US10151218B2 - Gas turbine engine attachment structure and method therefor - Google Patents

Gas turbine engine attachment structure and method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US10151218B2
US10151218B2 US14/768,857 US201414768857A US10151218B2 US 10151218 B2 US10151218 B2 US 10151218B2 US 201414768857 A US201414768857 A US 201414768857A US 10151218 B2 US10151218 B2 US 10151218B2
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annular case
case
interlocks
annular
attachment structure
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US20160003104A1 (en
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David J. Sander
Shelton O. Duelm
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RTX Corp
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United Technologies Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/26—Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • F01D25/162—Bearing supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/246—Fastening of diaphragms or stator-rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • F01D9/04—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector
    • F01D9/041—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles forming ring or sector using blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/20—Mounting or supporting of plant; Accommodating heat expansion or creep
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05D2230/64—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
    • F05D2230/642—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins using maintaining alignment while permitting differential dilatation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05D2230/64—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
    • F05D2230/644—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins for adjusting the position or the alignment, e.g. wedges or eccenters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/10—Stators
    • F05D2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/10—Stators
    • F05D2240/14—Casings or housings protecting or supporting assemblies within
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
    • Y02T50/672—
    • Y02T50/673—

Definitions

  • a gas turbine engine typically includes a compressor section, a combustor section and a turbine section. Air entering the compressor section is compressed and delivered into the combustion section where it is mixed with fuel and ignited to generate a high-speed exhaust gas flow. The high-speed exhaust gas flow expands through the turbine section to drive the compressor. Gas turbine engines installed on aircraft can include a fan section driven by the turbine section to provide thrust. Ground-based industrial gas turbine engines typically drive a generator through a shaft.
  • the turbine section includes turbine vanes that orient the gas flow in an axial direction.
  • the vanes can be provided in an annular vane pack that is installed in the engine.
  • the vane pack can be secured to an outer static engine structure such that aerodynamic loads on the vanes transfer to the static engine structure.
  • An attachment structure for a gas turbine engine includes a frame that has a first annular case and a second annular case which extends around the frame.
  • the first annular case and the second annular case include a plurality of interlocks.
  • Each of the plurality of interlocks include a first member mounted on one of the first annular case or the second annular case and a corresponding second member mounted on the other of the first annular case or the second annular case.
  • the first member is received in the second member such that the plurality of interlocks restrict relative circumferential and axial movement between the first annular case and the second annular case.
  • the plurality of interlocks permits relative radial movement between the first annular case and the second annular case.
  • the first member is a wedge and the second member is a receiver having a complementary opening for the wedge.
  • the wedge is tapered.
  • the wedge includes opposed interface surfaces contacting the receiver, and the interface surfaces are oriented at an angle of 90°+/ ⁇ 25° to each other.
  • the first member includes a ceramic material.
  • the ceramic material includes a fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composite.
  • the fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite is a multi-layer structure.
  • a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing examples includes a wear resistance coating between the first member and the second member.
  • frame includes an inner annular case spaced radially inwardly from the first annular case and a plurality of vanes extending between the inner case and the first annular case.
  • N 1 of the plurality of vanes and N 2 of the plurality of interlocks there are a number N 1 of the plurality of vanes and a number N 2 of the plurality of interlocks, and a ratio of N 1 :N 2 is 1:1.
  • a turbine engine includes optionally, a fan, a compressor section, a combustor in fluid communication with the compressor section, and a turbine section in fluid communication with the combustor.
  • the turbine section includes an attachment structure that has a frame, and a first annular case and a second annular case that extend around the frame.
  • the first annular case and the second annular case include a plurality of interlocks.
  • Each of the plurality of interlocks includes a first member mounted on one of the first annular case or the second annular case and a corresponding second member mounted on the other of the first annular case or the second annular case. The first member is received in the second member such that the plurality of interlocks restricts relative circumferential and axial movement between the first annular case and the second annular case.
  • a method of assembling an attachment structure of a gas turbine engine includes providing a frame that has a first annular case and providing a second annular case which extends around the frame.
