US10145108B2 - Panel and method for fabricating, installing and utilizing a panel - Google Patents

Panel and method for fabricating, installing and utilizing a panel Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US10145108B2
US10145108B2 US15/639,132 US201715639132A US10145108B2 US 10145108 B2 US10145108 B2 US 10145108B2 US 201715639132 A US201715639132 A US 201715639132A US 10145108 B2 US10145108 B2 US 10145108B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ridges
strata
pair
complementary
complementary pair
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
US15/639,132
Other versions
US20170335567A1 (en
Inventor
Punit Chugh
John Fisher
Bill Chaleff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aryan Twenty 5 LLC
Original Assignee
Aryan Twenty 5 LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US15/152,855 external-priority patent/US9725902B1/en
Application filed by Aryan Twenty 5 LLC filed Critical Aryan Twenty 5 LLC
Priority to US15/639,132 priority Critical patent/US10145108B2/en
Assigned to ARYAN TWENTY 5 LLC reassignment ARYAN TWENTY 5 LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHALEFF, BILL, CHUGH, PUNIT, FISHER, JOHN
Publication of US20170335567A1 publication Critical patent/US20170335567A1/en
Priority to US16/128,896 priority patent/US10273689B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US10145108B2 publication Critical patent/US10145108B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/88—Insulating elements for both heat and sound
    • E04B1/90—Insulating elements for both heat and sound slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/72—Non-load-bearing walls of elements of relatively thin form with respect to the thickness of the wall
    • E04B2/721—Non-load-bearing walls of elements of relatively thin form with respect to the thickness of the wall connections specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E04C2/243—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 one at least of the material being insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/28—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups combinations of materials fully covered by groups E04C2/04 and E04C2/08
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/32—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
    • E04C2/322—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material with parallel corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/32—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
    • E04C2/326—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material with corrugations, incisions or reliefs in more than one direction of the element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/46—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose specially adapted for making walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/526—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits with adaptations not otherwise provided for, for connecting, transport; for making impervious or hermetic, e.g. sealings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/351—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
    • E04D3/354—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material more than one of the layers being composed of insulating material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/357—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation comprising hollow cavities
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0885—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements specially adapted for being adhesively fixed to the wall; Fastening means therefor; Fixing by means of plastics materials hardening after application
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0023—Building characterised by incorporated canalisations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
    • E04B1/6116—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by locking means on lateral surfaces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B2001/6195—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the slabs being connected at an angle, e.g. forming a corner
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2002/001—Mechanical features of panels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to non load-bearing partitions used in buildings, and in particular, to panels and panel methods involving panels with multiple layers.
  • the studs, headers, and footers may be steel framing members especially adapted for this purpose.
  • the metal studs may have punched holes to provide chases for utility lines (plumbing and electrical). Again, sheetrock can be installed over the metal studs with apertures to allow access to plumbing and electrical lines as needed.
  • MgO boards made from a magnesium oxide mineral (MgO boards) are sometimes used instead of sheetrock, and are sometimes used in exterior applications. MgO boards are fairly waterproof, fire resistant, and resistant to mold, fungus, and insects.
  • Structural insulated panels are commercially available and typically employ an insulating foam core sandwiched between facings made of oriented strand board (OSB).
  • OSB oriented strand board
  • a panel including an insulating barrier having an opposing pair of sides.
  • the insulating barrier includes a first stratum and a second stratum having a first plurality of ridges and a second plurality of ridges, respectively.
  • the first and the second plurality of ridges face each other.
  • the first plurality of ridges runs athwart the second plurality of ridges.
  • the panel also includes a cladding overlaying the insulating barrier on at least one of the opposing pair of sides.
  • the cladding has a density exceeding that of the first and the second stratum.
  • a method for utilizing a panel to be fabricated from a first material and a second material.
  • the method includes the step of forming from the first material a pair of strata each having a plurality of ridges. Another step is attaching the plurality of ridges of one of the pair of strata to the plurality of ridges of the other one of the pair of strata, with the plurality of ridges of one of the pair of strata transverse to the plurality of ridges of the other one of the pair of strata.
  • the method also includes the step of externally cladding the pair of strata using the second material.
  • a method for installing a utility feed in a cladded panel having a central pair of strata each with parallel grooves.
  • the grooves of one of the pair of strata being opposed and transverse to the grooves of the other one of the pair of strata.
  • the method includes several steps, performed in any order. One step is mounting the cladded panel in a building structure. Another step is routing the utility feed along one of the grooves of one of the pair of strata.
  • a method for fabricating a panel from a first material and a denser second material.
  • the method includes the step of forming from the first material a first strata and a second strata, each having an inside portion and an outside portion.
  • the inside portion of the first and the second stratum are formed into a first plurality of ridges and a second plurality of ridges, respectively.
  • the outside portion of the first stratum is formed with an externally flat unbreached layer supporting and being formed of the same, first material as the first plurality of ridges.
  • the outside portion of the second stratum is an externally flat unbreached layer supporting and being formed of the same, first material as the second plurality of ridges.
  • the method also includes the step of attaching the first plurality of ridges of the first strata to the second plurality of ridges of the second strata with each of the ridges of the first stratum extending to meet more than one of the plurality of ridges of the second stratum.
  • the first and the second plurality of ridges are oriented to face each other with the first plurality of ridges running athwart the second plurality of ridges.
  • the first and the second plurality of ridges are oriented to furnish between them clearance that provides a mechanical chase across at least most of the panel.
  • the method also includes the step of externally cladding at least one of the first and the second strata using the second material.
  • a panel including an insulating barrier having an opposing pair of sides.
  • the insulating barrier includes a first stratum and a second stratum each having an inside portion and an outside portion.
  • the inside portion of the first and the second stratum have a first plurality of ridges and a second plurality of ridges, respectively.
  • Each of the ridges of the first stratum extend to meet more than one of the plurality of ridges of the second stratum.
  • the outside portion of the first stratum is an externally flat unbreached layer supporting and being formed of the same material as the first plurality of ridges.
  • the outside portion of the second stratum is an externally flat unbreached layer supporting and being formed of the same material as the second plurality of ridges.
  • the first and the second plurality of ridges face each other.
  • the first plurality of ridges run athwart the second plurality of ridges.
  • One or more adjacent pairs of the first plurality of ridges have between them clearance providing a mechanical chase across at least most of the panel.
  • the panel also includes a cladding overlaying the insulating barrier on at least one of the opposing pair of sides.
  • the cladding has a density exceeding that of the first and the second stratum.
  • the plurality of cleats each includes a U-shaped channel, the plurality of cleats being adapted to be attached to an adjoining structure.
  • a foam insulating barrier is cladded on opposite sides by a denser material, for example, MgO boards, sheet metal, vinyl, sheetrock, etc.
  • the cladding can be held in place by adhesives, or by other means.
  • a disclosed foam insulating barrier is formed of two strata, each with a plurality of spaced, parallel ridges.
  • the ridges of one stratum faces and is perpendicular to the ridges of the other stratum.
  • the ridges of the two strata can be attached together by adhesives or by other means.
  • the disclosed panel can be installed inside a building without the need for conventional framing (studs, and plates).
  • This panel can be installed using U-shaped, metal tracks on the top and bottom of the panel.
  • the disclosed bottom track can be nailed, screwed, or adhesively secured in place before sliding the panel into the track.
  • the disclosed upper track can be similarly installed and the disclosed embodiment may or may not have an outwardly projecting tab with a fastener hole.
  • This upper track can be positioned atop the panel before securing the track.
  • the panel itself can be held in place with fasteners or by adhesive means.
  • the clearance between adjacent ridges of each of the two strata provides a groove that can be used as a mechanical chase for utility feeds such as plumbing or electrical wiring. Because the ridges of the two strata are transverse, the utility feeds can be routed either vertically or horizontally, depending on which grooves of the two strata are utilized.
  • Panels of this type will also have a degree of soundproofing or sound deadening qualities.
  • the foam core by itself has some acoustical attenuating properties.
  • the transverse ridges of the opposing foam strata reduces the surface contact between the strata to a number of relatively small points, thereby greatly reducing the ability of sound to travel from one stratum to the other.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded, perspective view of a panel in accordance with principles of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the panel of FIG. 1 , shown assembled;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a panel of that is dimensioned differently than that of FIG. 1 , and is shown assembled, and with portions broken away for illustrative purposes;
  • FIGS. 4A-4C are end views showing steps in forming and assembling components that can be used to make panels similar to that of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIGS. 5A-5C are end views showing steps in forming and assembling components of a panel that is an alternate to that of FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 6 is an end view of components that are an alternate to that of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of tracks used to install one of the panels of FIGS. 1-6 , with the panel shown in phantom and with portions broken away for illustrative purposes;
