UA8974U - Method for estimating individual biometric parameters of dental arch - Google Patents

Abstract

The method for estimating the individual biometric parameters of the dental arch consists in assessing the complex of odontometric, cephalometric, and photometric parameters followed by the direct step-by-step regression analysis and the development of the mathematical models for the estimation of the individual biometric parameters of the dental arch.

Description

Description of the invention

The useful model belongs to medicine, namely to dentistry, it concerns the determination of biometric 2 parameters of the individual normal form of the dental arch based on the analysis of odontometric, photometric and cephalometric indicators in adolescents of different sexes living in Ukraine.

The end result of orthodontic treatment is a natural, balanced aesthetic dental arch.

The lack of an optimal approach to a clear definition of the shape of the dental arch, as the ultimate goal of treatment, has created the existence of a great variety of views on this issue. 70 Many of the ready-made forms of arches offered by manufacturers today are based on the form of a chain curve, the key position of which is the distance between the molars. However, I.MU. MUpye (MUpye IOMU. Assigaye agsp adizsgerapsu teazigetepiv // At. U. Ogpypodopi - 1977. - Moi. 72. - R.303-308. indicates that the arc built according to the chain principle is suitable only in 2790 cases. Z. Vgatsp with co-author | pe yogt oi (ye pitap aepia! agsy //

Updiye ogpyod. - 1998. - Mine. 68, - R.29-36. illustrated the mathematical construction of the dental arch using the 12 beta function. The parameters of the depth and length of the dental arch in the area of the second molars are key for this model.

Of course, it is clear that a model built according to one or two parameters cannot describe the shape of the dental arch correctly (A sotri(egilei apaiuziz oi (She zPpare apa ziariyu oi tapairshag agsy bTogt / 9.M.

Rep, R.M. 5ipsiaig, O.G. report, K.O. AIehapaeg // At. 9. Ogypod. OepiogasiaI. Opposite - 1987. - Mine. 92. - R.478-483.|.

Nazzap Mogoogi with co-author. |Nazzap Mogoogi, Tapegepy Nozzeiipgadei Mick, Kega Zaeeda. That depia| agsp Togt temivyei // Apdie Ogpyod4. - 2001. - Mine. 71 (5). - R.67-74.4| solved the problem of non-standard dental arches by developing our own mathematical model based on the application of 4 parameters (depth and width of the dental arch in the area of second molars and canines). The authors claim that the polynomial function U-АХ b-8Х5 represents the dental arch with high accuracy and taking into account individual geometric features (square, ovoid and trapezoidal shapes). 29 In addition to various types of geometric functions for determining the main individual parameters of the dental arch, the methods of determining the molar and premolar distance by

Snagina and Ropi with amendments of Opaeg and Napiya, determination of the depth of the front part of the dental arch according to Korkhouse

Yhoroshilkina F.Ya. Guide to orthodontics - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Medicine, 1999. - 80Os.1. The basis of the above-mentioned indices is the established relationship between the mesiodistal dimensions of the teeth and individual parameters of the dental arch. However, as noted by G.B. Ospanova with co-authors. |Ospanova G.B., Popova D.N., i-

Popova O.M. The average size of the alveolar arches of the jaws in children and adolescents with an orthognathic bite in the age aspect // Stomatology. - 1988. - Mo5. - P.69-72| these indices do not allow obtaining the necessary idea about the final parameters of the dental arch. (se)

In nature, there are many harmoniously arranged dental arches with different shapes - oval, square, trapezoidal. Despite the fact that these forms are not precisely modeled today - they exist in nature. "

The level of modern medicine requires the development and implementation of new diagnostic approaches that will allow to calculate and determine the individual norm for each individual person, taking into account his/her constitutional type, ethnic characteristics of gender and age. 70 To date, there are no biometric data on the shapes and geometric parameters of the dental arches of teenagers in Ukraine, as well as data on the presence or absence of gender differences in these features, their relationship with odontometric, photometric and cephalometric data.

The prototype of the proposed method is not known.

The main difference of our proposed method is taking into account, in addition to purely odontometric parameters, also the dependences of the dental arch parameters on cephalometric and photometric dimensions that we found. The dental arch is represented by us not as some standard geometric function, but as a set of metric data (Ce) of the key points of the dental arch. This approach significantly increases the diagnostic value of our proposed method, -1 significantly increases the quality of treatment, early diagnosis and prevention of maxillofacial anomalies.