  • the first annular case and the second annular case include a plurality of interlocks.
  • Each of the plurality of interlocks include a first member mounted on one of the first annular case or the second annular case and a corresponding second member mounts on the other of the first annular case or the second annular case.
  • the first member is inserted in the second member such that the plurality of interlocks restricts relative circumferential and axial movement between the first annular case and the second annular case.
  • the plurality of interlocks permits relative radial movement between the first annular case and the second annular case.
  • a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing examples includes, prior to the insertion and with the first annular case and the second annular case coaxially oriented, moving the frame in a first axial direction with the first member and the second member circumferentially misaligned.
  • a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing examples includes rotating the frame such that the first member circumferentially aligns with the second member.
  • a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing examples includes moving the frame in a second axial direction opposite of the first axial direction to wedge the first member in the second member.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example gas turbine engine.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates an example mid-turbine frame structure for use in a gas turbine engine.
  • FIG. 2B illustrates a sectioned view from FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 2C illustrates a radial, top-down view of a portion from FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 2D illustrates a sectioned view of FIG. 2C .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a detailed view of a portion of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example interlock.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates another example interlock.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates another example interlock having a rectangular shape.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a partially assembled view
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an assembly of an interlock.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a gas turbine engine 20 .
  • the gas turbine engine 20 is disclosed herein as a two-spool turbofan that generally incorporates a fan section 22 , a compressor section 24 , a combustor section 26 and a turbine section 28 .
  • Alternative engines might include an augmentor section (not shown) among other systems or features.
  • the fan section 22 drives air along a bypass flowpath while the compressor section 24 drives air along a core flowpath for compression and communication into the combustor section 26 then expansion through the turbine section 28 .
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a gas turbine engine 20 .
  • the gas turbine engine 20 is disclosed herein as a two-spool turbofan that generally incorporates a fan section 22 , a compressor section 24 , a combustor section 26 and a turbine section 28 .
  • Alternative engines might include an augmentor section (not shown) among other systems or features.
  • the fan section 22 drives air along a bypass flowpath while the compressor section 24 drives air along a core flow
  • the engine 20 generally includes a first spool 30 and a second spool 32 mounted for rotation about an engine central axis A relative to an engine static structure 36 via several bearing systems 38 . It should be understood that various bearing systems 38 at various locations may alternatively or additionally be provided.
  • the first spool 30 generally includes a first shaft 40 that interconnects a fan 42 , a first compressor 44 and a first turbine 46 .
  • the first shaft 40 is connected to the fan 42 through a gear assembly of a fan drive gear system 48 to drive the fan 42 at a lower speed than the first spool 30 .
  • the second spool 32 includes a second shaft 50 that interconnects a second compressor 52 and second turbine 54 .
  • the first spool 30 runs at a relatively lower pressure than the second spool 32 . It is to be understood that “low pressure” and “high pressure” or variations thereof as used herein are relative terms indicating that the high pressure is greater than the low pressure.
  • An annular combustor 56 is arranged between the second compressor 52 and the second turbine 54 .
  • the first shaft 40 and the second shaft 50 are concentric and rotate via bearing systems 38 about the engine central axis A which is collinear with their longitudinal axes.
  • the core airflow is compressed by the first compressor 44 then the second compressor 52 , mixed and burned with fuel in the annular combustor 56 , then expanded over the second turbine 54 and first turbine 46 .
  • the first turbine 46 and the second turbine 54 rotationally drive, respectively, the first spool 30 and the second spool 32 in response to the expansion.
  • the engine 20 is a high-bypass geared aircraft engine that has a bypass ratio that is greater than about six (6), with an example embodiment being greater than ten (10), the gear assembly of the fan drive gear system 48 is an epicyclic gear train, such as a planetary gear system or other gear system, with a gear reduction ratio of greater than about 2.3:1 and the first turbine 46 has a pressure ratio that is greater than about five (5).
  • the first turbine 46 pressure ratio is pressure measured prior to inlet of first turbine 46 as related to the pressure at the outlet of the first turbine 46 prior to an exhaust nozzle.
