprising a concrete body, having a metallic strengthening member embedded therein, said member having `pockets formed adjacent the ends thereof and integral therewith, and cushion blocks in said pockets surrounded on all sides and one end by the Walls of said pockets, one of the Walls of each pocket constituting a bearing for a rail..
6. A composition tie formed of a plurality of concrete sections and interposed metal sections, and a metal strengthening member integral with the metal sections.' embedded in the concrete sections of said body for binding the sa'ne together.
7. composition tie, comprising a eonerete body having metallic rail supporting members` embedded in and adjaeeut the. ends thereof, said members having pockets formed therein. and cushion blorlis in said pockets surrounded ou all sides b v the, wallsl ot .said pockets.` one ol' the. walls ol eaeh )ocltet constitutingr a bearing for a rail.
8. A composition tie.y comprising a con 19 crete body haring` metallic rail supporting members elnbedded in and adjacent the ends` thereof, said members having pockets formed therein, cushion blocks in said pockets surrounded on all sides by the walls oi:
lsaid pockets, one of the walls of each pocket constituting a bearings,r for a rail, and a metallic web connecting said pockets.
9. A comliosition tie, comprising a concrete body having metallic rait supportingr 20 members embedded in and adjacent the ends thereof, said members having pockets formed thei'ein, cushion blocks in said poele ets surrounded on all sides by the walls of said pockets, one of the walls ot" each pocket;
constituting a bearing for a rail, and a metallic web connecting said members and integral therewith.
10. A composition tie, con'iprising a concrete body having a metallic strengthening 3o member embedded therein, said member having pockets orn'ied therewith near the ends thereof, and cushion blocks in said pockets surrounded on all but one side by the walls of said pockets` one of' the walls of each pocket constituting' a bearing for the rail, said walls havin;r apertures therein for the rail fastening spikes.
11. A composition tie, comprising?r a cont-rete body having a metallic strengthening 40 member embedded therein, said member having pockets formed therewith near the ends thereof, cushion blocks in said pockets, the walls thereof surrounding said blocks on all sides and one end, one of said pocket walls constituting a bearing for the rail, the closed end of each pocket being provided with an aperture through which to pass a block expelling tool..
1Q. A composition tie, comprising a body having a central section and two end sections of concrete, metal rail supporting members bet-Ween the sections. a metallic strengthening member embedded in said eentral section and Vconnecting the. rail supportingP members, and a projection on each rail supporting member embedded in the adjacent end section.
V13. A com position said body composed of a central section and two end section". of concrete, a. metallic 'rounded on all sides and one end by the tie, comprising a body,
waits of said pockets, one of the walls ot' each pocket constitutingA a bearing t'or a rail, and a projection on the outer walls ot the porltets embedded in said end set-tions` to bind them to the ventral set-tion.
t4. 'concrete tie` comprising a bod having a metalli(l strengtlit-uint; member embedded therein, .said member ha ving poehy ets formed near the ends thereot', the top and bottom walls of whivh are'transversely pel'- forated, longitudinal rodsexteudintrbetu een said pockets and .seated in said perforation, and cushion blocks tightlv titled in said pocliets the top wallsl ot' said poele-tsV ronstituting;i bearixngsl tor the rails,
15. A concrete tie, comprising a bod)-v having?r a metallic `strenlbenintr member embedded therein and provided with poeltetsy formed near the. ends thereof, said pockets being tlush with the. sides of the tie and havinfnr transverse perforations in their upper and lower faces, rods extending; longitudi nally of the tie between the pockets seated in. said perforations and fastened to said pockets, other longitudinal rods havingr bent. ends tazleiulilig,r from end to end of the tie, also seated in perfor-ations in said peck ets, and a cushion block in each pocket surrounded on all sides and one end by the alls of the pocket, one of said walls serving as a bearing for a. rail.
tt. A concrete tie, comprising a bodlv having,r a metallic strengthening member and tie rods embedded therein, said member having pockets formed near the ends thereof with perforatious to receive said rods, and a cushion block in each of said pockets closely fittingr the walls of the same, one ot' which walls serves as a bearing for a rail.
17. A composition tie, comprising a body formed of a central section and two end sections of concrete, a metallic strengthening member and tie rods embedded in said central section, a rail supporting member integral with the strengthening member disposed between the central concrete section and each end section, said rail supporting members having pockets therein open at one end only, their opposite ends being closed by a wall having an aperture therein, cushion blocks titted into said pockets, and projections on the outer sides of-thc rail supportingI member embedded in the concrete end sections of the tie.
18. A composition tie comprising a body formed of a central section and two end sections of concrete, a metallic strengthening member and tie rods embedded in said central section, a rail supporting member integral with the strengthening member disposed -bet \ve.en the central concrete section and each end section, said rail supporting members having'g' pockets therein o cned at one end only, their oppositwenfs being closed by a wall having an aper- 1re therein,
nn overhangin lip and a rib parallel there- In testimony whereof I have hcl-@mno set to projecting rom the rail supporting surmy hand in presence of two subscribing witfaoe of each pocket for engagmg the rails, messes.
cushioning blocks fitted into said pockets, LAWRENCE C. MOONFA'. :1nd projections on the outer side of the rail Titnessesz supportmg members embedded in the end Rofr. G. ARRINGTUN,
concrete sections of the tie. WM. T. SUBILS.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US63070411A US1016845A (en) | 1911-06-01 | 1911-06-01 | Cross-tie. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US63070411A US1016845A (en) | 1911-06-01 | 1911-06-01 | Cross-tie. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1016845A true US1016845A (en) | 1912-02-06 |
Family
ID=3085148
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US63070411A Expired - Lifetime US1016845A (en) | 1911-06-01 | 1911-06-01 | Cross-tie. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1016845A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2556622A (en) * | 1947-08-18 | 1951-06-12 | William H Koch | Railway tie and rail fastener |
-
1911
- 1911-06-01 US US63070411A patent/US1016845A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2556622A (en) * | 1947-08-18 | 1951-06-12 | William H Koch | Railway tie and rail fastener |
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