The basis of the useful model "Method of determining individual biometric parameters of the dental arch" t» 50 is the task of developing mathematical models for determining individual biometric parameters of the dental arch by studying odontometric, photometric and cephalometric parameters in adolescents with an orthognathic bite and conducting a direct step-by-step regression analysis.

The task is achieved by a method in which, according to a useful model, a set of odontometric, cephalometric and photometric indicators is determined, a step-by-step regression analysis is carried out and

They create mathematical models for determining individual biometric parameters of the dental arch.

According to the proposed approach, at the preliminary stage of determining the individual biometric parameters of the dental arch, the following are performed: - odontometric studies with the determination of the mesiodistal, vertical dimensions and distances between the tips of the large and small angular teeth using a modified caliper with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. When measuring, the recommendations of A.A. are taken into account. Zubova Zubov A.A. Odontology. Methodology of anthropological research. - M.: "Nauka" 1968. - 198p). The main geometric parameters of the dental arch are shown in Fig. 1; - cephalometric studies are carried out with three main tools: a soft centimeter tape, a large compass with a life-size scale of the Martin system. Generally accepted cephalometric points are used (Holovko N.V. Orthodontics. Bite development, diagnosis of maxillofacial anomalies, orthodontic diagnosis. - Poltava: PF "Forpika", 2003. - 296p.1

- photometric studies - photography is carried out according to the mid-sagittal and transversal planes. Images in /"RES format are processed in the graphic package Rpoiiozpor 7.0, the necessary cephalometric points are marked on the images, auxiliary lines are drawn and angles are indirectly measured Filimonov Y.V., Dmitriev M.O. Angular parameters of the face in urban boys and girls with an orthognathic bite / / Galician Medical Bulletin - 2005. - Mo1. - P.93-95).

At the final stage, the method of direct step-by-step regression analysis is used to develop mathematical models for determining individual biometric parameters of the dental arch.

The use of the proposed approach makes it possible to conduct a direct diagnostic assessment of 7/0 with a violation of the shape of the tooth row and to determine the individual normal shape of the tooth row according to the following ratios:

For boys:

Boys) 79 took 3 2-31166:1,491"M7 MU I-1,050'UV, 34 2-1,410"MA. 25 141.190" LANGUAGE 128Н7В 4 2-34.86651.254"M; OH P1.553" LANGUAGE 1250.174" DREAM. SNI-1 15178, 25. 1-1

For girls

girl)

ZNYAV 3 2-24.19342.407" MOVTYA 12-0.188"M RAM-1.94975 32-1.223"3 ЗB5NYAV 4 2-17.33842.840"MOVI 1241.238"UV 15 11.342"MON MM I0.866 "3 3157, 4 3-43,

Where:

DISMISSED 3 2 - the distance between the tops of the canines; -

SIGN 4 2 - the distance between the tops of the vestibular tubercles of the first premolars;

SIGN 4 3 - distance between premolar points according to Pon;

SIGN 6 2 - the distance between the tops of the mesial vestibular tubercles of the first molars;

SIGN 6 3 - distance between molar points according to Pon; - ri c - the distance from the incisal point to the intercanine line; M

ORI E - the distance from the incisal point to the interpremolar line;

BI 5 - distance from the incisal point to the intermolar line; (22)

ZOMISUK - the distance of the right molar from the mid-sagittal line; co

ZOM I - the distance of the left molar from the mid-sagittal line;

From M2 MU GI - the distance between the near-buccal and near-lingual tips of the lower left first large canine tooth (36 teeth);

M2 07 Her - the distance between the near-buccal and far-buccal tips of the lower left first large canine tooth (36 teeth); in

M2 07 P - the distance between the near-buccal and far-buccal tips of the lower right first large canine tooth (46 teeth). с M2 ОМ Р - the distance between the buccal and distal lingual tips of the lower right first large "» canine tooth (46 teeth); " SK ru P - the distance between the mesial buccal and distal lingual tips of the first lower right large canine tooth;

Sk 07 P - the distance between the mid-buccal and distal buccal tips of the lower right first large canine tooth (46 teeth);