  • the first turbine 46 has a maximum rotor diameter and the fan 42 has a fan diameter such that a ratio of the maximum rotor diameter divided by the fan diameter is less than 0.6. It should be understood, however, that the above parameters are only exemplary.
  • the fan section 22 of the engine 20 is designed for a particular flight condition—typically cruise at about 0.8 Mach and about 35,000 feet.
  • TSFC Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption
  • Low fan pressure ratio is the pressure ratio across the fan blade alone, without a Fan Exit Guide Vane (“FEGV”) system.
  • the low fan pressure ratio as disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1.45.
  • Low corrected fan tip speed is the actual fan tip speed in ft/sec divided by an industry standard temperature correction of [(Tram° R)/(518.7° R)] 0.5 .
  • the “Low corrected fan tip speed” as disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1150 ft/second.
  • the engine 20 also includes a mid-turbine frame structure 60 (hereafter “frame 60 ”) having a plurality of airfoil vanes 62 (one shown).
  • the frame 60 is located axially between the second turbine 54 and the first turbine 46 .
  • the vanes 62 orient core gas flow through the turbine section 28 in an axial direction. Aerodynamic loads on the vanes 62 are transferred to a static engine case 64 through a connection (not shown) between the frame 60 and the case 64 .
  • the vanes 62 and the frame 60 are exposed to the relatively high temperatures of the core flowpath gas from the combustor 56 , while the case 64 , which is outside of the core flowpath, is substantially cooler.
  • the case 64 which is outside of the core flowpath
  • the thermally-induced stresses can be further exacerbated if the frame 60 is made from composite materials such that there is a mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the composite materials and the material of the case 64 , which is typically a metallic alloy.
  • connection attachment structure such as a wedge connection attachment, is provided between the frame 60 and the case 64 to restrict relative axial and circumferential movement between the frame 60 and the case 64 , while permitting radial movement that can occur from the thermal mismatch.
  • the frame 60 includes an outer annular case 66 , an inner annular case 68 and the vanes 62 that extend between the outer annular case 66 and the inner annular case 68 .
  • a plurality of first members 70 are mounted on the outer annular case 66 , each with a corresponding second member 82 ( FIG. 4 ) that is mounted on the case 64 ( FIG. 3 ).
  • the first members 70 and the second members 82 can be mounted by being integrally formed with the respective outer annular case 66 and case 64 , or attached by bonding, for example.
  • the first members 70 and the second members 82 constitute a plurality of interlocks 72 ( FIG. 4 ) that secure the frame 60 and the case 64 together.
  • the engine 20 includes a number N 1 of the interlocks 72 and the frame 60 includes a number N 2 of the vanes 62 such that there is a ratio, N 1 :N 2 , of 1:1, for facilitating load transfer from each of the vanes 62 to the case 64 .
  • N 1 :N 2 a ratio, of 1:1, for facilitating load transfer from each of the vanes 62 to the case 64 .
  • other ratios could be used.
  • the first member 70 in this example is a wedge 74 .
  • the wedge 74 in this example generally has a truncated, tapered shape with opposed interface surfaces 76 a / 76 b that serve as bearing surfaces.
  • the interface surfaces 76 A/ 76 B are oriented such that each forms a half angle a with a central axis through the wedge 74 .
  • the interface surfaces 76 a / 76 b form approximately 45° half angles a with the central axis such that the interface surfaces 76 a / 76 b are oriented at 90°+/ ⁇ 25° relative to each other.
  • the first member 70 can be made of any of a variety of different materials, such as metallic materials, ceramic materials and composite materials, including ceramic, polymeric or metallic composites.
  • the first member 70 includes a multi-layer fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite 78 .
  • the multi-layer fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite 78 is an overlay around a core structure 80 of the first member 70 .
  • the core structure 80 can be a ceramic matrix composite material, stacked fiber-reinforced plies, a solid material with resin that completely fills any spaces or a combination of resin material and chopped fibers to fill the space.
  • the core structure 80 has the same composition as the ceramic matrix of the multi-layer fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite 78 .
  • the loading on the first members 70 facilitates the use of composites.
