US1003099A - Block-planer. - Google Patents

Description

L. G. FREEMAN.

BLOCK BLANER. APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 30, 1910.

Patented Sept. 12,1911.

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L. G. FREEMAN.

BLOCK PLANBR.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. so, 1910.

` 1,003,099. Patented sept. 12,1911.

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L. G. FREEMAN. BLoGK PLANER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 30, 1910.

1,003,099. Patented sept. 12,1911.

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CULUMBIA PLANOGRAPH CD.. WMHINGTUN. D. C

yUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LQUIS Gr. FREEMAN, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

BLOCK-PLANER.

l 1o all whom t may concern.

Be it known that I, LOUIS G. FREEMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented an Improvement in Block-Planers, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to rotary planers, and more especially to a form of planer adapted to plane or face the surface of blocks or slabs of wood or the like. The particular embodiment to be described is designed especially for facing and smoothing blocks used in dying out leather for shoe parts, but this embodiment as well as the invention in its broader aspects, is susceptible of other and general uses.

The objects of the invention are to provide a planer with a rotary planer head capable of convenient and accurate adjustment; to provide an improved form of dust and safety hood for the planer head; to so construct the planer head that it will act as a blower in said hood; to provide convenient means for controlling the application of power; to provide an improved beveling attachment to be operated in connection with the machine; and other desirable features which will hereinafter appear.

Referring to the accompanyingdrawings, wherein a preferred embodiment o-f the invention is illust-rated, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus, partly sectioned; Fig. 2 is a detail bottom plan view of the planer head adjusting mechanism; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section showing the dust hood in plan view; Fig. 4 is a perspective showing the cutterhead, the dust hood o-pen, and adjacent parts; Fig. 5 is a detail view of the dust chute; Fig. 6 is a detail plan view showing the beveling attachment in place; Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the beveling attachment; Figs. 8 and 9 are details in side and plan view respectively of a cuttercarrying wing and cutter therein; and Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional detail on the line in -io Fig. 1.

A suitable base 1 has parallel ways 2 formed thereon to receive a table 3 which is Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed August 30, 1910.

Patented Sept. 12, 1911. serial No. 579,708.

adapted to be reciprocated by a rack t en` gaged by a pinion 5 on a vertical shaft 6. The shaft 6 may be operated by suitable gearing 7 driven from a cross shaft 8 through a worm 9, and such gearing may be cont-rolled to give reciprocating movement to the table in any desired or known manner not illustrated herein. A hand operable shaft 7L may have geared connection with t-he table drive. The cross shaft 8 is preferably driven by belt or other geared connection from the driving shaft 13, hereinafter referred to. A column 10 rises from the base 1 and has vertical dove tail ways 11 and a horizontal overhanging portion 12. A chuteway 10a is also formed therein lwith an extended slot 10b down its front side. A shaft 13 has bearings 14, 15 in said horizontal portion and has fixed to the outer extremity thereof a member 16 formed as one element of a cone friction clutch. A driving pulley 17 is loosely fitted on the shaft 13 for limited longitudinal movement thereon, and has at one side thereof a coned out portion 18 adapted to coperate with and drive the member 16. At the other side of the pulley 17 is journaled an operating collar 19 having a pin 2O adapted to be engaged by the forked extremity of a lever arm 21 fulcrumed at 22 on the upright 10. Fixed to and extending horizontally from the arm 21 is a second arm 23 extending to the front of the horizontal portion 12 of the column and there engaged by an eccentric 24 suitably journaled in the column and having an operating handle 25. Referring to Fig. 1, itis to be noted that the eccentric 24 is sov connected with the handle 25 in relation to the arm 23 that as the handle 25 drops to its lowered position by gravity as shown. the eccentric 24 extends transversely of arm 23 in its line of movement so that therewill be no tendency for accidental displacement of the parts when in this position.

