US10039104B2 - Dynamic beamforming method and related apparatuses using the same - Google Patents

Dynamic beamforming method and related apparatuses using the same Download PDF

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US10039104B2
US10039104B2 US15/235,108 US201615235108A US10039104B2 US 10039104 B2 US10039104 B2 US 10039104B2 US 201615235108 A US201615235108 A US 201615235108A US 10039104 B2 US10039104 B2 US 10039104B2
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dimension
oversampling rate
codebook
subset
oversampling
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US20170048863A1 (en
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Tsung-Hua Tsai
Chin-Kuo Jao
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Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/0478—Special codebook structures directed to feedback optimisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/0482—Adaptive codebooks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0636—Feedback format
    • H04B7/0639—Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H04L5/005—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver of common pilots, i.e. pilots destined for multiple users or terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H04W76/27—Transitions between radio resource control [RRC] states
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0636—Feedback format
    • H04B7/0645—Variable feedback
    • H04B7/065—Variable contents, e.g. long-term or short-short

Definitions

  • the disclosure is directed to a dynamic beamforming method and related apparatuses using the same method.
  • the one dimensional precoder codebook has been upgraded into a two dimensional precoder codebook.
  • An Evolved NodeB eNB
  • the two dimensional codebook would increase the directivity of a RF beam of a beam group so as to increase the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of a user equipment (UE) under the coverage of the RF beam.
  • SINR signal to interference plus noise ratio
  • UE user equipment
  • the increase directivity of the RF beam would mean that the UE could slip through the coverage of RF beams and thus the resolution of the beam coverage would need to be increased.
  • the resolution of a beam coverage could be increased or decreased by adjusting an oversampling rate of a beamforming weight.
  • the increased oversampling rate could be mean that the signaling overhead required to select a precoder matrix would be increased.
  • the oversampling rate would also affect the search space of a UE receiving. Specific details are elucidate in FIG. 1 ⁇ FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a codebook for single layer CSI reporting by using antenna ports 0 to 3 or 15 to 18 as specified by 3GPP technical specification (TS) 36.213 which is incorporated by reference to define the concepts and definitions of the disclosure.
  • the codebook is an example of a typical one dimensional codebook. As the codebook was modified to accommodate for multi-dimensional transmissions, the codebook has not only become more complex but also the overhead of precoder matrix indicator (PMI) has also been increased. A precoder from the codebook could be used by selecting a PMI.
  • PMI precoder matrix indicator
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a two dimensional codebook as specified by 3GPP LTE release 13.
  • N (x) O (x) 201 where N (x) represents codebookConfigN1 202 which indicates the number of antenna ports per polarization in dimension x as used for transmission of CSI reference signals.
  • the format of codebookConfigN1 is stated on the bottom of FIG. 2 where the value n1 corresponds to 1 antenna port, n2 to 2 antenna ports and so on.
  • O (x) represents codebookOverSamplingRateConfig-Ox 203 which indicates the spatial over-sampling rate in dimension x as used for transmission of CSI-reference signals, where the value n4 corresponds to 4 over-sampling rate, n8 corresponds to 8 over-sampling rate and so on.
  • This codebookOverSamplingRateConfig-Ox is synonymous with “oversampling rate” in this disclosure. Further details with regard to the functionalities related to the oversampling rate are described in TS 36.213 and TS 36.331 which is incorporated by reference to define the concepts and definitions of the disclosure.
  • the two dimensional codebook as specified by 3GPP LTE release 13 for example has a dual-codebook structure.
  • the long-term precoding matrix is a long-term precoding matrix which is based on the long-term statistical properties of the channel and could be utilized by referred to a long-term precoding matrix indicator (PMI)
  • PMI long-term precoding matrix indicator
  • W 2 is a short-term codebook which contains a short-term precoding matrix which could be utilized by referred to a short term PMI.
  • W ⁇ ⁇ 1 ( X 1 ⁇ X 2 0 0 X 1 ⁇ X 2 ) 2 ⁇ N 1 ⁇ N 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ L 1 ⁇ L 2
  • X 1 X 2 is the Kronecker Product (KP) operation.
  • X 1 is an N 1 ⁇ L 1 matrix with L 1 column vectors being a O 1 ⁇ oversampled DFT vector of length N 1 :
  • X 2 is an N 2 ⁇ L 2 matrix with L 2 column vectors being a O 2 ⁇ oversampled DFT vector of length N 2 :
  • N 1 and N 2 are the number of antenna ports per polarization in 1 st and 2 nd dimension.
