US101132A - Improved ore-separator - Google Patents

Description

M PETERS. PNOHLUTNOGHAPMER. WASHINGTON. C.

` UNITED STATES' PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM HOOPER, OF TICONDEROGA, NEYV YORK.

IM-PROVED ORE-SEPARATOR.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. l01,l32, dated March i2, 1870.

To all whom t't may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM HOOPER, of the town of rl `iconderoga, in the county of Es sex and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefnlimprovements in machines, means, or apparatus for concentrating or separatingfores, metals, sands, earths, grains, and other substances when in a pulverized or granular condition, and when containing grains, granules, or particles of different specific gravi ties, to which machines I will, for convenience, give the general designation of ore-separators, and I do hereby declare that the following is full, clear, and exact description of such iinprovements, which will enable those skilled inthe art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification.

' My description will be con fined to the treatment of ores, except where other substances are particularly specified, and to the employment ot' air, except when another fluid is men'- tioned. y

This invention relates, in parts, to the construction and arrangement of that class of machines iu which intermittent pu's, blasts, jets, or currents of air, water, or other fluid are projected or forced through a perforated plate,

sieve, or porous bottom or bed containing ore or other substance to he separated, so as to loosen and agitate the mass in amanner which has been found to be peculiarly favorable for separating lighter from heavier grains, grannies, or particles, the lighter being driven up- My improvements consist in providing the means for overcoming these diicul ties by, first, a bellows constructed with a flexible diaphragm,`capable of receiving a rapid vibratory motion constautl'y applied for a long time without rendering it liable to wear or injury, in combination with a perforated plate, sieve, or porous bottom used as an orc-bed; second, an air-tight bellows chamber between the orehed and diaphragm, with all joints so closed that no air can escape during the vibration of the diaphragm, except through the ore-bed; third, driving mechanism constructed with adjustable forked levers, and .provided with adjustable shoes, which bear from opposite sides on eccentrics on the main shaft, in combination with tension or counterbalance springs and connected with the tlexible diaphragm by means of adjustable rods, all combined and arranged in such manner that the shoes are, held in close contact with the eccentrics, and so that a rapid vibratory motion can be imparted to the flexible diaphragm without causing any blows or shocks, and so that the strokes may be lengthened or shortened at pleasure; fourth, one or more partitions on the top of the ore-bed to prevent the mass of ore in the orebed from becoming uneven or broken-a disadvantage which cannot be avoided if the ore-bed exceeds a certain width, the partitions being intended to divide the volume of ore and keep it in a narrow channel as it traverses the ore-bed between the suppl-y and discharge; fifth, an aperture in the bottom of the ore-bed, so constructed that the concentrated or pure ore will be discharged down through the bellows, in combination with double-channeled side discharges, through which will be delivered from the upper channels pure tailings, and from the lower channels middlings,

or a mixture of pure ore and tailings, thus producing three qualities in the work of separa- 'tion-viz., clean separated ore through the bottom, tailings or worthless gangue through theuppersidechannels,andmiddlingsthrongh the lower side channels, it being necessary with certain classes of ores to produce this mixture and pass itthrough the machine again to be more perfectly.separated; sixth, a roof-shaped partition in the discharge-passage for separated ore, so arranged as to prevent the lower and heavier stratum of ore from being broken and mixed with the upper stratum of middlings or tailings during its discharge, and to insure an even and uniform discharge.

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical sectionot' one of my machines when constructed with bot-tom and side discharges to produce three qualities in the process of concentrationviz., pure ore, tailings, and middlings. Fig. 2 is a transverse section ot' the same. Fig. 3 is a plan or top view of one of my machines, when constructed as a double machine with end discharges only, to produce two qualities iu the process of concentration-viz., pure ore and tailings. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section of the same. Fig. 6 is an end view of the same. Fig. 7 is a plan or top view of the flexible diaphragm as used in both the single and double machines, represented in Figs. l to 6. Figs. 8 8 are the same when the valves are placed elsewhere, and when the concentrated ore is discharged into the bellows, either through the pertbrations or meshes, or through an aperture or apertures in the orebed. Fig. 9 is a transverse section of the same when the concentrated ore is discharged through a pipe passing from an opening in the ore-bed down through the bellows and diaphragm. Fig. 1() is a plan or top view of an ore-bed like that last mentioned.

Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.

In the drawings, the let-ter A designates a frame made of metal or any other snitablematerial, and so constructed that it is capable of supporting the driving mechanism, thebellows, ore-bed, and other working parts.

The ore or other substance to be treated by my machine, if not already in a pulverized or granular condition, is rst reduced to the required tineness by suitable crushers or stampers, and it isv then fed -into the hoppers B, from which it is allowed to run out and to spread over the ore-bed G. This ore-bed is constructed of a perforated plate of sheet metal, or of wiregauze, or of cloth, buckskiu, or other porous material, and it is supported by a grate, D, to the top of which is secured a box, E, which also embraces the hoppers B, such hoppers being separated from the remainder of the box by suitable partitions and adjustable gates. The ore-bed C is clamped between the upper surface of the grate D and the bottom surface ofthe box E, and a packing-piece, a, of india- 'rubber or other suitable material, is interposed, so as to produce an air-tightjoint and prevent the escape of air.

In Figs. 1 and 2 I have represented the hoppersB at the opposite ends of the box E, and in this case the ore-bed slopes down towardthe middle, where it is provided with an opening, b, which I term the bottom discharge or delivery,77 while the box E is provided in its sides with openings c, which form the side discharges or deliveries. The ore, on being let out from the hoppers B, spreads on the orebed, and it is then agitated by currents orjets of air produced by the bellows situated below the grate D. The bellows which I use in preference to any other are constructed ot' a diaphragm, F, made of india-rubber or other snitable fexible material, and provided with airvalves d, as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings. This diaphragm is clamped between the supportingframe of the grate D and the main supporting-frame A, and it is connected to a bellows frame, G, to which a reciprocating inotion is'imparted by the driving mechanism that willv be presently described. Thejoint. between the supporting-frame ofthe grate D and the diaphragm is rendered air-tight by a pack.- ing-piece, e, ot' india-rubber or other suitable material, and this packing-piece also serves to protectthe diaphragm from abrasion, wear, or injury by being brought in contact with the frames between which it is clamped. When the ore-bed is constructed with such bottom delivery the'diaphragm F is perforated in its middle with an aperture corresponding to such bottom delivery, and a tightjoint is produced round this aperture by a crossbar,f, secured to the supporting-frame ot' the grate D, and pressing the diaphragm down upon another crossbar, g, secured to or forming a portion of the main supporting-frame A,both cross-bars being perforatedwith apertures corresponding to the bottom delivery, c, of the ore-bed, such perforations being somewhat larger than the opening in the ore-bed to allow the free passage of anything that once enters the opening, and thus clogging is prevented. By these means the diaphragm F is divided in two parts, each of which is provided with a separate air-valve or set of valves. Another object ot' this partition is to prevent one end of the machine from robbing air from the other. If the diaphragm was not partitioned, as shown in Fig. 4, that section or part of the ore-bed which might have on it the thinnest or lightest mass of ore would afford the readiest escape for the air, and it would agitate that sectiontoo much, while the other section would be agitated too little, The partition obviates this diticulty and gives a uniformdistribution of the air in both sections aud in all parts ot' the orebed. The diaphragm thus constructed prevents any tine particles of ore which might pass through the ore-bed from dropping down upon and from injuring the working mechanism, and also affords a means of readily saving and securing such tine ore, owing to the facility of removingthe entire top and exposing the diaphragm. This is au importantfeature, particularly when the machine is employed in separating ores containing precious metals; but I prefer to keep the driving mechanism in a dust-proof' casing, as it serves the purpose of keeping ont all dust and grit.

The currents'of air produced by the action ofthe diaphragm F pass up through the perforated ore-bed and through the ore spread thereon, 'and by these means the light parts of the'ore are made to arrange themselves on the top, while the heavy parts sink down to the bottom of the mass ot' ore spread on the o'rebed, so that by the time the ore reaches the middle of the ore-bed the heavy parts will dis- I charge throughthe center delivery, b, while the light parts discharge through the side deliveries, e. j

The work of separation of the heavy from the lighter particles is effected very quickly, almost immediately. A very few vibrations of the diaphragm is all that is required, so that the length of the ore-bed may be quite short and yet do the work efficiently. I prefer to make the ore-bed the proportional length shown on the drawings, so that I can have a compact machine with the driving mechanism conveniently located underneath. This was one object I had in view in adopting the plan of a double machine with the end deliveries.