Ge) UVN MM GG - the distance between the far palatal and near palatal tips of the upper left first large canine tooth (26 teeth);

ШМ-МО07 ОН Р - the distance between the distal buccal and distal palatal tips of the upper right first

T" 70 large angular tooth (16 teeth);

MM72 07 The distance between the near-buccal and far-buccal tips of the upper left first large canine tooth (26th tooth);

REK 14 - the distance between the tops of the buccal and palatal cusp of the upper right first small canine tooth (14th tooth);

Co RK 24 - the distance between the tops of the buccal and palatal cusp of the upper left first small canine tooth (24 teeth);

RK 25 - the distance between the tops of the buccal and palatal cusp of the upper left second small angular tooth (tooth 25);

MOKA 11 - mesiodistal size of the upper right first incisor (11th tooth); 6o MO 12 - the mesiodistal size of the lateral upper right incisor;

MOKA 13 - mesiodistal size of the upper right canine (13th tooth);

MO 14 - mesiodistal size of the upper right first small canine tooth;

MO 15 - mesiodistal size of the upper right second small canine tooth (15th tooth);

MOKA 21 - the mesiodistal size of the upper left first incisor (21 teeth); because MO 22 is the mesiodistal size of the lateral upper left incisor;

MO 23 - mesiodistal size of the upper left canine (23 teeth);

MOKA 25 - mesiodistal size of the upper left second small canine tooth (tooth 25);

MOKA 44 - mesiodistal size of the lower right first small canine tooth (44 teeth);

MO 46 - mesiodistal size of the lower right first large canine tooth (tooth 46);

MUK 15 1 - the vertical size of the buccal tip of the upper right second small canine tooth (15th tooth);

MK 15 2 - the vertical size of the palatal cusp 15;

MUK 16 2 - the vertical size of the near buccal cusp of the upper right first large canine tooth (16th tooth); 70 UK 16 4 - the vertical dimension of the distal palatal cusp of the upper right first large canine tooth;

UK 23 1 - the vertical size of the labial surface of the upper left canine (23 teeth);

Uk 24 2 - the vertical size of the palatal tip of the upper left first small angular tooth (24 teeth);

UK 25 1 - the vertical size of the second upper left small canine tooth at the point of the buccal tip;

MUK 26 1 vertical dimension of the distal buccal cusp of the upper left first large canine tooth (tooth 26);

Uk 26 4 - the vertical dimension of the distal palatal cusp of the upper left first large canine tooth (26th tooth);

MK. 31 - the vertical size of the lower left first incisor (31 teeth);

UK 34 2 - the vertical size of the lingual tip of the lower left first small canine tooth (34 teeth);

MUK 35 2 - the vertical size of the lingual tip of the lower left second small angular tooth (tooth 35);

Uk 36 3 - the vertical size of the near-lingual tip of the left lower first large canine tooth (36 teeth);

MUK 43 1 - the vertical size of the labial surface of the lower right canine (43 teeth);

MUK 44 1 - the vertical size of the buccal tip of the lower right first small canine tooth (44 teeth);

Uk 44 2 - the vertical size of the lingual tip of the lower right first small canine tooth (44 teeth); t

Uk 46 2 - the vertical size of the near-buccal tip of the lower right first large canine tooth (46 teeth);

Uk 46 3 - the vertical size of the near-lingual tip of the lower right first large canine tooth "g zo" (46 teeth);

Uk 46 4 - the vertical size of the distal lingual tip of the lower right first large canine tooth - (46 teeth); b

From 15 - buccal-palatal size of the upper right first small canine tooth (15th tooth);

From 16 - the buccal-palatal size of the upper right first large canine tooth (16th tooth); co

From 24 - labial-palatal size of the upper left first small canine tooth (24th tooth);

From 25 - the buccal-palatal size of the upper left second small canine tooth (25th tooth);

With 32 - labial-lingual size of the left lower second incisor (32 teeth); "

With 45 - the buccal-lingual size of the lower right second small canine tooth (45th tooth);

With 34 - the buccal-lingual size of the lower left first small canine tooth (34 teeth); WITH

With 35 - labial-lingual size of the lower left second small canine tooth (35th tooth); c SNI SNI - width of the oral cavity;

І С ОР - the greatest length of the head; and?" in M5E - nasofacial angle;