  • an antenna setup thus creates quite pronounced channel properties, which are matched to a block diagonal structure of W 1 .
  • Short-term precoding matrix W 2 is design for beam selection as well as co-phasing between the beams selected for two polarizations. More specifically, the short-term codebook W 2 is designed with dynamic column selection for different antenna polarization and co-phasing ⁇ ⁇ among selected beams. W 2 can be represented as Rank 1:
  • ⁇ p e j ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ p 4 as e n denotes beam selection vector which is the n column of identity matrix I N1N2 .
  • An example selecting the 2 nd beam 401 of a precoding matrix W 1 W 2 is shown in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 5 An example of beam directions and related parameters is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • N d O d beams in the d th dimension.
  • FIG. 6 which shows a two dimensional grid of beam map.
  • N 1 2
  • the parameters that are shown in FIG. 6 are defined as the following.
  • the parameter i 1d is first PMI or long term beam group index
  • the beam group index i 11 indicates abeam group index in the 1 st dimension (e.g. a first dimensional first PMI) and beam group index i 12 indicates a beam group index in the 2 nd dimension (e.g. a second dimensional first PMI).
  • the indices i 11 and i 12 determine a beam group which could be phrased as a long term PMI (e.g. first PMI).
  • the index i 2 selects a beam within the beam group which could be phrased as a short term PMI (e.g. second PMI).
  • the parameter P d is intra group beam spacing.
  • the parameter s d is leading beam space between two adjacent groups or beam group spacing.
  • the parameter N d is numbers of port/TXRU per polarization.
  • the parameter O d is oversampling rates, and the parameter L d is number of beams in each beam group.
  • the codebook configurations and their corresponding beam group parameters of the codebooks is shown in FIG. 7
  • the legacy codebook design with fixed oversampling rate may not provide sufficient resolution to provide a full coverage since the larger antenna ports may implicate smaller beam coverage caused by highly directive antenna beams.
  • an increased oversampling rate may implicate greater burden for CSI reporting because of the increased codebook size.
  • the inefficient use of oversampling rate may also adversely impact the computational efficiency. Therefore, a dynamic beamforming method and related apparatuses that use the same method could enhance the above stated shortcomings.
  • the disclosure is directed to a dynamic beamforming method and related apparatuses using the same method.
  • the disclosure is directed to a dynamic beamforming method applicable to a base station.
  • the method would include not limited to transmitting a first reference signal; transmitting a first configuration message comprising a first oversampling rate of a first dimension and a first oversampling rate of a second dimension; receiving a first information feedback of the first reference signal based on the first oversampling rate of the first dimension and the first oversampling rate of the second dimension in response to transmitting the first configuration message; and transmitting a second configuration message comprising a second oversampling rate of the first dimension and a second oversampling rate of the second dimension after receiving the first information feedback of the first reference signal.
  • the disclosure is directed to a base station which includes not limited to a transmitter; a receiver; and a processor coupled to the transmitter and the receiver.
  • the processor is configured at least for: transmitting, via the transmitter, a first reference signal; transmitting, via the transmitter, a first configuration message comprising a first oversampling rate of a first dimension and a first oversampling rate of a second dimension; receiving, via the receiver, a first information feedback of the first reference signal based on the first oversampling rate of the first dimension and the first oversampling rate of the second dimension in response to transmitting the first configuration message; and transmitting, via the transmitter, a second configuration message comprising a second oversampling rate of the first dimension and a second oversampling rate of the second dimension after receiving the first information feedback.
  • the disclosure is directed to a dynamic beamforming method applicable to a user equipment.
  • the method would include not limited to receiving a first configuration message which comprises a set of oversampling rates comprising a first oversampling rate of a first dimension, a first oversampling rate of a second dimension, a second oversampling rate of a first dimension, and a second oversampling rate of a second dimension; selecting the first oversampling rate of the first dimension and the first oversampling rate of a second dimension; performing a first information measurement based on the first oversampling rate of the first dimension and the first oversampling rate of a second dimension; and transmitting a response message comprising the first oversampling rate of the first dimension, the first oversampling rate of a second dimension, and the first CSI measurement.
  • the disclosure is directed to a user equipment which would include not limited to a transmitter, a receiver, and a processor coupled to the transmitter and the receiver.