The side deliveries are best seen in Fig. 2 of the drawings. They are situated at a certain elevation above the ore-bed, and from each of them extend'two channels, h i', one above the other, the lower channel to carry oft' the middlings andthe upper one to carry off the tailings, as already described. The tailings will be worthless. The middlings are to be treated over again. In separating the coarser ores two deliveries, as shown in Fig. 1,'will in most cases be sufficient; but for finer ores, and with ores difficult to treat, three deliveries, as shown in Fig. 2, will be often found desirable. The middlings can be taken by elevators back into the' hoppers, the pure ore, delivered atthe bottom, can be saved as finished, and the tailings will be thrown awa-y.

The discharge of ore through the several deliveries or channels is regulated by a checking-gate, j, under the mouth ofthe bottom delivery, and by similar checking-gates, ji, under the discharge-openings of the lower channels, 7L, of the side deliveries. These checking gates are adjustable, and their position may be regulated by means of a thumb-screw, or of an arm, I, which extends from a rock-shaft, m, to which the required motion can beimparted by a lever, o, and screw-rod a. (Best seen in Fig. 2.) By closing the bottoni delivery partially or wholly, either by devices last mentioned or otherwise, the discharge ofthe heavy ore is checked, and it is dammed up, and the discharge of the middlings and tailingsis proportionatelyincreased.

To prevent the mass of ore which is disposed iu strata on the ore-bed according to the density or specihc gravity of the particles from getting broken and mixed, after being so disposed in strata, I have applied one or more partitions, p, whereby the width ofthe volume of ore is reduced, and its liability to become uneven andl broken is materially diminished. If the mass of evenly-distributed ore becomes shifted and out of level, the air escapes through the thinnest parts of the mass, and the desired effect of the ore-separator is lost, or at least materially reduced. The number and distance apart of these partitions will depend on the peculiarities of the ore.

' The mechanism for imparting the required motion to the diaphragm Fconsists of two eccentrics or cams, q, mounted on the driving- Shaftr, and workin g against shoes s, which are secured in the bifurcated ends of levers t and bear on the eccentricsfrom opposite sides. For these shoes I use blocks of wood of hard and tough fiber-such as locnst-inserted endwise. Here is the point of greatest friction and wear, and wood is preferable to metal. Metal must be carefully fitted and kept fitted to the eccentrics, while wooden blocks will wear and keep worn to a lit. Wooden shoes can be quickly and cheaply replaced, while those made ofmetal cannot. Besides, wood will take up the tremor and make the machine run smoothly and with very little noise, while two metal surfaces in contact and subjected to such rapid motion and severe friction Awill produce much jai ring and agreat cla-tter. A wooden shoe will, in my opinion, last longer than if made of iron or steel. Iattach much importance to this feature of my driving` mechanism. My machine without these wooden shoes would occasion me considerable trouble and annoyance.

The levers t have` their fulcra in standards u, rising fromthe bed of the machine, and their outer ends connect by rods c with the bellowsframe G. As the shaft i' revolves an oscillating motion is imparted to the levers t and a rising-andialling motion to the bellows-frame Gr. The diaphragm F is therefore alternately drawn down so as to admit air through the valves wherever placed, and then it is pushed in, whereby the valves are closed, and the air previously drawn in is forced up through the orebed. The motion of the shaftrand of the diaphragm F must neceesarily be very rapid, so as to produce the required effect, and the eccentrics q are liable to produce blows on the shoes s.v To prevent such blows I have applied to the lever t tension-springs te', which,v serve as counter-balances to keep the shoes s always in close contaet with the surfaces oftheir eccentrics, and which also give the machine something to do when the bellows is on its downward motion. As the upward stroke is given, the air forced through the ore-bed meets with resistance, and if the downward motion had nothing to retard it, there would be an irregularity aud unsteadiness which would be objectionable.' This is completely remedied by the counterbalance-springs. By these means all dead motion is avoided, and a very rapid motion can be imparted to the diaphragm F without diflculty, and at the same time the land the machine might soon become permanently disabled. The fly-wheel y aids greatly to produce this steadiness of motion.

Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, which represent the double machine, show the hoppers B in thelnidf dle of the ore bed C and the deliveries c* at the ends. rl`hese end deliveries, 0*, are best seen in Figs. l and 2, each end delivery being provided with two channels, h* 45, one abovethe other. vThe middlings and tailings, as already stated, discharge through the upper channels, ii, and the heavy ore through the lower channels, M. 1n the last-named channels or'pas sages l have arrange-d roof-shaped partitions a'. (Bestseen in Fig.5.) These partitions, as already stated, preventthe stratum ot separated ore, while the same discharges, from getting broken and mixed with tailings and render the discharge uniform, so that the stratum of sep arated ore on the ore-bed in close proximity to the discharge will not lose its uniform depth and evenness. v

A detached plan or top view of the flexible diaphragm is given in Fig. 7 ofthe drawings. If the ore is discharged or allowed t0 sink through the perforations or meshes of the orebed down into the bellows and to lodge on top of the diaphragm, I introduce a tube, bi, which is fastened in the middle of such diaphragm by a flange, which may be circular, as shown in Fig.l 8'; or there'may be a bottom delivery with a pipe or tube passing from an opening in the ore-bed down through the bellows and diaphragm, as shownvin Figs. 9 and yl0, in

which case no ore would enter the bellows nor touch the diaphragm, unless, perhaps, tine particles, as hereinbefore intimated.

I will now proceed, at the risk of some repetition, to allude more particularly to that feature which I conceive to be most important in my invention-viz., the bellows or blowing device.

To render a dry-ore separator valuable it is indispensable tha-t the air used should be perfectly under control, and that the machine should be so constructed as to allow the operator to introduce currents, puffs, blasts, or jets of air through the material to be separated with more or less force, and with lon-ger or shorter strokes, and with faster or slower motions, at pleasure. These variations are necessary. If, forinstance, the material to be treated is magnetic iron ore containing quartz, it is to be prepared by roasting and coarsely-granulatin g, as ordinarily done by sta mps or crushers when the oldfashioned water-separator is used. rIhe mass ot' such ore on the ore-bed may be several inches-say five or siX-in depth, and the strokes may be three hundred per minute, and,say, twoinches in length. lf, on the other hand, the material is quartz contai ning free gold in very fine particles,it should be pulverized quite fine, and then the mass should be spread out much thinner-say one inch, or perhaps halt'l an inch, in depth-and the strokes should be more rapid in numbersay four hundred to six hundred per minuteand much shorter-sayone inch, and perhaps half an inch, in length. lf the air-chamber is not perfectly air-tight, so that the air cannot by any possibility escape except through the mass on the ore-bed, the machine will wholly fail to separate some kinds of ores capable of being separated, will do its work imperfectly on any kind of ore, and the operator will not be'able to employ short strokes at all.

The bellows is liable to collapse or wear out rapidly if constructed with leaves like those used in an organ. If constructed with a diaphragm to work like a piston, the rapid motion and friction will soon rub off so much ofthe wearing-surface that repeated and frequent repairs and new packing for a close joint will become necessary, and even then the air-chamber will not be air-tight. If the blowing contrivance is hun g to swing on a rock-shaft, the diaphragm will still allow wind to escapearound its circumference, and the side farthest from the rock-shaft will describe too great an are, and travel so much farther than the side attached tothe shaft that the diaphragm will come up with a dirt and produce a shock with every motion, which shocks are calculated to 4 get the mechanism out of order.

'To avoid these evils and secure a perfectly airtight chamber I have devised the exible diaphragm hereinbefore described. In a large machine constructed by me upon this plan I have used and prefer a rubber plate about one-half inch in thickness; but leather and any other stron g, air-tigh t, and flexible materialcan be made to answer the purpose. Whatever is used the thickness of the material ought to be graduated to the-superlicial extent of the snrface of the diaphragm, and ought to be as thick as its free vibration and use will permit. Beside making the chamber air-tight there'are other advantages securedby such a flexible diaphragm. The outer edge of the rubber being clamped and secured tightly between the framework of the air-chamber and the supportingvframe below, and the connection of thel driving mechanism tothe diaphragm being near its center, the vibrationsofthediaphragm areconh'ned chietly lto such center, so that when there is a strokeoneinch in length such center will vibrate that distance, while the diaphragm, near the outer edge so clamped, will move or vibrate very little--say one-sixteenth of an inchthus prevventing abrasion and wear at points where the piston and rock-shaft diaphragms would be sure to be worn. By my method there is no frictionin the bellows. I have run my machine thus constructed steadily for several weeks,