The shaft 13 carries a beveled pinion 26 engaging with a beveled gear 27 which has splined driving engagement with the vertical shaft 28. The shaft 28 has a bearing for rotation at its lower portion in a sleeve 29 which is threaded in an arm 30. The shaft 28 has fixed thereto at its lower end a rotary planer head 31 carrying a series of cutter holding lugs or wings 32, cutters socketed therein being designated at 33 and held therein by engaging screws or other suitable devices. The sleeve 29 is held against endwise movement relative to theI shaft 28 and hence is adapted to control the vertical position of the cutterhead, by bearing on the samey at its lower extremity and by engagement with a collar 34 fixed to the shaft 28, and an accurate adjustment of the cutterhead within small limits may be effected by .turning the hand wheel 35 rigid with said sleeve, by reason of the screw-threaded engagement of the sleeve with the arm 30. When so desired, the sleeve 29' may be clamped against displacement in any desired manner, the means shown being a split construction of the embracing portion of the arm 30 adapted to be drawn up against the sleeve. 29 by suitable bolts as at 74; a

clamp screw 74a also be used for this purpose. The longer rough adjustment of the cutterhead is provided by arranging the arm 30 to engage and slide on the dove tail ways 1l, and a rack bar 36 extends upward from said arm to be engaged and actuated by a suitable operator. Such an operator is shown as a stub -shaft 37 carrying a small pinion 3'8to engage the rack 36 and having a squaredY end 39 for engagement by a wrench. As a means for holding the rack bar 3'6, and therefore the cutterhead, in the position of any desired elevation, there is .provided a ratchet wheel A40 fixed to the' shaft' 37 and adapted to be engaged by a pawl 41 pivoted at 42 to the frame work and normally pressed into engagement with said ratchet by a spring 43. After said adjustment of the arm 30, it may be clamped to the ways 11, and as a suitable provision for such 'clamping the engaging portion :of the arm 30 is shown as split back for a proper distance andthe sides thereof may be clamped against the ways as by a screw bolt 72 and operating handle 73 thereon.

An 4annular dust hood 44 is formed to encircley 'the cutterhead, with upper and hood 44and the' 'adjusting-sleeve 29 `is effected by means 'of a peripheral groove in the disk 47 at the bottom of the sleeve 29, engaging a strap 48 bolted or otherwise fixed tothe dust hood, this arrangement causing the dust hood to partake rof the vertical adjustments eected by :said sleeve. The hood 44. has asrront portion 49 hinged tothe other part, so that it dan be v*raised to expose the cutterhead when desired and also so as to render it self-adjusting to I`different depth` cuts.. This' vhinged portion 49 has Vat its side adjacent the upright 10 an opening 50 adapted to communicate with the dust chute 51, which may be bolted or otherwise secured to the arm 30. The outlet side of the hinged portion 49 about the opening 50 is fianged as at 52 to form a vertical plane face at right angles to the line of the hinges of the portion 49 and such face has' a sliding fit with a coperating face on the dust chute 51, which has an opening 53 somewhat wider than the opening 50 so as to register therewith in the different adjustments of the hood 44 as effected by the sleeve 29. The fianges 52 serve to cover the portions of the enlarged opening 53 which are not in register with the opening 50, thus preserving in all positions a tight joint at this place, which prevents any escape of dust and chips and insures the delivery thereof intoy the chute. The dust chute 51 opens into the chuteway 10 and may have a chuteway shutter 54 of stiff plate material or the like, bolted or otherwise secured thereto to slide over and cover the chuteway slot 10b thus forming a closed passage to convey away the dust and chips.I Ah elbow 10c may be attached to upright 10 in communication with chuteway 10a to 'connect with an exhaust system. A