  • the processor is configured at least for receiving, via the receiver, a first configuration message which comprises a set of oversampling rates comprising a first oversampling rate of a first dimension, a first oversampling rate of a second dimension, a second oversampling rate of a first dimension, and a second oversampling rate of a second dimension; selecting the first oversampling rate of the first dimension and the first oversampling rate of a second dimension; performing a first information measurement based on the first oversampling rate of the first dimension and the first oversampling rate of a second dimension; and transmitting, via the transmitter, a response message comprising the first oversampling rate of the first dimension, the first oversampling rate of a second dimension, and the first information measurement.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a codebook for single layer CSI reporting by using antenna ports 0 to 3 or 15 to 18 as specified by 3GPP technical specification (TS) 36.213.
  • TS 3GPP technical specification
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a two dimensional codebook as specified by 3GPP TS 36.213 and TS 36.331.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the long term precoding matrix W 1 .
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example selecting the 2 nd beam of a precoding matrix W 1 W 2 .
  • FIG. 5 illustrates examples of 4 beams and 8 beams in the case of two antenna ports in a certain dimension with various oversampling rates.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a grid of beam map in two dimensions.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates codebook configurations and their corresponding beam group parameters of codebooks.
  • FIG. 8A illustrates an example of the relationship between the oversampling rate and the number of beams.
  • FIG. 8B illustrates the hardware diagram of a base station in terms of functional block diagrams in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8C illustrates the hardware diagram of a user equipment in terms of functional block diagrams in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8D illustrates a dynamic beamforming method applicable to a base station in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8E illustrates a dynamic beamforming method applicable to a user equipment in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a dynamic beamforming method based on an eNB adjusting an oversampling rate in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the parameters used for the examples shown in FIG. 11 FIG. 15 .
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an example of centralizing codebook restriction to the long-term PMI based on the method of FIG. 9 in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an example of centralizing codebook restriction to the long-term PMI with varying beam group size based on the method of FIG. 9 in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an example of aligning codebook restriction with long-term PMI region based on the method of FIG. 9 in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an example of aligning codebook restriction with long-term PMI region with varying beam group size based on the method of FIG. 9 in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 15A illustrates a first example of restricting codebook in a partial or shortened long-term PMI region in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 15B illustrates a second example of restricting codebook in a partial or shortened long-term PMI region in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates reporting CSI based on UE selected oversampling rate(s) in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a UE selecting oversampling rate(s) based on UE-assisting information in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates determining oversampling rate based on speed calculations in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates CSI reporting under periodic CSI mode in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates the concept of configuring a beam group in a grid of beam matrix in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates selecting a certain column in each non-overlapping beam group of the same size in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates selecting one or more columns of non-overlapping beam groups of the same or variable sizes in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates a result of combining multiple stages of column selection in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates forming beam group configuration two by combining multiple precoders according to TS36.213 Section 7.2.4.
  • FIG. 8A ?? FIG. 8E and their corresponding written descriptions serve to explain an overview of the disclosure.
  • the disclosure proposes a dynamically adjustable oversampling rate to the codebook.
  • the size of codebook may then be variable according to the dynamically adjustable oversampling rate.
  • a codebook restriction method could not only be utilized to further reduce or keep constant the CSI feedback overhead size but to reduce the search space of a UE during a measurement report process and thus decrease the overall computational complexity.
  • an eNB or a UE would be able to adjust the codebook size by adaptively changing the oversampling rate, or namely, the codebookOversSamplingRateConfig-Ox as previously described.
  • the oversampling rate or namely, the codebookOversSamplingRateConfig-Ox as previously described.
  • a larger oversampling rate would create a higher number of beams, while a smaller oversampling rate would create a lesser number of beams.
  • the disclosure proposes a dynamic beamforming method and related apparatuses using the same method.
  • FIG. 8B illustrates the hardware diagram of a base station in terms of functional block diagrams in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the base station would include not limited to a processing unit 801 electrically coupled to a transmitter 802 , a receiver 803 , a non-transitory storage medium 804 , and an antenna array 805 .
  • the antenna array 805 is electrically connected to the transmitter 802 and the receiver 803 and would include one or multiple physical antennas for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals.
  • the transmitter 802 contains circuits for transmitting wireless signal in a radio frequency spectrum, whereas the receiver 803 contains circuits for receiving wireless signals.
  • the non-transitory storage medium 804 may contain volatile and nonvolatile memories to store temporarily or permanent information such as programming codes, codebooks, various temporary and permanent data, and so forth.