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the panel of FIG. 3 with portions broken away for illustrative purposes, and with various utility feeds installed and with a spline being installed;
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an insert that is used with two panels of the type shown in FIGS. 1-6 ;
  • FIG. 10 is cross-sectional view of the insert of FIG. 9 being used with two panels of the type shown in FIGS. 1-6 ;
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an insert that is an alternative to that shown in FIG. 9 ;
  • FIG. 12 is cross-sectional view of the insert of FIG. 11 being used with two panels of the type shown in FIGS. 1-6 ;
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a track that is an alternative to that shown in FIG. 7 ;
  • FIG. 14 is cross-sectional view of the track of FIG. 13 being used with a panel of the type shown in FIGS. 1-6 ;
  • FIG. 15 is a flow chart showing steps of a method disclosed herein.
  • Layers 16 and 18 may be MgO board (board made with a mineral based material, namely magnesium oxide).
  • MgO board board made with a mineral based material, namely magnesium oxide.
  • some embodiments may use gypsum wallboard, cementitious board, sheet metal, plywood, other wood composites such as OSB, etc.
  • Some embodiments will use mass-loaded vinyl for sound proofing purposes.
  • the gypsum wallboard When used, the gypsum wallboard may be plain with paint or fabric or vinyl finishes. When used, the sheet metal may be of various gauges with any of a variety of coatings and finishes.
  • layer 16 can be made of different material than layer 18 , e.g. wallboard on one side and MgO board on the other. In still other embodiments, one of the layers 16 or 18 can be eliminated.
  • the height and width of components 12 , 14 , 16 , and 18 are the same, i.e. they have a square outline. It will be appreciated that outlines with proportions other than a square outline will be more prevalent.
  • Strata 12 and 14 are fabricated from a rigid foam material made from substances such as polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, polystyrene, EPS (expanded polystyrene), etc. A variety of other materials are feasible, and good results are achieved when external layers 16 and 18 are denser than strata 12 and 14 .
  • Strata 12 and 14 may be fabricated by extrusion, molding, or other fabrication processes. See step ST 1 of FIG. 15 .
  • the inside face of strata 14 is corrugated and has a plurality of parallel ridges 14 A, in this embodiment nine such ridges, shown as flat peaks parallel to the back of stratum 12 .
  • Eight grooves 14 B are interleaved with ridges 14 A.
  • Grooves 14 B have a floor, shown as a flat valley parallel to the back of stratum 14 .
  • ridges 14 A have a common polygonal cross-section; namely, a symmetrical trapezoidal shape with slanted sides converging to a flat top.
  • the two outermost of the ridges 14 A are truncated; that is, their cross-sections are halved along a longitudinally disposed plane that is transverse to layers 16 and 18 .
  • stratum 12 may be identical to stratum 14 . Therefore, stratum 12 will also have nine ridges 12 A with eight grooves 12 B between them. However, ridges 12 A have been rotated 90° and are therefore transverse to ridges 14 A. Thus in FIG. 1 ridges 12 A are vertical, while ridges 14 A are horizontal.
  • strata 12 and 14 are cemented together as shown in FIG. 2 . See also step ST 2 of FIG. 15 .
  • the nine ridges 12 A will have 81 intersections with the nine ridges 14 A.
  • Ridges 12 A and 14 A may be secured together at these intersections with structural adhesives, and general purpose adhesives such as a polyurethane adhesive, cyanoacrylate adhesive, epoxy, polyisocyanurate adhesive, etc.
  • the tops of ridges 12 A and 14 A, and the floors (flat valleys) of grooves 12 B and 14 B will each be 17 ⁇ 8′′ (4.76 cm) wide.
  • the height of ridges 12 A and 14 A (and thus the depth of grooves 12 B and 14 B) will each be 11 ⁇ 8′′ (2.86 cm). With these dimensions, the ridge to ridge spacing will be 4 inches (10 cm).
  • the overall thickness of strata 12 and 14 is 23 ⁇ 4′′ (7 cm) and thus when stacked transversely, the overall thickness of the stack is 51 ⁇ 2′′ (14 cm). This thickness is comparable to the larger dimension of a 2 ⁇ 6 stud (whose nominal dimension is actually 51 ⁇ 2′′ or 14 cm).
  • ridges 12 A and 14 A and grooves 12 B and 14 B may have different dimensions and different shapes in other embodiments.
  • Cladding 16 and 18 can be secured to the outsides of strata 12 and 14 , respectively, by adhesives similar to those used to secure the strata together. See step ST 3 of FIG. 15 .
  • the four components of panel 10 are permanently secured together and can be sold as a single, rigid unit.
  • panel 110 is approximately 4′ ⁇ 8′ (1.2 m ⁇ 2.4 m) and is longer than the previously illustrated panel, which was approximately a 4 foot square (1.2 m square). In some cases panel 110 will be 4 feet ⁇ 10 feet (1.2 m ⁇ 3 m), or 4 feet by 12 feet (1.2 m ⁇ 3.7 m). Components in this Figure corresponding to those of FIG. 1 have the same reference numerals but increased by 100.
  • stratum 114 has the same cross-section as previously mentioned stratum 14 , but is twice as long, i.e. 8 feet long (2.4 m long).
  • Stratum 112 is twice as wide and therefor has a greater number of ridges 112 A. While one can create stratum 112 by butting together two of the previously mentioned strata (strata 12 of FIG. 1 ), better structural integrity will be achieved by fabricating stratum 112 as a single molded or extruded unit. Note that the number of ridges 112 does not precisely double because at the midline two smaller (halved) ridges form one ridge to create a total of seventeen ridges.
  • FIGS. 4A-4C describe a technique for making strata 212 and 214 .
  • strata 212 and 214 are shown as complementary slabs that can be separated to form ridges 212 A and 214 A, respectively. This separation can be achieved by passing a single rectangular slab through a corrugated blade that will cut the ridges 212 A and 214 A.
  • strata 212 and 214 can be separately fabricated by extrusion, cutting, or molding. In either case, two separate strata are achieved as shown in FIG. 4B . See step ST 1 of FIG. 15 .
  • stratum 214 has been rotated 90° relative to strata 212 to form an insulating barrier that can serve as a foam core for a panel of the type previously described.
  • FIG. 4C shows the rotated strata secured together to produce an insulating barrier that is 51 ⁇ 2′′ thick (14 cm thick). See step ST 2 of FIG. 15 . This thickness is consistent with a 2 ⁇ 6 stud.
  • strata 312 and 314 have been scaled down, and have the same reference numerals but increased by 100.
  • ridges 312 A and 314 A, and grooves 312 B and 314 B have the same width and pitch as before, but now have a height and depth of 11 ⁇ 8′′ (2.8 cm).
  • this embodiment is much like that of FIG. 4 , and components corresponding thereto have the same reference numeral but increased by 200.
  • the cross sections of ridges 412 A and 414 A are no longer polygonal but have curved sides.
  • This sinuous profile is essentially a sinusoid with clipped amplitudes.
  • Track 20 is a U-shaped channel with parallel walls 20 A and 20 B interconnected by web 20 C. Track 20 is sized to embrace the lower edge of panel 110 on the outside, or with its up-standing walls 20 A and 20 B inserted between the core components (core 12 . 14 of FIG. 1 ) and the skin components (skin components 16 and 18 of FIG. 1 ).
  • Web 20 C has a fastener hole 22 and nail 24 is shown about to be driven through that hole into the floor or floor joists, although in some cases a screw or other fastener can be used instead of a nail. In some cases the fastener 24 is driven through the center of the track 20 with the panel 110 being inserted afterwards.
  • Walls 20 A and 20 B each have a fastener hole 34 .
  • Screw 36 is shown about to be driven through the hole 34 in wall 20 A to hold panel 110 in place, although a nail or fastener can be used instead.
  • Upper track 26 is also shown as a U-shaped channel having a parallel pair of walls 26 A and 26 B interconnected by web 26 C.
  • a tab 28 is punched out of the middle of wall 26 A, and is coplanar with web 26 C.
  • Fastener holes 38 A and 38 B are formed in wall 26 A on opposite sides of tab 26 A.
  • Screw 40 is shown about to be driven through hole 38 B to secure panel 110 in place (although a nail can be used instead of screw 40 ).
  • Tab 28 has a fastener hole 30 , and nail 32 is shown about to be driven through this hole to secure track 26 to the ceiling rafters or joists. Again, a screw or other fastener can be used instead of a nail. See step ST 4 of FIG. 15 .
  • track 20 While a single, relatively short track 20 is shown along the bottom of panel 110 , in many cases multiple sections of tracks will be used to hold the panel more securely. Alternatively, track 20 can be made relatively long with a number of fastener holes to hold panel 110 securely. Likewise, a number of track sections identical to track 26 can be installed across the top of panel 110 , or the track can be lengthened and provided with a number of fastener holes.
  • the installation may be performed with non-hardening acoustical sealant or foam tape.
  • this sealant or tape can be used on opposite sides of web 20 C to secure the web to the floor and to panel 110 .
  • Such sealant or tape can also be used to secure track 26 to the ceiling, in which case the track 26 need not be manufactured with fastening tab 28 , and can instead be a simple U-shaped channel, identical to channel 20 .
  • Pipe P may be part of a plumbing arrangement, for example, a water utility feed.
  • pipe P may be a metal conduit through which electrical wires are routed.
  • pipe P may carry natural gas for a stove, dryer, furnace, etc.
  • pipe P may constitute electrical wiring, telephone lines, cable television lines, etc.
  • stratum 112 has a number of vertical grooves (grooves 112 B of FIG. 3 ), and routed through one of those grooves is a conduit C.
  • Conduit C is a drain to a sanitary sewer, although in some cases the conduit may be a vent, a water feed line, a natural gas line, electrical wiring, telephone lines, cable television lines, etc. Because the grooves in strata 112 and 114 do not overlap, separate elements can cross over each other inside panel 110 in the vertical and horizontal directions.
  • Electrical wiring W is routed through another one of the grooves 114 B in stratum 114 . This wiring W emerges through a hole 34 cut through stratum 112 to provide access to groove 114 B. Hole 34 can be cut either before or after panel 110 is installed in place. An electrical outlet may be installed in hole 34 in the usual fashion, although this method may be used for installing an electrical switch or other electrical devices.
  • an installer wishes to install a second identical panel (i.e., a complementary member), edge to edge with panel 110 .
  • spline 36 is shown about to be inserted into one of the grooves 114 B.
  • Spline 36 has a matching cross-section, that is, a trapezoidal cross-section.
  • Spline 36 will be inserted halfway into groove 114 B and may be held in place by a fastener (not shown) driven through stratum 112 or 114 into the spline.
  • a fastener (not shown) driven through stratum 112 or 114 into the spline.
  • an adhesive may be used instead of a fastener.
  • a second panel similar to panel 110 will be slid into position such that the exposed portion of spline 36 will slide into a matching groove in the incoming panel.
  • Spline 36 may be secured in the second panel via fasteners or adhesives.
  • spline 36 While one spline 36 is illustrated, in some embodiments multiple splines may be used at the vertical joint between adjoining panels.
  • Panels of the foregoing type have numerous advantages.
  • the panels have inherent rigidity and structural strength so that they can be readily used in a building, particularly for non-load-bearing, internal walls or walls that do not constitute the support structure of the building. As just described, installation can proceed without the need for conventional framing (studs, and top and bottom plates).
  • the panel has intrinsic mechanical chases that facilitate the installation of utility feeds (plumbing, electrical, gas, telephone, etc.), as well as drains and vents.