The upper part of the cutterliead 31 is formed with a peripheral flange 55 which rotates in close proximity to the flange 45, thus closing the top of the hood, the bottom being open for receiving chips, said` b'ottom, in operation, being substantially closed by the bloclrof work over which it operates and from which it carries away ther dust and chips. Thus the cutterhead with its series of cutter-carrying wings 32 is adapted to act in coperation with the hood `44 as a blower and in its rapid rotation it will create a substantial current of air4 to blow dus't, chips and the like through the opening 50 and into the chute 51. This constitutes, as shown and described, the most important feature of my invention. Also the particular form of the wings or chip-deflec'ting vanes 32, as shown, with their curved inclined front faces 56, -`constitutes a further feature of decided advantage, the inclined and curved, or scoop-like shape and angle of l'said wingstending to throw the Achips up and forward?, and therefore to innism and movements which regulate the positioning and operation of the facing cutters. One of my objects is to insure that whatever adjustments, with reference to the work, are given to the facing cutterhead, will be thereby automatically given to the edge cutter, and whenever the hinged p0rtion of the dust hood is raised for convenient inspection of the facing cutters, the same movement and mechanism turns up the edge cutters for inspection, and preferably also the latter are dependent for theirl operation and speed of operation directly upon the facing cutterhead. A further feature of importance resides in the provision for automatically maintaining the last mentioned mutual driving engagement of the two cutter members irrespective of slight variations in position of the dust hood under the influence of a more or less irregular block surface. For conveniently carrying out this last mentioned feature I provide a leaf spring 62 fixed at 63 to the support 57 to engage the free end of the shaft 60 and thereby hold downward a driving gear, preferably in the form of a friction disk 64 fixed to the shaft 60 to engage a track 65, preferably concave in cross section, formed therefor in the top surface of the cutterhead 31. The friction disk 64 may be faced wit-h leather Qr other friction material, and the engagement so formed between said disk and t-he cutterhead furnishes not only power to drive the beveling cutter 66 but constitutes one convenient means of attaining the above explained objects had in view as important features of my invention. The required angular connection is made by any convenient means, as by the bevel gears 67 and 68. The shaft 69 may be mounted in bearings in the support 57 at such an angle that the cutters 66 thereon in operation will produce the desired bevel. A further important advantage of the combination of parts thus far explained as carried by the facing cutterhead is that the edge cutter is thereby caused to operate on the edge just ahead of the facing cutters, thereby serving to prevent the chipping or breaking of the block at its edge where the facing cutters leave the block. Such chipping or breaking is liable to take place when the facing cutters are dull or the wood brittle, and by having the edge cutter operate to bevel the edge, it will be apparent that when the surface cutters reach the edge they find the same already cut off on a bevel and hence there is no liability to be any chipping or breaking of the edge. To accomplish the automatic beveling of narrow blocks being dressed by the surface cutters I provide one or more additional holes as at 58a, properly spaced in the hinged portion 49 so that the support 57 carrying the beveling cutter may be secured farther in from the edge of the table to operate upon such narrow blocks.

Referring to Fig. 4, I prefer to provide aprons 70 hinged as at 71 to the ends of the reciprocating table, these aprons being adapted to receive the dust and cuttings and carry the same over the extremity of the base with the driving gear therein, and as the hinge line passes over the end of the bed the apron will drop down, discharging such cuttings and dust beyond the end of the bed, and therefore prevent the same from getting into and interfering with the operation of the driving mechanism.

In use, a block or other piece of work a whose top surface is to be planed or smoothed, is secured to the work table 3 by usual T bolts or other securing means, and the ratchet 41 being released, the arm 30 carrying the cutterhead is lowered to engage the top surface of the work. The arm 30 may then be locked in place and the desi red fine adjustment to determine the exact depth of cut may be effected by manipulating the hand wheel 35, it being possible to effect this latter operation, if desired, and to vary the cut with extreme nicety while the cutterhead is in operation. The work table being given a to-and-fro motion by any suit-` able reversing gearing controlled by dogs at the side of the table, the desired removal of material may be effected byone or more cuts, and by adjustment of the hand wheel, 35 a line finishing or smoothing cut may be effected. The handle 25 is turned to throw the clutch faces 16 and 18 into engagement, thus communicating power from the driver pulley 17 to the cutterhead through the described connections, the spline engagement of t-he shaft 28 with the bevel gear 27 preserving the driving engagement in any vertical adjustment of the cutterhead, as above explained.

Since, as above explained, the hinged construction of the front portion 49 of the hood enables it to rise and fall to accommodate itself to different thicknesses of the work to be planed, and since the beveling cutter just described is mounted on such hinged portion, it is evident that said beveling cutter will partake of the rising and falling adjusting movements of the portion 49 in accommodating itself to variations in the work, and that hence the beveling cutter will be likewise adjusted correspondingly and properly in accordance with such variations, thus rendering this portion of the device automatic in its adjustments.

By virtue of the construction whereby the planer head and all its operating and adjusting devices are carried by the upright 10 at one side of the work table, thus leaving unobstructed access to the other side of the work table, it is possible to4 plane wider blocks with the same "size cutterhead and the n c1ntch,beingldisposed in a position within handy reach of thev operator from the front of the machine, it is evident that convenient manipulation is thereby effected.

The hood 44 with its flanges 45 and 46, when the parts Aare lowered so that the cutterheadV engages the work, in 1connection with the top flange 55 of the cutterhead, will form va substantially closed blower chamber having the outlet 5'0 into the dust chute, whereby any considerable escape of dust or cuttings is avoided.