  • the processing unit 801 contains one or more processors and processes digital signals to perform the proposed dynamic beamforming method described in FIG. 8E as well as subsequently described exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the functions of the processing unit 801 could be implemented by using programmable units such as a micro-processor, a micro-controller, digital signal processor (DSP) chips, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.
  • the functions of the processing unit 801 may also be implemented with separate electronic devices or ICs, and functions performed by the processing unit 801 may also be implemented within the domains of either hardware or software.
  • FIG. 8C illustrates the hardware diagram of a user equipment in terms of functional block diagrams in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the user equipment would include not limited to a processing unit 811 electrically coupled to a transmitter 812 , a receiver 813 , a non-transitory storage medium 814 , and an antenna array 815 .
  • the antenna array 815 is electrically connected to the transmitter 812 and the receiver 813 and would include one or multiple physical antennas for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals.
  • the transmitter 812 contains circuits for transmitting wireless signals
  • the receiver 813 contains circuits for receiving wireless signals.
  • the non-transitory storage medium 814 may contain volatile and nonvolatile memories to store temporarily or permanent information such as programming codes, codebooks, various temporary and permanent data, and so forth.
  • the processing unit 811 contains one or more processors and processes digital signal and to perform the proposed dynamic beamforming method described in FIG. 8E as well as subsequently described exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the functions of the processing unit 811 could be implemented by using programmable units such as a micro-processor, a micro-controller, digital signal processor (DSP) chips, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.
  • the functions of the processing unit 811 may also be implemented with separate electronic devices or ICs, and functions performed by the processing unit 811 may also be implemented within the domains of either hardware or software.
  • FIG. 8D illustrates a proposed dynamic beamforming method applicable to a base station in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the base station would transmit a first reference signal.
  • the base station would transmit a first configuration message comprising a first oversampling rate of a first dimension and a first oversampling rate of a second dimension.
  • the base station would receive a first information feedback of the first reference signal based on the first oversampling rate of the first dimension and the first oversampling rate of the second dimension in response to transmitting the first configuration message.
  • step S 854 the base station would transmit a second configuration message comprising a second oversampling rate of the first dimension and a second oversampling rate of the second dimension after receiving the first information feedback of the first reference signal.
  • the subsequent disclosure would describe the aforementioned steps in further details.
  • FIG. 8E illustrates a proposed dynamic beamforming method applicable to a user equipment in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the UE would receive a first configuration message which comprises a set of oversampling rates comprising a first oversampling rate of a first dimension, a first oversampling rate of a second dimension, a second oversampling rate of a first dimension, and a second oversampling rate of a second dimension.
  • the UE would select the first oversampling rate of the first dimension and the first oversampling rate of a second dimension.
  • step S 863 the UE would perform a first information measurement based on the first oversampling rate of the first dimension and the first oversampling rate of a second dimension.
  • step S 864 the UE would transmit a response message comprising the first oversampling rate of the first dimension, the first oversampling rate of a second dimension, and the first CSI measurement.
  • the subsequent disclosure would describe the aforementioned steps in further details.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a dynamic beamforming method based on an eNB adjusting the oversampling rate (e.g. (O 1 , O 2 )) in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the eNB 901 in phase I (P 1 ), the eNB 901 could make the codebook size coarse with s a smaller O 1 and/or O 2 when a UE 902 attached to the eNB 901 initially.
  • phase II (P 2 ) the eNB 901 based on UE feedback information in phase I (P 1 ) may change the codebook size by adjusting oversampling rate.
  • Coarse beams would mean that two beams 951 a 952 a would be further spaced apart; whereas fine beams would mean that two beams 951 b 952 b would be spaced closer than coarse beams such as 951 a 952 a.
  • the eNB 901 during phase I (P 1 ) would transmit a configuration message which may include not limited to a first oversampling rate (e.g. (O 1 , O 2 )) to the UE 902 .
  • the first oversampling rate could be a lower sampling rate and thus the resolution of the transmitted beam group would be coarse.
  • the UE for example, could be recently attached to the eNB or awoken from a sleep mode.
  • the UE 902 may perform a measurement (e.g.
  • the eNB 901 may implement phase II (P 2 ) by adjusting from the first oversampling rate into a second oversampling rate and by doing so change the codebook size where the second oversampling rate would be larger than the first oversampling rate.