  • the panel can be made with materials that are inherently waterproof, fire resistant, and resistant to mold, fungus and insects.
  • the foam core and the air trapped between the foam strata provide good thermal insulating properties.
  • the panels will also have a degree of soundproofing or sound deadening qualities.
  • the above described foam core by itself has some acoustical attenuating properties.
  • the transverse ridges of the opposing strata reduce the surface contact between the strata to a number of small points, thereby greatly reducing the ability of sound to travel from one stratum to the other.
  • securing the panel with non-hardening acoustical sealant, gaskets, or foam tape avoids transmitting sound between rooms separated by the ceiling or floor, into the panel.
  • panel 110 of FIG. 2 is shown abutting another panel 110 ′, edge to edge.
  • Panels 110 and 110 ′ are identical, and panel 110 ′ has the same reference numerals but marked with a prime (′).
  • Panel 110 ′ is also referred to as a complimentary member with a complimentary barrier 112 ′/ 114 ′ clad with complementary material 116 ′ and 118 ′.
  • Panels 110 and 110 ′ are secured together with a pair of inserts: insert 42 ( FIGS. 9 and 10 ) and identical insert 42 ′.
  • Inserts 42 and 42 ′ may be a flat strip of the sheet metal, plastic, a structural composite, thin plywood, etc.
  • Insert 42 is considered divided into two contiguous wings 42 A and 42 B.
  • One of those wings e.g. wing 42 A
  • wing 42 A will be tapped into place between cladding 116 and stratum 112 of panel 110 into the position illustrated. Once in place, this embedded wing can be fastened by driving self-tapping screw 44 through cladding 116 and into insert 42 .
  • one wing of insert 42 ′ can be tapped into place between cladding 118 and stratum 114 and screwed in place with self-tapping screw 44 ′.
  • inserts 42 and 42 ′ may be elongated strips that cover a large portion of the entire edges of panels 110 and 110 ′.
  • panel 110 ′ is aligned with panel 110 with insert 42 aligned with the joint between cladding 116 ′ and stratum 112 ′ and insert 42 ′ aligned with the joint between cladding 118 ′ and stratum 114 ′. Thereafter, panel 110 ′ may be pushed or tapped to embed inserts 42 and 42 ′ as illustrated, before securing them by driving self-tapping screws 44 and 44 ′ through the inserts.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 an edge of previously mentioned panel 110 of FIG. 2 is shown bevelled and placed next to the bevelled edge of another panel 110 ′, to form a miter joint. While this joint places panels 110 and 110 ′ at right angles, the panels can be oriented at any practical, desired angle. Panels 110 and 110 ′ are the same, and panel 110 ′ has the same reference numerals but marked with a prime (′). Panel 110 ′ is also referred to as a complimentary member with a complimentary barrier 112 ′/ 114 ′ clad with complementary material 116 ′ and 118 ′. Panels 110 and 110 ′ are secured together with a pair of inserts that are shaped like angle irons, specifically: insert 46 ( FIGS.
  • Insert 46 may be a strip of sheet metal, plastic, a structural composite, thin plywood, etc., which is bent or fashioned into perpendicular wings 46 A and 46 B (or some other angle as needed to accommodate the two panels).
  • One of those wings of insert 46 (e.g. wing 46 A) will be tapped into place between cladding 118 and stratum 114 of panel 110 into the position illustrated. Once in place, this embedded wing can be fastened by driving self-tapping screw 48 through cladding 118 and into insert 46 . Next, one wing of insert 46 ′ can be tapped into place between cladding 116 and stratum 112 and screwed in place with self-tapping screw 48 ′.
  • inserts 46 and 46 ′ may be elongated strips that cover almost the entire edges of panels 110 and 110 ′.
  • panel 110 ′ is aligned with panel 110 with wing 46 B of insert 46 aligned with the joint between cladding 118 ′ and stratum 114 ′ and wing 46 B of insert 46 ′ aligned with the joint between cladding 116 ′ and stratum 112 ′. Thereafter, panel 110 ′ may be pushed or tapped to embed inserts 42 and 42 ′ as illustrated, before securing them by driving self-tapping screws 48 and 48 ′ through the inserts.
  • Track 120 is an alternative to that shown in FIG. 7 (i.e. track 20 ).
  • Track 120 is a U-shaped channel with parallel walls 120 A and 120 B interconnected by web 120 C.
  • Track 120 is designed to embrace the barrier 112 / 114 of previously mentioned panel 110 , but not the cladding 116 and 118 .
  • Track 120 may be a strip of sheet metal, plastic, a structural composite, thin plywood, etc., which is bent or fashioned to form parallel walls 120 A and 120 B.
  • track 120 can be installed on structure 54 , which may be a floor, ceiling, wall, or another panel similar to panel 110 .
  • Track 120 is secured by driving self-tapping screws 52 through web 120 C and into structure 54 .
  • panel 110 is positioned with (a) wall 120 A aligned with the joint between cladding 118 and stratum 114 , and (b) wall 120 B aligned with the joint between cladding 116 and stratum 112 . Thereafter, panel 110 may be pushed or tapped to embed inserts 120 A and 120 B as illustrated. Finally, self-tapping screws 50 are driven through cladding 118 and 116 into walls 120 A and 120 B, respectively.
  • the panels may be installed against existing vertical structure in a building, e.g., on the inside of an exterior wall.
  • the panels can be installed in tracks built into a building structure and covered with molding.
  • panels may be stacked and secured in place as a stack to enhance rigidity, soundproofing, etc.
  • the panels may be mounted in a horizontal plane.
  • Panels may also be used as part of a cabinet, built-in shelf, or other architectural feature.
  • the panel may be sealed and used for outside applications.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The insulating barrier of a panel including has a first stratum and a second stratum, each having a plurality of ridges that face each other, and run athwart of each other. Clearance between at least some adjacent pairs of the ridges provide a mechanical chase that reaches across at least most of the panel. A cladding overlaying at least one side of the insulating barrier is denser than the barrier. The mechanical chase is in the form of a groove through which a utility feed can be routed when the panel is to be mounted in a building.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation in part U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/152,855, filed 12 May 2016, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to non load-bearing partitions used in buildings, and in particular, to panels and panel methods involving panels with multiple layers.
2. Description of Related Art
The building of interior walls and other non-load-bearing walls is fairly time-consuming. A traditional method is nailing wooden top plates and bottom plates to ceilings and floors, respectively, before nailing to them a number of spaced, parallel studs. Plumbing and electrical lines are then routed through holes drilled in the studs, headers, and footers. This arrangement can then be covered with sheetrock (gypsum drywall) with apertures that allow access to the plumbing and electrical lines as needed.
In some settings, the studs, headers, and footers may be steel framing members especially adapted for this purpose. The metal studs may have punched holes to provide chases for utility lines (plumbing and electrical). Again, sheetrock can be installed over the metal studs with apertures to allow access to plumbing and electrical lines as needed.
These types of walls and partitions easily transmit sound. For this reason builders may install sound deadening material inside the wall or place such material on one of the surfaces of the wall.
Boards made from a magnesium oxide mineral (MgO boards) are sometimes used instead of sheetrock, and are sometimes used in exterior applications. MgO boards are fairly waterproof, fire resistant, and resistant to mold, fungus, and insects.
Structural insulated panels (SIPs) are commercially available and typically employ an insulating foam core sandwiched between facings made of oriented strand board (OSB).
See also U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,559,263; 4,572,857; 5,104,715; 5,351,454; 5,792,552; and 6,599,621; as well as US Patent Application Publication Nos. 2011/0268916; and 2015/0052838.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the illustrative embodiments demonstrating features and advantages of the present invention, there is provided a panel including an insulating barrier having an opposing pair of sides. The insulating barrier includes a first stratum and a second stratum having a first plurality of ridges and a second plurality of ridges, respectively. The first and the second plurality of ridges face each other. The first plurality of ridges runs athwart the second plurality of ridges.
One or more adjacent pairs of the first plurality of ridges have between them clearance providing a mechanical chase across at least most of the panel. The panel also includes a cladding overlaying the insulating barrier on at least one of the opposing pair of sides. The cladding has a density exceeding that of the first and the second stratum.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for utilizing a panel to be fabricated from a first material and a second material. The method includes the step of forming from the first material a pair of strata each having a plurality of ridges. Another step is attaching the plurality of ridges of one of the pair of strata to the plurality of ridges of the other one of the pair of strata, with the plurality of ridges of one of the pair of strata transverse to the plurality of ridges of the other one of the pair of strata. The method also includes the step of externally cladding the pair of strata using the second material.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for installing a utility feed in a cladded panel having a central pair of strata each with parallel grooves. The grooves of one of the pair of strata being opposed and transverse to the grooves of the other one of the pair of strata. The method includes several steps, performed in any order. One step is mounting the cladded panel in a building structure. Another step is routing the utility feed along one of the grooves of one of the pair of strata.
In accordance with still yet another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for fabricating a panel from a first material and a denser second material. The method includes the step of forming from the first material a first strata and a second strata, each having an inside portion and an outside portion. The inside portion of the first and the second stratum are formed into a first plurality of ridges and a second plurality of ridges, respectively. The outside portion of the first stratum is formed with an externally flat unbreached layer supporting and being formed of the same, first material as the first plurality of ridges. The outside portion of the second stratum is an externally flat unbreached layer supporting and being formed of the same, first material as the second plurality of ridges. The method also includes the step of attaching the first plurality of ridges of the first strata to the second plurality of ridges of the second strata with each of the ridges of the first stratum extending to meet more than one of the plurality of ridges of the second stratum. The first and the second plurality of ridges are oriented to face each other with the first plurality of ridges running athwart the second plurality of ridges. The first and the second plurality of ridges are oriented to furnish between them clearance that provides a mechanical chase across at least most of the panel. The method also includes the step of externally cladding at least one of the first and the second strata using the second material.