  • the first members 70 are in a shear stress state, rather than bending stress state.
  • the multi-layer fiber-reinforced composite can be designed to handle the expected shear stress, whereas a bending stress state would drive inter-laminar tension and potential delamination of the layers.
  • FIG. 3 shows the frame 60 in a fully installed position in the case 64 .
  • the case 64 includes the second member 82 , which is also shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the design can be switched such that the first members 70 are mounted on the case 64 and the second members 82 are mounted on the outer annular case 66 of the frame 60 .
  • the second member 82 is a receiver that has a complimentary opening 84 for the wedge 74 .
  • the complementary opening 84 has a triangular shape to accommodate the truncated, tapered shape of the wedge 74 .
  • aerodynamic loads on the vanes 62 are transferred through the interface surfaces 76 a / 76 b of the first members 70 and into the second members 82 , and ultimately into the case 64 .
  • the size of the first members 70 and interface surfaces 76 a / 76 b can be tailored according to expected aerodynamic loads.
  • FIG. 5 shows another example interlock 172 .
  • like reference numbers designate like elements where appropriate and reference numerals with the addition of one-hundred or multiples thereof designate modified elements that are understood to incorporate the same features and benefits of the corresponding elements.
  • the wedge 74 of the first member 70 is received into a second member 182 .
  • the wear resistance coating 186 is applied on the second member 182 , although it is to be understood that the wear resistance coating 186 could alternatively be on the interface surfaces 76 a / 76 b of the first member 70 .
  • the wear resistance coating 186 is harder than the material of the second member 182 , and can also be harder than the material of the first member 70 .
  • the wear resistance coating is a metal or metallic alloy, polymer, ceramic, composite or a combination thereof.
  • FIG. 6 shows another example interlock 272 having a different shape than the interlock 72 or 172 .
  • the first member 270 has a generally rectangular cross-section rather than the tapered profile of the wedge 74 .
  • the complimentary opening 284 of the second member 282 has a rectangular shape to receive the wedge 274 .
  • other complimentary shapes for the first member 270 and the opening 284 of the second member 282 can alternatively be used to restrict relative movement in the axial direction A 1 and the circumferential direction C.
  • the frame 60 can be assembled using a clocking technique.
  • the first members 70 are initially circumferentially misaligned with the second members 82 .
  • the frame 60 is then moved axially along direction A 2 such that the first member 70 moves axially past the second member 82 (as also shown in FIG. 7 ).
  • the frame 60 is then rotated circumferentially along circumferential direction C such that the first member 70 circumferentially aligns with the second member 82 .
  • the frame 60 is then moved along axial direction A 1 such that the first member 70 is received into the second member 82 , as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 (and in phantom in FIG. 7 ).
  • the receiving, and in some instances wedging, between the first member 70 and the second member 82 restricts relative movement in the axial direction A 1 and the circumferential direction C.
  • the interlocks 72 are relatively compact and “low-profile,” which allows packaging between the outer annular case 66 and the case 64 .
  • the configuration of the interlocks 72 does not require the use a wrench for installation/removal and thus a wrench clearance is not needed between the outer annular case 66 and the case 64 .
  • the installation of the frame 60 into the case 64 can be conducted as an initial or original manufacture of the engine 20 , or as a step in a repair or maintenance procedure on the engine 20 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
US14/768,857 2013-02-22 2014-01-28 Gas turbine engine attachment structure and method therefor Active 2035-05-19 US10151218B2 (en)

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US201361767943P 2013-02-22 2013-02-22
US14/768,857 US10151218B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2014-01-28 Gas turbine engine attachment structure and method therefor
PCT/US2014/013300 WO2014130217A1 (fr) 2013-02-22 2014-01-28 Structure de fixation de moteur de turbine à gaz et procédé associé

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US20190048744A1 (en) 2019-02-14
US10774687B2 (en) 2020-09-15
EP2959119A4 (fr) 2016-10-26
US20160003104A1 (en) 2016-01-07
WO2014130217A1 (fr) 2014-08-28
EP2959119B1 (fr) 2018-10-03

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