  • phase II P 2
  • the eNB 901 would transmit a second configuration message which may include not limited to a second oversampling rate which would result in finer beams resolutions.
  • the second oversampling rate of the first dimension could be greater than the first oversampling rate of the first dimension.
  • the UE 902 may perform another iteration by performing CSI measurement based on a second reference signal and the second oversampling rate. Subsequently, the UE may transmit another measured CSI to the eNB 901 based on the second oversampling rate, and the eNB 901 may adjust from the second oversampling rate into a third oversampling rate, which could be larger or smaller than the second oversampling rate. In other words, the eNB would decide to go back to phase I (with smaller oversampling rate) or enter phase III (with larger oversampling rate).
  • Codebook subset restrictions could be implemented in various ways. After a UE has received from an eNB a first radio resource control (RRC) signaling related to codebook configurations, in response to receiving a CSI reporting (e.g. receiving a PMI) from the UE, the eNB may determine to centralize the codebook restriction to the long term PMI (e.g. by selecting the long term PMI), align with the long-term PMI region (i.e. beam group region), or shorten (make partial) the long term-PMI region by either reducing the CSI feedback overhead or by temporarily fixing or freezing the CSI feedback overhead.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • FIG. 10 The parameters used for the examples of FIG. 11 ⁇ FIG. 15 are shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the codebook configuration 3 with the checkerboard pattern is assumed for most of the subsequent exemplary embodiments.
  • an oversampling rate of a first dimension could be different from an oversampling rate of a second dimension.
  • the codebook configuration may also vary in actual practice.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an example of centralizing codebook restriction to the UE-selected PMI (e.g. by selecting the long term PMI) based on the method of FIG. 9 in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the eNB would transmit a configuration message to configure an oversampling rate having at least two dimensions.
  • the oversampling rate would result in transmissions having coarse beams with the numbers of ports of 2 in both the first dimension and the second dimension and with oversampling rate of 4 in both the first dimension and the second dimension.
  • the eNB would also transmit a reference signal such as a CSI-RS.
  • the restricted first subset 1102 of the codebook could be communicated from the eNB to the UE 1101 via a first radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the eNB may increase the oversampling rate (O 1 , O 2 ) to (8, 8). This is shown by the increased number of grids of the central figure of FIG. 11 . All the grids of the central figure are within the first codebook subset. The increase number of grid as the result of increased oversampling rate would increase the resolution of the grid of beams. The first codebook subset would decrease the search space of the UE 1101 and thus improve the computational efficiency of the UE 1101 .
  • the eNB may determine to further restrict the codebook size into a second subset 1111 which is smaller than the first subset 1102 in order to further decrease the PMI feedback overhead.
  • the restriction of the codebook into the second subset 1111 could be communicated from the eNB to the UE 1101 via a second RRC signaling.
  • the eNB may determine to increase the coverage of the beam group by reverting back to phase I which is to decrease the oversampling rate and to enlarge the codebook subset such as to adopt the first subset 1102 .
  • beam index e.g. PMI
  • the oversampling rate in phase N could be adjusted to be greater or lower at least in the first dimension or at least in the second dimension or both relative to phase N ⁇ 1.
  • the oversampling rate could be greater or lower than phase I in the first dimension while the oversampling rate in the second dimension remain unchanged.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an example of centralizing codebook restriction to the UE-selected PMI (e.g. by selecting the long term PMI) with different beam group size to enhance beam group coverage in order to fit the coverage of the channel angular spread.
  • the eNB may restrict the codebook restriction to a first subset 1202 based on information feedback (e.g. CSI feedback) in order to reduce the feedback overhead.
  • the restricted first subset 1202 of the codebook could be communicated from the eNB to the UE 1201 via a first radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the eNB may increase the oversampling rate.
  • the eNB may further restrict the codebook size into a second subset 1211 which is smaller than the first subset 1202 and increase the oversampling rate (O 1 , O 2 ) from (4, 4) to (8, 8).
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an example of aligning codebook with long-term PMI region (e.g. by selecting the long term PMI) based on the method of FIG. 9 in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the eNB would select the first long term PMI, and the first subset 1302 would be identical to the first long term PMI
  • the restricted first subset 1302 of the codebook could be communicated from the eNB to the UE via a first radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the eNB may increase the oversampling rate (O 1 , O 2 ) to (8, 8) in order to increase the resolution of the second beam group 1313 as indicated by a second long term PMI.
  • the restriction of the codebook into the second subset 1312 could be communicated from the eNB to the UE via a second RRC signaling.