In accordance with still yet another and further aspect of the invention, a panel is provided including an insulating barrier having an opposing pair of sides. The insulating barrier includes a first stratum and a second stratum each having an inside portion and an outside portion. The inside portion of the first and the second stratum have a first plurality of ridges and a second plurality of ridges, respectively. Each of the ridges of the first stratum extend to meet more than one of the plurality of ridges of the second stratum. The outside portion of the first stratum is an externally flat unbreached layer supporting and being formed of the same material as the first plurality of ridges. The outside portion of the second stratum is an externally flat unbreached layer supporting and being formed of the same material as the second plurality of ridges. The first and the second plurality of ridges face each other. The first plurality of ridges run athwart the second plurality of ridges. One or more adjacent pairs of the first plurality of ridges have between them clearance providing a mechanical chase across at least most of the panel. The panel also includes a cladding overlaying the insulating barrier on at least one of the opposing pair of sides. The cladding has a density exceeding that of the first and the second stratum. Also included is a plurality of cleats edge-mounted to embrace the insulating barrier without embracing the cladding. The plurality of cleats each includes a U-shaped channel, the plurality of cleats being adapted to be attached to an adjoining structure.
By employing apparatus and methods of the foregoing type an improved panel and panel techniques are achieved. In some embodiments, a foam insulating barrier is cladded on opposite sides by a denser material, for example, MgO boards, sheet metal, vinyl, sheetrock, etc. The cladding can be held in place by adhesives, or by other means.
A disclosed foam insulating barrier is formed of two strata, each with a plurality of spaced, parallel ridges. The ridges of one stratum faces and is perpendicular to the ridges of the other stratum. The ridges of the two strata can be attached together by adhesives or by other means.
The disclosed panel can be installed inside a building without the need for conventional framing (studs, and plates). This panel can be installed using U-shaped, metal tracks on the top and bottom of the panel. The disclosed bottom track can be nailed, screwed, or adhesively secured in place before sliding the panel into the track. The disclosed upper track can be similarly installed and the disclosed embodiment may or may not have an outwardly projecting tab with a fastener hole. This upper track can be positioned atop the panel before securing the track. The panel itself can be held in place with fasteners or by adhesive means.
The clearance between adjacent ridges of each of the two strata provides a groove that can be used as a mechanical chase for utility feeds such as plumbing or electrical wiring. Because the ridges of the two strata are transverse, the utility feeds can be routed either vertically or horizontally, depending on which grooves of the two strata are utilized.
Panels of this type will also have a degree of soundproofing or sound deadening qualities. The foam core by itself has some acoustical attenuating properties. In addition, the transverse ridges of the opposing foam strata reduces the surface contact between the strata to a number of relatively small points, thereby greatly reducing the ability of sound to travel from one stratum to the other.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above brief description as well as other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more fully appreciated by reference to the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments in accordance with the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is an exploded, perspective view of a panel in accordance with principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the panel of FIG. 1, shown assembled;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a panel of that is dimensioned differently than that of FIG. 1, and is shown assembled, and with portions broken away for illustrative purposes;
FIGS. 4A-4C are end views showing steps in forming and assembling components that can be used to make panels similar to that of FIG. 2;
FIGS. 5A-5C are end views showing steps in forming and assembling components of a panel that is an alternate to that of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is an end view of components that are an alternate to that of FIG. 4A;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of tracks used to install one of the panels of FIGS. 1-6, with the panel shown in phantom and with portions broken away for illustrative purposes;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the panel of FIG. 3 with portions broken away for illustrative purposes, and with various utility feeds installed and with a spline being installed;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an insert that is used with two panels of the type shown in FIGS. 1-6;
FIG. 10 is cross-sectional view of the insert of FIG. 9 being used with two panels of the type shown in FIGS. 1-6;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an insert that is an alternative to that shown in FIG. 9;
FIG. 12 is cross-sectional view of the insert of FIG. 11 being used with two panels of the type shown in FIGS. 1-6;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a track that is an alternative to that shown in FIG. 7;
FIG. 14 is cross-sectional view of the track of FIG. 13 being used with a panel of the type shown in FIGS. 1-6; and
FIG. 15 is a flow chart showing steps of a method disclosed herein.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the constituent components of panel 10 are shown as rectangular external layers 16 and 18, and internal strata 12 and 14 (these strata are also referred to as the first and second stratum). Layers 16 and 18 (each layer also referred to as cladding) may be MgO board (board made with a mineral based material, namely magnesium oxide). Instead of MgO board, some embodiments may use gypsum wallboard, cementitious board, sheet metal, plywood, other wood composites such as OSB, etc. Some embodiments will use mass-loaded vinyl for sound proofing purposes.
When used, the gypsum wallboard may be plain with paint or fabric or vinyl finishes. When used, the sheet metal may be of various gauges with any of a variety of coatings and finishes. In some embodiments layer 16 can be made of different material than layer 18, e.g. wallboard on one side and MgO board on the other. In still other embodiments, one of the layers 16 or 18 can be eliminated.
In this embodiment the height and width of components 12, 14, 16, and 18 are the same, i.e. they have a square outline. It will be appreciated that outlines with proportions other than a square outline will be more prevalent.
Strata 12 and 14 (referred to collectively as an insulating barrier) are fabricated from a rigid foam material made from substances such as polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, polystyrene, EPS (expanded polystyrene), etc. A variety of other materials are feasible, and good results are achieved when external layers 16 and 18 are denser than strata 12 and 14. Strata 12 and 14 may be fabricated by extrusion, molding, or other fabrication processes. See step ST1 of FIG. 15.
The inside face of strata 14 is corrugated and has a plurality of parallel ridges 14A, in this embodiment nine such ridges, shown as flat peaks parallel to the back of stratum 12. Eight grooves 14B are interleaved with ridges 14A. Grooves 14B have a floor, shown as a flat valley parallel to the back of stratum 14. Except for the outermost ridges, ridges 14A have a common polygonal cross-section; namely, a symmetrical trapezoidal shape with slanted sides converging to a flat top. The two outermost of the ridges 14A are truncated; that is, their cross-sections are halved along a longitudinally disposed plane that is transverse to layers 16 and 18.
Since panel 10 has a square outline, stratum 12 may be identical to stratum 14. Therefore, stratum 12 will also have nine ridges 12A with eight grooves 12B between them. However, ridges 12A have been rotated 90° and are therefore transverse to ridges 14A. Thus in FIG. 1 ridges 12A are vertical, while ridges 14A are horizontal.
Using this orientation, strata 12 and 14 are cemented together as shown in FIG. 2. See also step ST2 of FIG. 15. Basically, the nine ridges 12A will have 81 intersections with the nine ridges 14A. Ridges 12A and 14A may be secured together at these intersections with structural adhesives, and general purpose adhesives such as a polyurethane adhesive, cyanoacrylate adhesive, epoxy, polyisocyanurate adhesive, etc.
In this embodiment, the tops of ridges 12A and 14A, and the floors (flat valleys) of grooves 12B and 14B will each be 1⅞″ (4.76 cm) wide. The height of ridges 12A and 14A (and thus the depth of grooves 12B and 14B) will each be 1⅛″ (2.86 cm). With these dimensions, the ridge to ridge spacing will be 4 inches (10 cm). The overall thickness of strata 12 and 14 is 2¾″ (7 cm) and thus when stacked transversely, the overall thickness of the stack is 5½″ (14 cm). This thickness is comparable to the larger dimension of a 2×6 stud (whose nominal dimension is actually 5½″ or 14 cm).
It will be appreciated that these ridges 12A and 14A and grooves 12B and 14B may have different dimensions and different shapes in other embodiments.
Cladding 16 and 18 can be secured to the outsides of strata 12 and 14, respectively, by adhesives similar to those used to secure the strata together. See step ST3 of FIG. 15. Thus, the four components of panel 10 are permanently secured together and can be sold as a single, rigid unit.
Referring to FIG. 3, panel 110 is approximately 4′×8′ (1.2 m×2.4 m) and is longer than the previously illustrated panel, which was approximately a 4 foot square (1.2 m square). In some cases panel 110 will be 4 feet×10 feet (1.2 m×3 m), or 4 feet by 12 feet (1.2 m×3.7 m). Components in this Figure corresponding to those of FIG. 1 have the same reference numerals but increased by 100.
In this embodiment, stratum 114 has the same cross-section as previously mentioned stratum 14, but is twice as long, i.e. 8 feet long (2.4 m long). Stratum 112 is twice as wide and therefor has a greater number of ridges 112A. While one can create stratum 112 by butting together two of the previously mentioned strata (strata 12 of FIG. 1), better structural integrity will be achieved by fabricating stratum 112 as a single molded or extruded unit. Note that the number of ridges 112 does not precisely double because at the midline two smaller (halved) ridges form one ridge to create a total of seventeen ridges.
FIGS. 4A-4C describe a technique for making strata 212 and 214. In FIG. 4A strata 212 and 214 are shown as complementary slabs that can be separated to form ridges 212A and 214A, respectively. This separation can be achieved by passing a single rectangular slab through a corrugated blade that will cut the ridges 212A and 214A. Alternatively, strata 212 and 214 can be separately fabricated by extrusion, cutting, or molding. In either case, two separate strata are achieved as shown in FIG. 4B. See step ST1 of FIG. 15.
In FIG. 4C stratum 214 has been rotated 90° relative to strata 212 to form an insulating barrier that can serve as a foam core for a panel of the type previously described.
The foregoing assumes a square panel, but this technique can be employed to create panels with different proportions. For example, for a 4′×8′ panel, one would double the width of the profile shown in FIG. 4A, effectively doubling the number of ridges 214A. One would then split one stratum (e.g. stratum 214) in half longitudinally (parallel to the ridges), and split the other stratum (e.g. stratum 212) in half transversely (perpendicular to the ridges). Then each of the longitudinally split strata would be paired with of one the transversely split strata, with their respective ridges rotated 90° as before. See step ST2 of FIG. 15.
For a 4′×12′ panel, the profile of FIG. 4A would be tripled. Then, one stratum would be split longitudinally into three parts, while the other stratum would be split transversely into three parts. For a 4′×10′ panel a similar splitting can be used (quintupling and then splitting one stratum into a 5×2 matrix, and the other stratum into a 2×5 matrix).
FIG. 4C shows the rotated strata secured together to produce an insulating barrier that is 5½″ thick (14 cm thick). See step ST2 of FIG. 15. This thickness is consistent with a 2×6 stud.
In the embodiment of FIGS. 5A-5C, strata 312 and 314 have been scaled down, and have the same reference numerals but increased by 100.
Basically, when strata 312 and 314 have been rotated 90° and secured together as shown in FIG. 5C the overall thickness is 3½″, which is consistent with a 2×4 stud (whose larger dimension is actually 3½ inches, or 9 centimeters). In this embodiment ridges 312A and 314A, and grooves 312B and 314B have the same width and pitch as before, but now have a height and depth of 1⅛″ (2.8 cm).