EMT EMT - the smallest width of the head (frontal diameter); 7MM - the average width of the face;

Go! About EBT - the angle formed by the aesthetic plane and the nose. EK M ZT - angle EK M 5T;

ANGLE REK - the angle formed by the lines M-Sp and A!y-Zp; ik M A!M Zo - the angle formed by the lines p-ai and Ai-50o; - I A A - ear diameter (biauricular width); in OO - the width of the lower jaw, or the width between the corners of the lower jaws; iz" M. RAM - the length of the nose;

ZM REM - nose depth;

M M - nose height;

MO2KABT - adolescent age;

Han GA | - length - left ear - incisor point;

YIN MAMO - the height of the left branch of the lower jaw; 8 GI - the height of the red rim of the lips;

TC OM - forehead height;

ZM TO - the height of the upper lip. in Example

A 16-year-old boy turned to an orthodontist with complaints about an aesthetic defect in the upper dentition.

Diagnosis. 1st class according to Engel. Crowding of teeth in the frontal area. Vestibular position of canines.

Lack of space in the dental arch bmm. Length of the front part:

SIGN WITH 2-40 2mm; 65 SIGN 4 3-34 5mm;

SIGN 6 2-51.0mm;

ri cS-67 Ohm; ri 5-24, bmm.

To make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to determine the individual normal parameters of the dental arch

the boy To do this, we define a number of parameters:

MOk02 -6.6; MOKAYA 21-78; MOKAYA 22-66; MOKIYA 23 - 8.1; MOKA 44-68;

MK 16 2-5.5; MK 23 1-83; MK 25 1-5.5; MK 26 4-42; MK 31-6.8; MK 34 2-34;

UK 36 3-4.5; MK 43 1-80; MK 44 1-7,555:45-90:M2 MM I -45; M2 07 1 -7 4;

М2 ОМ Р-69; СсКИ 07 Р-31; М07 MM Р-6,2; RK 25-5.55 5 OR - 560.0; EMTUEMT -105.0; 2M 2M - 99.0; /0 In EBT-128,020 ME - 33.6;

Using the mathematical model developed by us, we obtain the following results:

SIGN C 2-34 4 mm;

SIGN 4 3-36.5mm;

SIGN 6 2 - 51.3 mm; ri S-70, Ohm; ri 5-27, bmm.

Comparing the existing dimensions with the parameters of the normal arch, we see that the narrowing in the area of the first small canine teeth (SIGN 4 3) in comparison with the individual norm calculated by us for this teenager is - 2.Omm, the distance between the canines (SIGN C 2) is increased by 6.2 mm, shortening of the dental arch in the sagittal plane (01 С ho tari. 5)-Z, Omm.

The resulting graphic image of an individual dental arch will enable the orthodontist to correctly plan the treatment and achieve maximum physiological and aesthetic results.

ZNyaNya 2 z av E 7 «ng a g y I kash i i vna (nt NEK znan v zt A som oo y x) vo t (o)

Fig

IN ay poch M 2; Z ee di -5 et z hu so u o . 2" sh che

Fig. 2 (ee) se)