  • the eNB may commence phase N by further increasing the oversampling rate and select a beam group 1323 .
  • the feedback overhead can further be reduced relative previous examples by reducing the feedback overhead for phase II.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates an example of aligning codebook with long-term PMI region (e.g. by selecting the long term PMI) with varying beam group size based on the method of FIG. 9 in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the eNB may then restrict the codebook restriction to a first subset 1402 in order to reduce the feedback overhead.
  • the first subset 1402 may identically align with the first beam group 1403 .
  • the restricted first subset 1402 of the codebook could be communicated from the eNB to the UE 1401 via a first radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the second beam group 1413 during phase II could be of a different size (e.g. larger) than the first beam group 1403 during phase I. It is worth noting that the second beam group 1413 may no longer be based on codebook configuration 3 with the checkboard pattern but may actually be another configuration. In other words, the second long term PMI has a different codebook configuration from the first PMI.
  • the codebook size of the second subset 1412 could be identical to the first subset 1402 or further restricted from the first subset 1402 but oversampling rate (O 1 , O 2 ) to (8, 8) would be increased to increase the resolution of the second beam group 1413 .
  • the change of the codebook into the second subset 1412 could be communicated from the eNB to the UE via a second RRC signaling.
  • FIG. 15A illustrates a first example of restricting codebook in a partial or shortened long-term PMI region (e.g. by selecting the long term PMI) in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the eNB would restrict the codebook to a first subset 1502 in order to reduce the feedback overhead.
  • the first subset 1502 is smaller than the first long term PMI.
  • the restricted first subset 1502 of the codebook could be communicated from the eNB to the UE 1501 via a first radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the first subset 1502 would be a partial or shortened long-term PMI region which is covered by the first beam group 1503 .
  • the eNB may further restrict the codebook size into a second subset 1512 which is, however, is still a partial or shortened long-term PMI or region of the second beam group 1513 .
  • the eNB may also increase the oversampling rate (O 1 , O 2 ) to (8, 8).
  • the restriction of the codebook into the second subset 1512 could be communicated from the eNB to the UE 1501 via a second RRC signaling.
  • the value of oversampling rate in phase N may be larger than the previous phase at least in a certain dimension such as at least the first dimension or at least the second dimension or both. It is worth noting that in FIG. 15 , the feedback overhead is further reduced as the feedback overhead for phase II is less than the feedback overhead for phase I.
  • FIG. 15B illustrates a second example of restricting codebook in a partial or shortened long-term PMI region in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • the second example is similar to the first example.
  • the oversampling rate of the first dimension could be different from the oversampling rate of the second dimension.
  • the oversampling rate of the first dimension is 8, and the oversampling rate of the second dimension is 4.
  • the dynamic beamforming method may also be UE assisted.
  • the eNB may transmit configuration messages to a UE and dynamically adjust the precoding matrix parameters based on information received from the UE.
  • the precoding matrix parameters may include not limited to antenna configuration (e.g. N 1 , N 2 ), oversampling rate (O 1 , O 2 ), codebook configuration (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4), PMI search space (CSR), and FD-MIMO operation (e.g. non-precoded (NP)) or beamformed (BF).
  • the NP FD-MIMO operation would include the use of long term and/or short term PMI, and the BF FD-MIMO operation would include the use of PMI configuration. If the oversampling rate is 8, the PMI is explicitly quantized; if the oversampling rate is 4, the PMI is implicitly quantized.
  • a UE would receive one or more configuration (i.e. UE-assisting messages) from an eNB.
  • the UE assisting message may include not limited to a set of oversampling rates (e.g. a first (O 1 , O 2 ), a second (O 1 , O 2 ), and so on.), UE-assisting information such as speed and heading/direction, the mode of CSI feedback transmission, and etc.
  • the UE may perform CSI measurement and report the measured CSI based on parameters of the UE-assisting message.
  • the UE may report the CSI measurement based on one particular oversampling rates of the received set of oversampling rates, based on multiple oversampling rates of the received set of oversampling rates, or based on all of the received set of oversampling rates.
  • the selection of the oversampling rate(s) by the UE could be determined based on various factors such as the movement of the UE. In general, if the UE is moving, then a lower oversampling rate could be selected; and if the UE is moving slowly or stationary, a higher oversampling rate could be selected instead.
  • the UE under a presetting time intervals ⁇ may report the same PMI, a different long-term PMI, or a different short-term PMI.