Referring to FIG. 6, this embodiment is much like that of FIG. 4, and components corresponding thereto have the same reference numeral but increased by 200. In FIG. 6 the cross sections of ridges 412A and 414A are no longer polygonal but have curved sides. This sinuous profile is essentially a sinusoid with clipped amplitudes.
Referring to FIG. 7 previously mentioned panel 110 is shown installed inside a building in tracks 20 and 26. See step ST4 of FIG. 15. Track 20 is a U-shaped channel with parallel walls 20A and 20B interconnected by web 20C. Track 20 is sized to embrace the lower edge of panel 110 on the outside, or with its up-standing walls 20A and 20B inserted between the core components (core 12.14 of FIG. 1) and the skin components ( skin components 16 and 18 of FIG. 1).
Web 20C has a fastener hole 22 and nail 24 is shown about to be driven through that hole into the floor or floor joists, although in some cases a screw or other fastener can be used instead of a nail. In some cases the fastener 24 is driven through the center of the track 20 with the panel 110 being inserted afterwards. Walls 20A and 20B each have a fastener hole 34. Screw 36 is shown about to be driven through the hole 34 in wall 20A to hold panel 110 in place, although a nail or fastener can be used instead.
Upper track 26 is also shown as a U-shaped channel having a parallel pair of walls 26A and 26B interconnected by web 26C. A tab 28 is punched out of the middle of wall 26A, and is coplanar with web 26C. Fastener holes 38A and 38B are formed in wall 26A on opposite sides of tab 26A. Screw 40 is shown about to be driven through hole 38B to secure panel 110 in place (although a nail can be used instead of screw 40).
Tab 28 has a fastener hole 30, and nail 32 is shown about to be driven through this hole to secure track 26 to the ceiling rafters or joists. Again, a screw or other fastener can be used instead of a nail. See step ST4 of FIG. 15.
While a single, relatively short track 20 is shown along the bottom of panel 110, in many cases multiple sections of tracks will be used to hold the panel more securely. Alternatively, track 20 can be made relatively long with a number of fastener holes to hold panel 110 securely. Likewise, a number of track sections identical to track 26 can be installed across the top of panel 110, or the track can be lengthened and provided with a number of fastener holes.
Instead of, or in addition, the foregoing fasteners, the installation may be performed with non-hardening acoustical sealant or foam tape. In some embodiments this sealant or tape can be used on opposite sides of web 20C to secure the web to the floor and to panel 110. Such sealant or tape can also be used to secure track 26 to the ceiling, in which case the track 26 need not be manufactured with fastening tab 28, and can instead be a simple U-shaped channel, identical to channel 20.
Referring to FIG. 8, panel 110 has been installed as previously described in connection with FIG. 7. As part of this installation, one of the horizontal grooves 114B is being used as a mechanical chase, through which pipe P is routed. See step ST5 of FIG. 15. Pipe P may be part of a plumbing arrangement, for example, a water utility feed. In other cases pipe P may be a metal conduit through which electrical wires are routed. In still other cases pipe P may carry natural gas for a stove, dryer, furnace, etc. In still other cases, pipe P may constitute electrical wiring, telephone lines, cable television lines, etc.
As previously described, stratum 112 has a number of vertical grooves (grooves 112B of FIG. 3), and routed through one of those grooves is a conduit C. Conduit C is a drain to a sanitary sewer, although in some cases the conduit may be a vent, a water feed line, a natural gas line, electrical wiring, telephone lines, cable television lines, etc. Because the grooves in strata 112 and 114 do not overlap, separate elements can cross over each other inside panel 110 in the vertical and horizontal directions.
Electrical wiring W is routed through another one of the grooves 114B in stratum 114. This wiring W emerges through a hole 34 cut through stratum 112 to provide access to groove 114B. Hole 34 can be cut either before or after panel 110 is installed in place. An electrical outlet may be installed in hole 34 in the usual fashion, although this method may be used for installing an electrical switch or other electrical devices.
In this embodiment, an installer wishes to install a second identical panel (i.e., a complementary member), edge to edge with panel 110. For this reason, spline 36 is shown about to be inserted into one of the grooves 114B. Spline 36 has a matching cross-section, that is, a trapezoidal cross-section. Spline 36 will be inserted halfway into groove 114B and may be held in place by a fastener (not shown) driven through stratum 112 or 114 into the spline. In some cases an adhesive may be used instead of a fastener. Next, a second panel similar to panel 110 will be slid into position such that the exposed portion of spline 36 will slide into a matching groove in the incoming panel. Spline 36 may be secured in the second panel via fasteners or adhesives.
As a practical matter, utility feeds P and W will be installed after the second panel is in place, so that these feeds may be simultaneously routed through both panels.
While one spline 36 is illustrated, in some embodiments multiple splines may be used at the vertical joint between adjoining panels.
Panels of the foregoing type have numerous advantages. The panels have inherent rigidity and structural strength so that they can be readily used in a building, particularly for non-load-bearing, internal walls or walls that do not constitute the support structure of the building. As just described, installation can proceed without the need for conventional framing (studs, and top and bottom plates).
Also, the panel has intrinsic mechanical chases that facilitate the installation of utility feeds (plumbing, electrical, gas, telephone, etc.), as well as drains and vents. In addition the panel can be made with materials that are inherently waterproof, fire resistant, and resistant to mold, fungus and insects. Also, the foam core and the air trapped between the foam strata provide good thermal insulating properties.
The panels will also have a degree of soundproofing or sound deadening qualities. The above described foam core by itself has some acoustical attenuating properties. In addition, the transverse ridges of the opposing strata reduce the surface contact between the strata to a number of small points, thereby greatly reducing the ability of sound to travel from one stratum to the other. Furthermore, securing the panel with non-hardening acoustical sealant, gaskets, or foam tape avoids transmitting sound between rooms separated by the ceiling or floor, into the panel.
Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, previously mentioned panel 110 of FIG. 2 is shown abutting another panel 110′, edge to edge. Panels 110 and 110′ are identical, and panel 110′ has the same reference numerals but marked with a prime (′). Panel 110′ is also referred to as a complimentary member with a complimentary barrier 112′/114′ clad with complementary material 116′ and 118′. Panels 110 and 110′ are secured together with a pair of inserts: insert 42 (FIGS. 9 and 10) and identical insert 42′. Inserts 42 and 42′ may be a flat strip of the sheet metal, plastic, a structural composite, thin plywood, etc.
Insert 42 is considered divided into two contiguous wings 42A and 42B. One of those wings (e.g. wing 42A) will be tapped into place between cladding 116 and stratum 112 of panel 110 into the position illustrated. Once in place, this embedded wing can be fastened by driving self-tapping screw 44 through cladding 116 and into insert 42. Next, one wing of insert 42′ can be tapped into place between cladding 118 and stratum 114 and screwed in place with self-tapping screw 44′.
Additional inserts can be fastened in place along the edge of panel 110 with the insert to insert spacing chosen to achieve the desired connection strength between panels 110 and 110′. Alternatively, inserts 42 and 42′ may be elongated strips that cover a large portion of the entire edges of panels 110 and 110′.
Next panel 110′ is aligned with panel 110 with insert 42 aligned with the joint between cladding 116′ and stratum 112′ and insert 42′ aligned with the joint between cladding 118′ and stratum 114′. Thereafter, panel 110′ may be pushed or tapped to embed inserts 42 and 42′ as illustrated, before securing them by driving self-tapping screws 44 and 44′ through the inserts.
Referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, an edge of previously mentioned panel 110 of FIG. 2 is shown bevelled and placed next to the bevelled edge of another panel 110′, to form a miter joint. While this joint places panels 110 and 110′ at right angles, the panels can be oriented at any practical, desired angle. Panels 110 and 110′ are the same, and panel 110′ has the same reference numerals but marked with a prime (′). Panel 110′ is also referred to as a complimentary member with a complimentary barrier 112′/114′ clad with complementary material 116′ and 118′. Panels 110 and 110′ are secured together with a pair of inserts that are shaped like angle irons, specifically: insert 46 (FIGS. 11 and 12) and identical insert 46′. Insert 46 may be a strip of sheet metal, plastic, a structural composite, thin plywood, etc., which is bent or fashioned into perpendicular wings 46A and 46B (or some other angle as needed to accommodate the two panels).
One of those wings of insert 46 (e.g. wing 46A) will be tapped into place between cladding 118 and stratum 114 of panel 110 into the position illustrated. Once in place, this embedded wing can be fastened by driving self-tapping screw 48 through cladding 118 and into insert 46. Next, one wing of insert 46′ can be tapped into place between cladding 116 and stratum 112 and screwed in place with self-tapping screw 48′.
Additional inserts can be fastened in place along the edge of panel 110 with the insert to insert spacing chosen to achieve the desired connection strength between panels 110 and 110′. Alternatively, inserts 46 and 46′ may be elongated strips that cover almost the entire edges of panels 110 and 110′.
Next panel 110′ is aligned with panel 110 with wing 46B of insert 46 aligned with the joint between cladding 118′ and stratum 114′ and wing 46B of insert 46′ aligned with the joint between cladding 116′ and stratum 112′. Thereafter, panel 110′ may be pushed or tapped to embed inserts 42 and 42′ as illustrated, before securing them by driving self-tapping screws 48 and 48′ through the inserts.
Referring to FIGS. 13 and 14, track 120 is an alternative to that shown in FIG. 7 (i.e. track 20). Track 120 is a U-shaped channel with parallel walls 120A and 120B interconnected by web 120C. Track 120 is designed to embrace the barrier 112/114 of previously mentioned panel 110, but not the cladding 116 and 118. Track 120 may be a strip of sheet metal, plastic, a structural composite, thin plywood, etc., which is bent or fashioned to form parallel walls 120A and 120B.
As shown in FIG. 14, track 120 can be installed on structure 54, which may be a floor, ceiling, wall, or another panel similar to panel 110. Track 120 is secured by driving self-tapping screws 52 through web 120C and into structure 54.
Next panel 110 is positioned with (a) wall 120A aligned with the joint between cladding 118 and stratum 114, and (b) wall 120B aligned with the joint between cladding 116 and stratum 112. Thereafter, panel 110 may be pushed or tapped to embed inserts 120A and 120B as illustrated. Finally, self-tapping screws 50 are driven through cladding 118 and 116 into walls 120A and 120 B, respectively.
It is appreciated that various modifications may be implemented with respect to the above described embodiments. Instead of tracks, the panels may be installed against existing vertical structure in a building, e.g., on the inside of an exterior wall. Also, the panels can be installed in tracks built into a building structure and covered with molding. Also, panels may be stacked and secured in place as a stack to enhance rigidity, soundproofing, etc. In some cases the panels may be mounted in a horizontal plane. Panels may also be used as part of a cabinet, built-in shelf, or other architectural feature. In some embodiments, the panel may be sealed and used for outside applications.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