concentrating iron ore at the rate of more than tive tous per hour, and on removing the top and exposing the bellows I found it as clean and sound as it was when first put in. There was no abrasion or wear whatever, while with a machine containing a piston-bellows, and operated by me, I found that its diaphragm required new packing almost daily, and even with these constant repairs it worked very irnperl'ectly, owing to the air escaping around its circumference. Another advantage is the facility with which such a rubber plate may be adapted to separators of diverse patterns, especially with reference to discharging thel separated or heavy particlesafter the actionof the air has drivenout-the lighter. For example, the heavy particles may be vdischarged through an aperture or apertures in the orebed down into the air-chamber and allowed4 to lodge on top of the diaphragm.

In such case the rubber plate would be left entire, without any opening cut out of it'for the valves,as shown in Fig. 8, and the valves would be inserted in the sides, or in some other convenient part of the air-chamber. The ore lodging on the diaphragm may then be made to pass through an opening in or near its center, the edge of this opening to be secured `to the flanged end of a pipe by clamping the flange on the top of the rubber with a flanged screwnut encircling the pipe and working in a thread cut around it for a `proper distance below the upper tlange of the pipe. Thus clamped and secured, as shown in Fig. 9, With the other end of the pipe fastened to make it stationary and firm, there would be no impediment to the free vibration of the diaphragm, as the center frame,

which is attached to the driving mechanism, would be far enough oil' from the opening to allow the rubber to give when the diaphragm moves up and down. The diaphragm being dishing, the ore lodged upon it would readily pass through the opening, and no air would escape out of the pipe, because its lower end would be arranged so vas to keep its contents checked or dammed up with a sufficient accumulation of the discharged ore to prevent such an occurrence. Again, this pipe, instead of opening into the airY chamber, may have its upper end extended above the upper dange, up through the ore-bed, as shown in Fig. 9. By

this: means the separated ore would be discharged directly from the ore-bed down through the pipe'and out at its lower end. In short, it is immaterial what may be the peculiar construction of the ore-bed, whether in manner and form as shown on the drawings, or with its perforations or meshes large enough-to let the separated ore passJ down, either directly through such perforations or meshes, or iirst through the interstices of a stratum of ore or other substance too coarse to pass through such perforations ormeshes. The diaphragm and pipe, constructed and adjusted in combination as iirs-t'described, will discharge the contents ofthe chamber as they accumulate there.'l I have invented an ore-bed of this description, and intend hereafter to make application to have the same secured to me by Letters Patent. Instead of constructing the orebed wit-h two end discharges, l have also contemplated a machine with a circular ore-bed, having its discharge all round the periphery of such bed, which will also form the subject of a subsequent patent. In such oase the diaphragm may be circular, as shown in Fig. 8.

There is still another advantage which my bellows possesses. The driving mechanism may be applied in a variety of ways. For most ores and'subs'tances I prefer the method shown Y on the drawings; but for several others it will suffice to attach the'bellows-frame to a crankmotion by means of rods or lpitmen extendin g above or below and connected to a crankshaft or to eccentrics on a shaft, and this shaft may be in the same room, or in a room overhead or underneath; and the same shaft may have a series of cranks or eccentrics to drive a number of machines at the same time. Again, my bellows may brought down bymeans of a trip-wheel', and thrown upward to force the air through the mass on the ore-bed by means of a spring or springs. For such springs I prefer rubber, so applied that when the trip-wheel brings the bellows down to admit air through the valves the descent will compress the rubber springs, and their expansionwill throw the bellows up. when used in this way, while'it may lose its elastic power if pulled ou the downward motion and allowed to spring back to produce an upward throw. If metal springs are used in a machine put to such severe trials as ore-separators are, theymay give out. Hickory or other wooden springs are preferable to metal; and I will add that my driving mechanism already described, and shown on theV drawings, may be detached from my machine and placed at a distance-for instance, in aeroom above or belo w-and may be employed, by proper adjustments and connections, to drive not only one machine,but a numberof machines at the Same time. in number and increased in length.