Having described my invention, what I cllaim as" new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,

Y 1. A planer, comprising a base, a table mounted for reciprocation thereon, a rotary cutterhead mounted to rotate about a vertical axis, and having driving means, on

Y said base, -and a flanged hood for receiving debris and with connections to deliver the salme encircling said vcutterhead having the forward portion arranged for vertical movement transversely' of the line oftable reciprocation to rest upon the work by Vgravity and vfollow irregularities therein.

2. A planer comprising a base, a work support movable thereon, a rotary Vfacing cutterhead mounted opposite the face of said work support and a rotary beveling cutter arranged to oper-ate in conjunction with said cutterhead to trim the edge of the work, said beveling cutter hav-ing a driving element engageable with said vcutterhead to be driven thereby. p

l3.' A planer, 'comprising la base, a work table 4mounted for re'ciprocation thereon, a

malin facing cutterhead mounted opposite saidY work table, a cutterhead protecting. member mounted for vertical movement Y transversely of the line of table movement andfad-apted to -rest upon and be' fcontrolled by the work thereon, 'and -a secondary edge `cutter arranged vto be controlled by said member: y

v4. A planer, comprising 'ia base, `a work table mounted for reciprocation thereon, a

main facing `cutter mounted opposite Psaid work table, -ra cutter protecting member hinged' transversely of 'the line of table reoiprocation to rest upon and be contro-lied bythe work, land a secondary cutter carried by said member in position 'rto' trimfthe edge of the work.

5. A planer, comprising a base, a work ytable mounted for reciprocation thereon, a

rotary cutterhead mounted, and having driving means, on said base, a hood portion hinged transversely of the line of table reciprocation and adapted to extend about said cutterhead, and a secondary cutter mounted on said hood portion.

6. A planer, comprising a base, a table mounted thereon for reciprocation, a rotary cutterhead mounted on said base and having driving means, a hood encircling said cutterhead and having a hinged portion, and a beveling cutter attached to said hinged portion.

7. A planer, comprising a base, a work support, a rotary cutterhead having driving means and arranged to face work on said support, and a rotary beveling cutter having a driving disk arranged to engage and reoeive driving impulse from said cutterhead and mounted to trim the edges of the Work.

8. A planer, comprising a base, a work table mounted thereon, 'a rotary cutterhead having driving lmeans and mounted to face work on said table, a rotary beveling cutter mounted to trim the edge of the Work, and a disk connected with said beveling cutter and resting upon-said cutterhead for driving sai-d beveling cutter from said cutterhead by friction engagement.

9. A planer, vcomprising a base, a Work table thereon, a rotary cutterhead mounted on said base, fa hood for receiving debris and kwith connections for the delivery thereof,

completely encircling said cutterhead and having a portion hinged to swing transversely of the line -of table rec-iprocation, and a secondary cutter mounted on said hinged portion.

10.- A planer, comprising a base, a work table mounted thereon, a rotary cutterhead mounted on said base, a hood encircling :said cutterhead, a secondary cutter mounted on said hood, `and means for .simultaneously adjusting said cutterhead and said hood relative to the work.

1'1.. In combination, a base, a work table mounted thereon for horizontal reciprocation, driving gearing for said table underneath the same, andan .apron mounted for vertical movement on an end of said table and 'adapted to protect said ydriving gearing.

212. In combination, a base, `a work table mounted to reciprocate thereon, driving gearing therefor, and an apron hinged to an end of 'said work table and adapted to carry debris past said driving gear-ing yand then drop to ldeflect the -same away from the subjacent gearing.

13. A planer, comprising .a `base, a work support thereon, a member carried by the base having ways, an arm slidable along said ways `and having lmeans whereby it may be clamped thereto, means for adjusting said arm, a eutterhead carried by said arm, and name to this specification, in the presence of means for eeetng separate adjustmentof two subscribing Witnesses. the eutterhead relative thereto, said means consisting of a sleeve threaded n said arm LOUIS G' FREEMAN' and having engagement directly upon said Witnesses: eutterhead to adjust the same. M. J. SPALDING,

In testimony whereof, I have signed my 4 WVM. J. PIKE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Gommissioner of Patents,

' Washington, D. C.

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