Claims (27)

The invention claimed is:
1. A method for fabricating a building panel from a first material and a denser second material and for providing clearance for one or more building utility feeds, comprising the steps of:
(A) forming from the first material a complementary pair of strata, the complementary pair being formed either sequentially or at the same time, the forming being performed to give each of the complementary pair a flat unbreached layer on one side and on an opposite side a plurality of ridges embracing a plurality of grooves, during formation of each of the complementary pair their respective plurality of ridges being at the same time: (1) joined to and unitary with the flat unbreached layer, and (2) arranged to allow clearance between but not under the plurality of ridges for the one or more building utility feeds to travel, the travel being restricted to a direction parallel to the plurality of ridges;
(B) attaching at least some of the plurality of ridges of one of the complementary pair to at least some of the ridges of the other one of the complementary pair, with the ridges of one of the complementary pair running athwart to the ridges of the other one of the complementary pair; and
(C) cladding the building panel by directly attaching the second material against the flat unbreached layer of at least one of the complementary pair of strata.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the step of forming the complementary pair of strata is performed to make the plurality of ridges of each parallel.
3. The method according to claim 2 wherein the step of attaching at least some of the plurality of ridges with the ridges of the other one of the complementary is performed to perpendicularly orient the respective ridges of the complementary pair.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the step of forming the complementary pair of strata is performed to make the plurality of ridges of each sinuous.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the step of forming the complementary pair of strata is performed to give the ridges of each a polygonal cross-section.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the first material comprises a foam material.
7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the step of cladding is performed by externally applying the second material to each of the complementary pair of strata.
8. The method according to claim 1 wherein the second material comprises a mineral-based substance, the cladding being performed by directly adhering the second material directly to most of the outside portion of at least one of the complementary pair of strata.
9. The method according to claim 1 wherein the second material comprises either sheet metal, plywood, a composite material, a wood composite material, an MgO board, or gypsum wall board.
10. The method according to claim 1 wherein the cladding is directly attached to one of the complementary pair of strata adhesively.
11. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of cladding is performed by attaching the second material to one of the complementary pair of strata adhesively.
12. The method according to claim 3 wherein the second material comprises a mineral-based substance, and the first material comprises a foam material, the step of cladding being performed by externally applying the second material to each of the complementary pair of strata.
13. A method according to claim 1 employing a plurality of tracks, the method comprising the steps of:
mounting the plurality of tracks to embrace edgewise the complementary pair of strata including any cladding thereon; and
attaching the plurality of tracks to a building structure.
14. A method according to claim 13 wherein the plurality of tracks each include a U-shaped channel, the step of mounting the plurality of tracks being performed to place inside the U-shaped channel the complementary pair of strata including any cladding thereon.
15. A method according to claim 3 comprising the step of:
routing electrical wiring in the groove between an adjacent pair of the plurality of ridges in both of the pair of complementary pair of strata.
16. A method according to claim 3 comprising the step:
routing plumbing in the groove between an adjacent pair of the first plurality of ridges in both of the complementary pair of strata.
17. A method according to claim 1 employing a complementary member, the method comprising the steps of:
mounting a spline between an adjacent pair of the plurality of ridges of one of the complementary pair of strata with a distal end of the spline extending outwardly therefrom; and
sliding the distal end into the complementary member when mounted upright next to the complementary pair of strata.
18. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of forming the complementary pair of strata is performed to give them matching cross-sections.
19. A method according to claim 18, wherein the step of attaching the complementary pair of strata together is performed by adhesive bonding.
20. A method according to claim 1 employing a U-shaped channel, the method comprising the step of:
attaching the U-shaped channel to a building structure and around at least the complementary pair of strata.
21. A method according to claim 1 employing a utility feed, the method comprising the step of:
routing the utility feed in the groove between an adjacent pair of the plurality of ridges on one of the complementary pair of strata.
22. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of attaching together the plurality of ridges of the complementary pair of strata is performed to make the ridges of one of the complementary pair transverse to the other one of the complementary pair, the method comprising:
orienting the one or more utility feeds in a first routing direction and a second routing direction, the first routing direction being oriented to lie between an adjacent pair of the plurality of ridges of one of the complementary pair of strata and the other one of the complementary pair having the second routing direction lying between an adjacent pair of its ridges.
23. A method according to claim 22 wherein the step of attaching the respective ridges of the complementary pair of strata is performed to cause a first adjacent pair of ridges and a second adjacent pair of ridges of different ones of the complementary pair of strata to cross each other at a predetermined locale, the step of orienting the one or more utility feeds being performed to cause the one or more utility feeds to reach the predetermined locale from the first and the second routing direction.
24. A method according to claim 13 wherein the plurality of tracks each include a U-shaped channel, the step of mounting the plurality of tracks being performed to place inside the U-shaped channel the complementary pair of strata, without including any cladding therein.
25. A method according to claim 1 employing an insert having a pair of wings and a complementary member having a complementary barrier that is clad with a complementary material, the method comprising the steps of:
inserting a first one of the pair of wings between the cladding and the complementary pair of strata; and
inserting a second one of the pair of wings between the complementary barrier and the complementary material.
26. A method according to claim 25 wherein the pair of wings are perpendicular to each other, the method comprising the steps of:
bringing the complementary member and the building panel together at a bevel joint; and
extending the insert over most of the bevel joint.
27. A method according to claim 1 employing a complementary member, the method comprising the steps of:
inserting a connecting element into the panel with a distal end of the connecting element extending outwardly from the panel; and
sliding the distal end into the complementary member when mounted upright next to the panel.
US15/639,132 2016-05-12 2017-06-30 Panel and method for fabricating, installing and utilizing a panel Active US10145108B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/639,132 US10145108B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2017-06-30 Panel and method for fabricating, installing and utilizing a panel
US16/128,896 US10273689B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2018-09-12 Panel and method for fabricating, installing and utilizing a panel