I have invented a machine with the bellows propelled by a trip-wheel and springs, and with a different ore-bed and different devices for discharging the ore and tailings; and I intend hereafter to make application to have the same secured to me by Letters Patent.

My bellows possesses other advantages which are worthy ot' mention. e

Owing to the facility and certainty with which the operator may regulate the length and frequency of the strokes, and the consequent diminution or increase in force ot' the blasts, he may separate the substances treated without the necessity of first sifting or sizing them. The masson the ore-bed may contain a mixture of various sizes and shapes, from particles like dust'to lumps like pebbles.

By increasing the area of the diaphragm and enlarging the size of the air-chamber relatively to the size of the ore-bed a surplus of air may be obtained and allowed to escape through suitable pipes, ducts, or channels in such manner as to drive off and out of the building in Which the machine is located all dust and impalpable powder rising into the surrounding atmosphereof the-room when the mass on the ore-bed is agitated, and thus save the machinery from the injury and relieve the operator from the annoyance which such dust might otherwise occasion. The same result may be accomplished by constructing the diaphragm and air-chamber with a partition, as

Rubber will retain its elasticity The connecting-rods may be multiplied shown in Fig. 4, and substituting a tight covhferingfor a perforated or'porous bed, thus re- 'thedouble machine described to a singleflehine `with only one'end discharge; or

' algyirrate-and independent tight-topair-chamber, with the diaphragm and wit-hout the per-v f forat'ed or porous bed, may be constructed for the` special purpose of carrying oft', through suitable pipes, ducts,vor channels, all dust i arising -fr'om one or more of the machines; and such blowing device, for the purpose last men-` tioned, may be driven by an attachment to the` driving mechanism already described, or by 'an independent motion by crank or other-` wise. For blowing off the dust the same care,

'in respect to the length and` rapidity of the stroke, is not to be observed as whenv the bel-1 lows is used inthe work of separation.

` l My bellows willy also permit the size of the l machine to be indefinitely expanded from one` worked by hand to one requiring` several horse' power. The size'most suitable to be adopted, Twill depend on the quantity, quality, and pe-l culiar character of the ore or substance to be: separated, and due regard should'also be had tothe place where the niachineis to be transported, and to the locality where-it is 'to be op erated. I propose to constructone capable of treating one tonof ore an hour, which may be worked by one man and carried by one mule,

and I might construct one, if deemed'advisa-j ble,'t0 be operated onvr alluvial deposits containing gold, and in other very heavy work, which would 'dispose of such enormous quan- Vtities as to compete with, if not wholly super- ',sede, the hydraulic'rneans. now employed on v4such deposits in California and elsewhere; but `for crushed or stamped ores,l which constitute 'the great bulk of substances to be separated, I prefer to multiply the number of machines to giving to them dimensions which might render them diicult to handle.

Other uids may be substituted for air by im In ersin gthe valves in a reservoirabundantly supplied with the duid so substituted. With some orcs andsubstanceswater, also solutions and even quicksilver, maybe found preferable to air. The substituted iluid may be used over and over again; and, finally, the

' machine can be employed' to separate any min eralsor'other substances already possessing, or re'quirn gto be reduced to, a pulverized or granular condition, including cereals and various kinds of seeds, whenever and wherever any of these may be found` to contain particles or grains of diierent specific gravities which it may be desirableto separate; but for shine ores I prefer another machine which I have invented, and which I intend to have patented. Y

Havingthus describedmy invention and improvements, what I claim' as new, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is f' 1. The flexible diaphragm F, constructed of an indiaerubbcr plate or other suitable flexible material, for forcing air through dry substances' of different specific gravities, substantiallyas described. 4 I i 2. The central discharge in the ilegible' diaphragm F, substantially as and for the purpose described. Y 3. The arrangement ot` one or more parttions, p, on the perforated bed, substantially as described. 4; The forked levers t, provided with adjustable'shoes s, bearingon eccentrics q on the driving-shaft, in combination with tensionsprings zo, connecting-rods c, and exible diaphragm F, substantially 'as shown and described.

5. The roof-shaped partitions a: in the passage hi, substantially as shown and described.

6. The arrangementot'side deliveries, c, each provided with two passages, h i, in combination with the bottom delivery, b, and with the bed, substantially as described.

, WILLIAM HOOPER. Vitnesses J. P. RAMsAY,

A. M. PINcHIN.

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