  • the details of the principle of operation is further elucidated in FIG. 16 ⁇ 19 and their corresponding written descriptions.
  • the UE-assisting message may include information to assist a UE to determine beam group related parameters.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates reporting CSI based on UE selected oversampling rate(s) in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • step S 1601 it is assumed that an event has triggered the eNB to transmit an aperiodic CSI-RS (Ap CSI-RS).
  • Ap CSI-RS aperiodic CSI-RS
  • the eNB would transmit a first configuration message ( FIG. 16 Msg. 1 ) which may include not limited to a set of oversampling rates a first (O 1 , O 2 ), a second (O 1 , O 2 ) . . .
  • the UE may and select one or more optimal oversampling rates and subsequently perform CSI measurement based on the selected oversampling rate.
  • the selection of oversampling rates could be based on maximum power of the transmission, the MU-MIMO pairing consideration, the speed of the UE (e.g. whether it is fast moving, slow moving, stationary, and etc.), and so forth.
  • the UE may then transmit the measured CSI or PMI to the eNB according to one of at least three possibilities based on the oversampling rates selected.
  • the UE may transmit a particular oversampling rate which has been selected by the UE along with the CSI measurements based on the particular oversampling rate to the eNB.
  • the UE may transmit to the eNB multiple selected oversampling rates along with CSI measurements based on the multiple selected oversampling rates.
  • step S 1604 c the UE transmits to the eNB all of the oversampling rates and the CSI measurements based on all of the oversampling rates.
  • the UE may report the CSI measurements to the eNB by using a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) for large oversampling rate(s) and by using a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) for small oversampling rate(s).
  • PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • the UE may report the CSI aperiodically (A-CSI) for large oversampling rate(s) and may report the CSI periodically (P-CSI) for small oversampling rate(s).
  • A-CSI CSI aperiodically
  • P-CSI CSI periodically
  • the eNB may also transmit another UE-assisted message by means such as a RRC message configured by a higher layer.
  • the UE assisted message may include UE-assisting information such as information that is reported at PUSCH or Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and could be used to determine the speed and direction of the UE. The UE could then report the CSI measurement by selecting an oversampling rate which could be selected based on the movement information of the UE.
  • SRS Sounding Reference Signal
  • step S 1701 it is assumed that an event has triggered the eNB to transmit an aperiodic CSI-RS (Ap CSI-RS).
  • the eNB would transmit a second configuration message ( FIG. 17 Msg. 2 ) which could be configured by higher layer and transmitted through RRC.
  • the second configuration message may include UE-assisting information including information that could be used to the UE to determine the speed and direction which could be reported at PUSCH or SRS.
  • step S 1703 the UE may and select one or more optimal oversampling rates based on the moving information of the UE.
  • the UE may obtain the moving information by detecting its movement within certain subframes by using a global positioning system (GPS) or a Gyro sensor which could be disposed within the UE.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the relationship between the oversampling rate selected by the UE and the speed of the UE per dimension is shown in FIG. 18 .
  • the speed of the UE could be derived by the UE moving detection mechanism.
  • the horizontal of FIG. 18 could be divided according different sections of ⁇ (d) k where d is the dimensional number and k is the value which divides speed into k+1 sections with each section corresponds to a range of speed and a particular oversampling rate.
  • the speed of the UE may first be determined based on various existing techniques. When the speed of the UE has been determined, the oversampling rate could be adjusted accordingly.
  • the first oversampling rate of the first dimension and/or the oversampling rate of the second dimension could be selected as relatively high oversampling rate
  • the first oversampling rate of the first dimension and/or the oversampling rate of the second dimension could be selected as relatively low oversampling rate
  • the UE After one or more oversampling rates have been selected by the UE, the UE perform CSI measurements which correspond to the oversampling rates selected. The UE may then transmit the measured CSI or PMI to the eNB according to one of at least three possibilities based on the oversampling rates selected.
  • the UE may transmit a particular oversampling rate which has been selected by the UE along with the CSI measurements based on the particular oversampling rate to the eNB.
  • the UE may transmit to the eNB multiple selected oversampling rates along with CSI measurements based on the multiple selected oversampling rates.
  • the UE transmits to the eNB all of the oversampling rates and the CSI measurements based on all of the oversampling rates.
  • the eNB may transmit a UE assisting message to configure a CSI reporting mode and a time window. The UE may then select the oversampling rate based on whether the PMI indicator is the same or different.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates another exemplary embodiments of using a UE assisting message.