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/152,855 US9725902B1 (en) 2016-05-12 2016-05-12 Panel and method for fabricating, installing and utilizing a panel
US15/639,132 US10145108B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2017-06-30 Panel and method for fabricating, installing and utilizing a panel

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/152,855 Continuation-In-Part US9725902B1 (en) 2016-05-12 2016-05-12 Panel and method for fabricating, installing and utilizing a panel

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/128,896 Division US10273689B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2018-09-12 Panel and method for fabricating, installing and utilizing a panel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20170335567A1 US20170335567A1 (en) 2017-11-23
US10145108B2 true US10145108B2 (en) 2018-12-04

Family

ID=60330273

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/639,132 Active US10145108B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2017-06-30 Panel and method for fabricating, installing and utilizing a panel
US16/128,896 Expired - Fee Related US10273689B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2018-09-12 Panel and method for fabricating, installing and utilizing a panel

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/128,896 Expired - Fee Related US10273689B2 (en) 2016-05-12 2018-09-12 Panel and method for fabricating, installing and utilizing a panel

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (2) US10145108B2 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200022281A1 (en) * 2018-07-12 2020-01-16 Arris Enterprises Llc Raised pathway heat sink
WO2022032390A1 (en) * 2020-08-13 2022-02-17 Nexii Building Solutions Inc. Systems and methods for constructing a multi-storey building
US20220259856A1 (en) * 2019-06-12 2022-08-18 Frank Cato Lahti Wall-Building Element System and Building Element for Use in the System

Families Citing this family (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8769894B2 (en) 2011-05-12 2014-07-08 Powerhouse Building Solutions (2009) Inc. Insulation and ventilation systems for building structures
MX2017004139A (en) * 2014-10-02 2018-08-15 Lewit Scott Composite structural panel and method of fabrication.
USD843017S1 (en) 2015-10-09 2019-03-12 Ross Power Investments Inc. Insulation panel
USD849271S1 (en) 2015-10-09 2019-05-21 Ross Power Investments Inc. Insulation panel
USD843016S1 (en) 2015-10-09 2019-03-12 Ross Power Investments Inc. Insulation panel
USD843018S1 (en) 2015-10-09 2019-03-12 Ross Power Investments Inc. Insulation panel
USD866800S1 (en) * 2015-10-26 2019-11-12 Brock Usa, Llc Turf underlayment
US10480188B2 (en) * 2017-03-13 2019-11-19 Ross Power Investments Inc. Insulation and ventilation systems for building structures
US20190277040A1 (en) * 2017-12-20 2019-09-12 Mark Arcarisi Masonary Panel Assembly
CA2994868C (en) * 2018-02-13 2019-04-02 Michael A. Dombowsky Prefabricated insulated building panel with cured cementitious layer bonded to insulation
WO2019161018A1 (en) * 2018-02-14 2019-08-22 Louisiana-Pacific Corporation Structural osb panels with integrated rainscreen
US20190345713A1 (en) * 2018-05-11 2019-11-14 Advanced Building Products, Inc. Ventilated and draining foam insulation panel for building construction
WO2019218195A1 (en) * 2018-05-16 2019-11-21 增城市碧桂园物业发展有限公司 Wall system integrating low-voltage cable
WO2019218196A1 (en) * 2018-05-16 2019-11-21 增城市碧桂园物业发展有限公司 Wall system integrating water pipe
WO2019218247A1 (en) * 2018-05-16 2019-11-21 增城市碧桂园物业发展有限公司 Wall system integrating high-voltage cable
WO2019218252A1 (en) * 2018-05-16 2019-11-21 增城市碧桂园物业发展有限公司 Wall system integrating water pipe
FR3086309B1 (en) * 2018-09-24 2020-08-28 Guillaume Largillier MODULAR CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
US11268278B2 (en) * 2018-11-19 2022-03-08 Peter Sing Structural panel chase connection manufacture method
CN110805150B (en) * 2019-10-31 2021-03-23 广州城建职业学院 Reinforced energy-consuming connecting device for prefabricated building
CN110847480B (en) * 2019-11-27 2021-09-24 湖南麓上住宅工业科技有限公司 Wallboard material suitable for wood structure fabricated building
GB2584739B (en) * 2019-11-29 2021-06-09 Vistafolia Ltd Modular wall unit
CN111236426B (en) * 2020-01-08 2021-09-03 杜祥成 Integrated assembly type steel structure building
US20210388612A1 (en) * 2020-06-12 2021-12-16 Watchung Holdings, LLC Structural support and assembly of structural supports
CN113846798A (en) * 2021-09-30 2021-12-28 河北顺安远大环保科技股份有限公司 Multifunctional sandwich composite wallboard

Citations (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2770965A (en) 1952-08-04 1956-11-20 Engel David Insulated hollow building panel
US3222697A (en) 1955-07-05 1965-12-14 Mobay Chemical Corp Profiled polyurethane foam articles of manufacture
US3254464A (en) * 1962-05-07 1966-06-07 Union Carbide Corp Hollow building module of corrugated polyurethane foam sections with elongated edge members
DE1759411A1 (en) 1968-04-27 1971-06-16 Mengeringhausen Max Single plate for covering supporting scaffolding or the like.
US3886702A (en) * 1973-03-19 1975-06-03 Robertson Co H H Metal cellular flooring unit for bottomless electrical cable trench
DE2526114A1 (en) 1974-06-21 1976-01-08 Michael Edward Anthon Passmore RIGID BUILDING STRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT FOR THEIR PRODUCTION
US3950910A (en) * 1974-09-24 1976-04-20 American Air Filter Company, Inc. Shelter panel
FR2315586A1 (en) * 1975-06-23 1977-01-21 Tech Indl Const Metalliq Centr Building section formed of two flanged pieces - assembled with ridges of one piece at right angles or slanting to ridges of other piece
US4037379A (en) * 1976-07-08 1977-07-26 Leroy Ozanne Wall panel
US4114333A (en) * 1977-04-05 1978-09-19 Jones Harold E Wall panel unit
US4194332A (en) * 1978-02-02 1980-03-25 H. H. Robertson Company Electrical wiring distribution system
US4221413A (en) * 1978-02-28 1980-09-09 Yves Bonnetain Shock absorption bumper for an automotive vehicle
EP0041604A2 (en) 1980-06-06 1981-12-16 Paul Schäfer Method and apparatus for cutting and profiling plastic materials, and covering panels so manufactured
US4559263A (en) 1985-02-11 1985-12-17 The Dow Chemical Company Cement-foam composite board
US4572857A (en) 1984-02-15 1986-02-25 N.V. Maatschappij Voor Studie, Bijstand En Onderzoek "M.S.B.O." Insulating board of composite material
DE3643059A1 (en) * 1986-12-17 1988-07-07 Humann Manfred H Heat-insulating covering for roofs comprising corrugated panels
US4845908A (en) * 1984-07-02 1989-07-11 Consolidated Systems, Incorporated Composite metal/concrete floor and method
US4912897A (en) * 1985-03-27 1990-04-03 Bally Engineered Structures, Inc. Flooring systems with segregated service feeds
US5042213A (en) * 1987-11-30 1991-08-27 National Gypsum Company Channel utility notch
US5104715A (en) 1987-07-06 1992-04-14 Cruz Francisco A Tile formed of composite sheet with insulating board
US5202537A (en) * 1991-05-13 1993-04-13 Robert Nusbaum Underfloor cable distribution system with increased trench capacity
US5351454A (en) 1990-01-22 1994-10-04 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Self-supporting facade component in sandwich construction
CA2144295A1 (en) 1995-03-09 1996-09-10 Germain Belanger Core-board
US5652039A (en) * 1992-10-23 1997-07-29 Tremain; Stephen R. Sandwich panel for angular forming
US5678384A (en) 1995-08-31 1997-10-21 World Wide Homes Ltd. Rapid assembly secure prefabricated building
US5792552A (en) 1996-04-12 1998-08-11 Providence Industries, L.L.C. Reusable concrete form panel sheeting
US5983584A (en) * 1996-04-05 1999-11-16 Stageright Corporation Ice rink cover
US6209273B1 (en) * 1997-05-30 2001-04-03 Steelcase Development Inc. Panel wall construction
US20030089236A1 (en) * 2001-08-10 2003-05-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Structured surface filtration media array
US6599621B2 (en) 2001-03-20 2003-07-29 William H. Porter High strength structural insulated panel
US20030150182A1 (en) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-14 Ju-Li Chou Structural member
US20040111997A1 (en) 2002-12-16 2004-06-17 Marko Gigiakos Apparatus and method for fabricating foam wall panels
US20060260790A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2006-11-23 Mark Theno Heat exchanger core
US20090282778A1 (en) 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Sebastiano Bertero Composite-structure panel for buildings
US20090288352A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2009-11-26 Clear Strenght Usa Llc Storm panel assembly for covering a window or door opening
US20100331160A1 (en) * 2008-03-21 2010-12-30 Kohler Herbert B Apparatus for producing corrugated board
US20110162293A1 (en) 2010-01-06 2011-07-07 Jared Levy Modular Housing
US20110268916A1 (en) 2010-04-30 2011-11-03 Pardue Jr Johnny Roger Double Skin Composite Hybrid Structural Insulated Panel
US20120047839A1 (en) 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 James Walker Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
US20120317923A1 (en) 2011-06-15 2012-12-20 The Regents Of The University Of Colorado, A Body Corporate Structural insulated building panel
US20130055669A1 (en) * 2010-03-05 2013-03-07 Innovative Composites International, Inc. Modular building system utilizing composite, foam core panels
US20140013695A1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Victor Wolynski Modular building panel
US20140087147A1 (en) * 2012-09-27 2014-03-27 Eastman Chemical Company Self-corrugating laminates and methods of making them
US20150052838A1 (en) 2013-08-21 2015-02-26 MagBoard, LLC Laminate building materials and methods of making and installing the same
US9097007B1 (en) 2014-05-02 2015-08-04 North Carolina State University Panel assembly
US9222260B1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2015-12-29 Su Hao Lightweight multi-layer arch-structured armor (LMAR)
US9249572B2 (en) * 2010-10-11 2016-02-02 Michael Neumayr Prefabricated shear wall system with integrated channels
US9790684B2 (en) * 2010-10-11 2017-10-17 Michael Neumayr Modular wall system with integrated channels