  • the eNB may transmit to the UE a third configuration message (i.e. UE assisting message) which may include not limited to an indicator which sets the P-CSI mode and a time window, F.
  • the UE would perform the CSI measurement and select a corresponding PMI indicator.
  • step S 1903 a if different PMI indicators have been selected within F, then in step S 1904 a , the eNB would know that a larger oversampling rate has been selected and may decide to configure a smaller oversampling rate.
  • step S 1903 b if the same PMI indicators have been selected within F, then in step S 1904 b , the eNB would know that a smaller oversampling rate has been selected and may decide to configure a larger oversampling rate.
  • a beam group configuration could be formed by combining multiple stages of beam group columns.
  • Each beam group is non-overlapping from other beam groups and could be defined by parameters including at least a dimension, an oversampling rate, an offset value, and a down-sampling factor.
  • a stage could be formed by selecting columns of multiple non-overlapping beams groups, and a beam group configuration could be formed by combining multiple stages of columns.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates the concept of configuring a beam group in a grid of beam matrix in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
  • a beam group 2001 could be configured as a subset of an overall grid of beam matrix.
  • the overall grid of beams 2000 which could be expressed as expressed as [X H X V ] could be formed by oversampling one or both of a horizontal and a vertical domain, and the grid of beams 2000 could be partitioned into a plurality of non-overlapping beam groups.
  • Each of the beam groups could vary in sizes relative to other beam groups.
  • a subset of beams could be chosen from each group to form a codebook.
  • a subset of beams 2002 could be chosen from the group to form a codebook.
  • the particular subset 2002 contains only a partial column of a beam group in the horizontal domain in terms of oversampling rate (O H ) while all beams of the beam group in vertical domain is selected.
  • a grid of beams could be partitioned into a plurality of non-overlapping beam groups selecting a certain column in each non-overlapping beam group with the same size.
  • the first grid of beams 2100 could be partitioned into multiple non-overlapping beam groups including a first beam group 2101 and a second beam group 2102 .
  • the first beam group 2101 and the second beam group 2102 are non-overlapping.
  • the left most column (e.g. 2103 ) of each beam group could be selected.
  • the second grid of beams 2100 could be partitioned into multiple non-overlapping beam groups including a first beam group 2111 and a second beam group 2112 .
  • the first beam group 2111 and the second beam group 2112 are non-overlapping.
  • the third column (e.g. 2113 ) counting from the left of each beam group could be selected.
  • each beam group and selected columns could be configured in different ways.
  • One specific column in each non-overlapping beam group having the same size could be selected.
  • One such example could be seen in the first grid of beams in which one specific column in each non-overlapping beam group having the same size could be selected.
  • one specific column in each non-overlapping beam group could be selected, but each of the beam groups could have a different size relative to other beam groups.
  • An example of such is shown in the second grid of beams 2210 .
  • the specific columns selected could vary from one beam group to another beam group.
  • the first beam group 2211 has a different size from the second beam group 2212
  • the selected columns 2113 and 2114 are in different locations within each beam groups.
  • each non-overlapping beam group of variable sizes could be selected.
  • the first beam group 2221 has a different size from the second beam group 2222 , and multiple columns 2223 from the second beam group could be selected.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates forming a beam group configuration by combining selected columns from multiple stages.
  • the first stage 2301 is to be combined with the second stage 2302 .
  • the beam group dimension could be determined via setting certain parameters including the offset value O off and the down sampling factor (D H ).
  • the beam group configuration 2 could be formed.
  • FIG. 24 which combines multiple precoders 2401 2402 2403 2404 as specified in TS 36.213 Section 7.2.4 to form beam group 2 .
  • the present disclosure is suitable for being used in a wireless communication system and is able to dynamically adjust the oversampling rate for a specific dimension in order to reduce the feedback overhead related to the transmission of channel state information.
  • each of the indefinite articles “a” and “an” could include more than one item. If only one item is intended, the terms “a single” or similar languages would be used.
  • the terms “any of” followed by a listing of a plurality of items and/or a plurality of categories of items, as used herein, are intended to include “any of”, “any combination of”, “any multiple of”, and/or “any combination of multiples of the items and/or the categories of items, individually or in conjunction with other items and/or other categories of items.
  • the term “set” is intended to include any number of items, including zero.
  • the term “number” is intended to include any number, including zero.

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