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000087488A (en) * 1998-09-09 2000-03-28 Sekisui House Ltd Floor panel
WO2005105426A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2005-11-10 Greenwood Packing Technology, Inc. Corrugated wood sheets and articles having a multi-ply panel wall structure comprising same

Patent Citations (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2770965A (en) 1952-08-04 1956-11-20 Engel David Insulated hollow building panel
US3222697A (en) 1955-07-05 1965-12-14 Mobay Chemical Corp Profiled polyurethane foam articles of manufacture
US3254464A (en) * 1962-05-07 1966-06-07 Union Carbide Corp Hollow building module of corrugated polyurethane foam sections with elongated edge members
DE1759411A1 (en) 1968-04-27 1971-06-16 Mengeringhausen Max Single plate for covering supporting scaffolding or the like.
US3886702A (en) * 1973-03-19 1975-06-03 Robertson Co H H Metal cellular flooring unit for bottomless electrical cable trench
DE2526114A1 (en) 1974-06-21 1976-01-08 Michael Edward Anthon Passmore RIGID BUILDING STRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT FOR THEIR PRODUCTION
US3950910A (en) * 1974-09-24 1976-04-20 American Air Filter Company, Inc. Shelter panel
FR2315586A1 (en) * 1975-06-23 1977-01-21 Tech Indl Const Metalliq Centr Building section formed of two flanged pieces - assembled with ridges of one piece at right angles or slanting to ridges of other piece
US4037379A (en) * 1976-07-08 1977-07-26 Leroy Ozanne Wall panel
US4114333A (en) * 1977-04-05 1978-09-19 Jones Harold E Wall panel unit
US4194332A (en) * 1978-02-02 1980-03-25 H. H. Robertson Company Electrical wiring distribution system
US4221413A (en) * 1978-02-28 1980-09-09 Yves Bonnetain Shock absorption bumper for an automotive vehicle
EP0041604A2 (en) 1980-06-06 1981-12-16 Paul Schäfer Method and apparatus for cutting and profiling plastic materials, and covering panels so manufactured
US4572857A (en) 1984-02-15 1986-02-25 N.V. Maatschappij Voor Studie, Bijstand En Onderzoek "M.S.B.O." Insulating board of composite material
US4845908A (en) * 1984-07-02 1989-07-11 Consolidated Systems, Incorporated Composite metal/concrete floor and method
US4559263A (en) 1985-02-11 1985-12-17 The Dow Chemical Company Cement-foam composite board
US4912897A (en) * 1985-03-27 1990-04-03 Bally Engineered Structures, Inc. Flooring systems with segregated service feeds
DE3643059A1 (en) * 1986-12-17 1988-07-07 Humann Manfred H Heat-insulating covering for roofs comprising corrugated panels
US5104715A (en) 1987-07-06 1992-04-14 Cruz Francisco A Tile formed of composite sheet with insulating board
US5042213A (en) * 1987-11-30 1991-08-27 National Gypsum Company Channel utility notch
US5351454A (en) 1990-01-22 1994-10-04 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Self-supporting facade component in sandwich construction
US5202537A (en) * 1991-05-13 1993-04-13 Robert Nusbaum Underfloor cable distribution system with increased trench capacity
US5652039A (en) * 1992-10-23 1997-07-29 Tremain; Stephen R. Sandwich panel for angular forming
CA2144295A1 (en) 1995-03-09 1996-09-10 Germain Belanger Core-board
US5678384A (en) 1995-08-31 1997-10-21 World Wide Homes Ltd. Rapid assembly secure prefabricated building
US5983584A (en) * 1996-04-05 1999-11-16 Stageright Corporation Ice rink cover
US5792552A (en) 1996-04-12 1998-08-11 Providence Industries, L.L.C. Reusable concrete form panel sheeting
US6209273B1 (en) * 1997-05-30 2001-04-03 Steelcase Development Inc. Panel wall construction
US6599621B2 (en) 2001-03-20 2003-07-29 William H. Porter High strength structural insulated panel
US20030089236A1 (en) * 2001-08-10 2003-05-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Structured surface filtration media array
US20030150182A1 (en) * 2002-02-13 2003-08-14 Ju-Li Chou Structural member
US20040111997A1 (en) 2002-12-16 2004-06-17 Marko Gigiakos Apparatus and method for fabricating foam wall panels
US20060260790A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2006-11-23 Mark Theno Heat exchanger core
US20100331160A1 (en) * 2008-03-21 2010-12-30 Kohler Herbert B Apparatus for producing corrugated board
US20170203533A1 (en) * 2008-03-21 2017-07-20 Hbk Family, Llc Apparatus for producing corrugated board
US20090282778A1 (en) 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Sebastiano Bertero Composite-structure panel for buildings
US20090288352A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2009-11-26 Clear Strenght Usa Llc Storm panel assembly for covering a window or door opening
US9222260B1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2015-12-29 Su Hao Lightweight multi-layer arch-structured armor (LMAR)
US20110162293A1 (en) 2010-01-06 2011-07-07 Jared Levy Modular Housing
US20130055669A1 (en) * 2010-03-05 2013-03-07 Innovative Composites International, Inc. Modular building system utilizing composite, foam core panels
US20110268916A1 (en) 2010-04-30 2011-11-03 Pardue Jr Johnny Roger Double Skin Composite Hybrid Structural Insulated Panel
US20120047839A1 (en) 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 James Walker Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
US9249572B2 (en) * 2010-10-11 2016-02-02 Michael Neumayr Prefabricated shear wall system with integrated channels
US9790684B2 (en) * 2010-10-11 2017-10-17 Michael Neumayr Modular wall system with integrated channels
US20120317923A1 (en) 2011-06-15 2012-12-20 The Regents Of The University Of Colorado, A Body Corporate Structural insulated building panel
US20140013695A1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Victor Wolynski Modular building panel
US20140087147A1 (en) * 2012-09-27 2014-03-27 Eastman Chemical Company Self-corrugating laminates and methods of making them
US20150052838A1 (en) 2013-08-21 2015-02-26 MagBoard, LLC Laminate building materials and methods of making and installing the same
US9097007B1 (en) 2014-05-02 2015-08-04 North Carolina State University Panel assembly

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Notice of References.

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200022281A1 (en) * 2018-07-12 2020-01-16 Arris Enterprises Llc Raised pathway heat sink
US11122707B2 (en) * 2018-07-12 2021-09-14 Arris Enterprises Llc Raised pathway heat sink
US20220259856A1 (en) * 2019-06-12 2022-08-18 Frank Cato Lahti Wall-Building Element System and Building Element for Use in the System
WO2022032390A1 (en) * 2020-08-13 2022-02-17 Nexii Building Solutions Inc. Systems and methods for constructing a multi-storey building

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20190010699A1 (en) 2019-01-10
US10273689B2 (en) 2019-04-30
US20170335567A1 (en) 2017-11-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10273689B2 (en) Panel and method for fabricating, installing and utilizing a panel
US8534018B2 (en) Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
US4147004A (en) Composite wall panel assembly and method of production
US8490355B2 (en) Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
US5953883A (en) Insulated wall panel
US9273462B2 (en) System and method of manufacture for building panels
US5377470A (en) Modular insulating wall panel system
US20100011699A1 (en) Insulated component wall finishing system
US20070227095A1 (en) Separated Member Wood Framing
US10773882B2 (en) Shipping container insulation panel and installation method
US20100107539A1 (en) Insulating wall panel apparatuses, systems, and methods
JP7297671B2 (en) Modular partition system
US9512621B1 (en) Structure connection system
US9725902B1 (en) Panel and method for fabricating, installing and utilizing a panel
US20060179763A1 (en) Interior wall and ceiling construction and method adapted for use with conventional stud frame structures
US20210207362A1 (en) Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
US20170328071A1 (en) Wall cladding system and fastener
US20060179761A1 (en) Wall and ceiling construction and method providing a finished construction with no exterior penetrations
US7373762B2 (en) Multi-functional assembly including a panel and stud with oppositely configured “V” notches along a cross sectional configuration
WO2007051588A1 (en) Drywalls joint
CN110206138B (en) Connecting node structure of wall body module and corner column and assembled building
JP2022520979A (en) Building studs, wall structures with such building studs, and methods for forming wall structures.
CA2792344A1 (en) Ventilated structural panels and method of construction with ventilated structural panels
JP6956125B2 (en) Construction method of external insulation structure and external insulation structure
WO2003004786A2 (en) Structural apparatus and method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ARYAN TWENTY 5 LLC, NEW YORK

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHUGH, PUNIT;CHALEFF, BILL;FISHER, JOHN;REEL/FRAME:044149/0230

Effective date: 20170630

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: MICROENTITY

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: SURCHARGE FOR LATE PAYMENT, MICRO ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M3554); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: MICROENTITY

MAFP Maintenance fee payment

Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YEAR, MICRO ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M3551); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: MICROENTITY

Year of fee payment: 4