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention - I Their 50 The method of determining individual biometric parameters of the dental arch, which is distinguished by the fact that they determine a complex of odontometric, cephalometric and photometric indicators, carry out a direct step-by-step regression analysis and create mathematical models for determining the key individual biometric parameters of the dental arch: So Khlopchiki ZNYAV Z 2 -31.16641.4917M7 MU I-1.050"UV 34 2-1.410"UV 25 141.190"LANGUAGE, 12 ! REMOVED 4 2-34.86641.254"M7 IN Р1.553"LANGUAGE, 12ж0.174"SNI. СНИ-1.151"7МВ 25 1-1.0927У8, 34 2-1.507"МОВИ 15: зн 4 З -14.03041.817"М7 ОМ Р-1.0517УВ 36 З6.867"MOMTI 12-216"РV 25- 5.390"MOVTYA 22-0.076'0 ОРО10170 MZE-0.062"еМтТ MT ZNYAV b 2-26.84940.110"7М 7М-2.213"МВ 36 З1.008"МВ 16 241.744"МВ 44 1-0.900"МВ 43 100846 ОР ZNYAV b 3-43.179-1.841"M07 MM Ря1.809"РИ88 M 1-2.284"УВ 36 30.179"5 ОР-0.12170 ET ri. с-2.37042.2817С87 07 Р0.906" MOVYA 44-1.3717М7 07 1-0.9577UV, 26 4А0.791" MOVI 21 bo 0. ее-17.689-0.879"UV 16 241.553"СВ7 07 Р-0.924 "M7 07 1-1.764" MOVI 2541.244" MOVI 44-1.39675 32 ORI. 8-5.66442.472"MOVYA 2341.130"МВ 31-0.9817У8 23 140.81273 4Б41.500"СВ7 07 Р-0.937"М2 07 1. ЗОМИС К-28.077-0.112"7М 7М-1.355'МВ 35 2-2.121"LANGUAGE 1341.06475 3440.822"UV, 26 4-0.738"LANGUAGE. 11 ZOMIS I -28.078-1.956"U8 46 30.886"МВ 16 2-0.198"М А 5ТО0.062"АЮ AIO, 7517 15 2-0.653"УВ, 24 2 b5 Girl 1 REMOVED FROM 2-24,19342,407" LANGUAGE, 12-0,188"M РАМ1,949"5 32-1,223"85 35 - ННЯВ 4 2-17,33842,840'LANGUAGE 1241,238"МВ 15 1- 1.342" MON MM 1-0.86675. 31 REMOVED 4 3-43.72643.366"MOVI 1241.1517UV 15 1-1.881"MOVTYA 46-0.950"MV 25 1-010271АШ REMOVED b 2-18.45643.262"MOVI 1241.932"У8 16 4-0.940 "UV 26 140,1997М 8M-1,400"UV, 46 20,84175 12 ZNYAV b 3-66,431413,604"РV, 14-0,360"7М. 7М-4,540"М07 ОН. P-1.147"8M, RAM ri. s-6.56440.41675 24-1.684"RV 24-41.688"MOVYA 44-0.044"TtV OM-0.698"UM2 07 I 0084718 I 0. is715.46140.134"5M 8TO-0.02470 MZE-0.066"TV OMO,04А"EK M 8T 0. e--15.72141.28178 13-0.228"M 8М0.181"1АО 0.328" 34 241.383"MOVYA 25-0.096"ANGLE REV-O,0AB'EMT EMT ORI. 8--1.43742.03475 2541.585" LANGUAGE. 11 ZOMIS K--4.32241.09475 1541.904" РВ 25-0.666" УВ 46 4-0.888" МВ 44 2-0.046'90 0О0.046" M REM-O0.51678 16 / ZOMIO 1 -9.22450.428'N MAMO3,b06"MV 15 2-2.240"UV, 36 3-1.719"МО7ВАВТя2.053"М7 07. Р-1.353МОВЯ. 14, where : SIGN C 2 - the distance between the tops of the canines; SIGN 4 2 - the distance between the tops of the vestibular tubercles of the first premolars; SIGN 4 3 - the distance between the premolar points according to Pon; SIGN 6 2 - the distance between the tops of the mesial vestibular tubercles of the first molars; SIGN 6 3 - the distance between the molar points according to Pon; ri c - the distance from the incisal point to the intercanine line; ORI E - the distance from the incisal point to the interpremolar line; BI 5 - the distance from the incisal point to the intermolar line; ZOMIS K - the distance of the right molar from the midsagittal line; ZOM I - the distance of the left molar from the midsagittal line; M2 MU GI - the distance between the near buccal and near lingual tips of the lower left first large canine tooth (36 teeth); M2 07 Her - from tan between the near-buccal and far-buccal tips of the lower left first large 29th angular tooth (36th tooth); шщ M2 07 P - the distance between the near-buccal and far-buccal tips of the lower right first large canine tooth (46 teeth). M2 OM R - the distance between the near-buccal and far-lingual tips of the lower right first large canine tooth (46 teeth); SK ru P - the distance between the midbuccal and distal lingual tip of the first lower right big - angular tooth; Sk 07 P - the distance between the midbuccal and distal buccal tips of the lower right first large angular tooth (46 teeth); ee) UVN MM GG - the distance between the far palatal and near palatal tips of the upper left first large canine tooth (26th tooth); МО07 ОН Р - the distance between the distal buccal and distal palatal tips of the upper right first large canine tooth (16 teeth); УМ72 07 И - the distance between the near-buccal and far-buccal tips of the upper left first large - angular tooth (26th tooth); t0 RK 14 - the distance between the tops of the buccal and palatal cusps of the upper right first small angular c tooth (14th tooth); "» RK 24 - the distance between the tops of the buccal and palatal cusps of the upper left first small angular p tooth (24 teeth); RK 25 - the distance between the tops of the buccal and palatal cusps of the upper left second small angular tooth (25 teeth); (ee) I I I. MOKA 11 - mesiodistal size of the upper right first incisor (11 teeth); (Se) MO 12 - mesiodistal size of the lateral upper right incisor; - MOKA 13 - mesiodistal size of the upper right canine (13 teeth); MO 14 - mesiodistal size of the upper right of the first small angular tooth; "z" 50 MO 15 - mesiodistal size of the upper right second small angular tooth (15 teeth); MOKA 21 - mesiodistal size of the upper left first incisor (21 teeth); MO 22 - mesiodistal size of the lateral upper left incisor; MO 23 - mesiodistal size of the upper left canine (23 teeth); MOKA 25 - mesiodistal size of the upper left second small canine (25 teeth); shu o5 MOKA 44 - mesiodistal size of the lower right of the first small angular tooth (44 teeth); MO 46 - mesiodistal size of the lower right first large canine tooth (tooth 46); MUK 15 1 - the vertical size of the buccal tip of the upper right second small canine tooth (15th tooth); MK 15 2 - the vertical size of the palatal cusp 15; MUK 16 2 - the vertical size of the buccal cusp of the upper right first large canine tooth 60 (16 teeth); UK 16 4 - the vertical size of the distal palatal cusp of the upper right first large canine tooth; UK 23 1 - the vertical size of the labial surface of the upper left canine (23 teeth); Uk 24 2 - the vertical size of the palatal tip of the upper left first small angular tooth (24 teeth); 65 her : : and : . MK. 25 1 - the vertical size of the second upper left small canine tooth in the place of the buccal tip; MUK 26 1 vertical dimension of the distal buccal cusp of the upper left first large canine tooth (tooth 26); Uk 26 4 - the vertical dimension of the distal palatal cusp of the upper left first large canine tooth (26th tooth); MK. 31 - the vertical size of the lower left first incisor (31 teeth); UK 34 2 - the vertical size of the lingual tip of the lower left first small canine tooth (34 teeth); MUK 35 2 - the vertical size of the lingual tip of the lower left second small angular tooth (tooth 35); Uk 36 3 - the vertical size of the near-lingual tip of the left lower first large canine tooth (36/o tooth); MUK 43 1 - the vertical size of the labial surface of the lower right canine (43 teeth); MUK 44 1 - the vertical size of the buccal tip of the lower right first small canine tooth (44 teeth); Uk 44 2 - the vertical size of the lingual tip of the lower right first small canine tooth (44 teeth); Uk 46 2 - the vertical size of the near-buccal tip of the lower right first large canine tooth (46 7/5 tooth); Uk 46 3 - the vertical size of the near-lingual tip of the lower right first large canine tooth (46 teeth); Uk 46 4 - the vertical size of the distal lingual tip of the lower right first large canine tooth (46 teeth); From 15 - buccal-palatal size of the upper right first small canine tooth (15th tooth); From 16 - the buccal-palatal size of the upper right first large canine tooth (16th tooth); From 24 - lip-palatal size of the upper left first small canine tooth (24 teeth); From 25 - the buccal-palatal size of the upper left second small canine tooth (25th tooth); With 32 - labial-lingual size of the left lower second incisor (32 teeth); With 45 - the buccal-lingual size of the lower right second small canine tooth (45th tooth); With 34 - the buccal-lingual size of the lower left first small canine tooth (34 teeth); t Z 35 - labial-lingual size of the lower left second small canine tooth (35th tooth); SNI SNI - width of the oral cavity; b OR - the greatest length of the head; "E zo u M5E - nasofacial angle; EMT EMT - the smallest width of the head (frontal diameter); - 7MM - average face width; Gee! О E5T - the angle formed by the aesthetic plane and the nose; EK M 5T-kutEK M 51; co KMT REK - the angle formed by the lines M-Sp and A!-zp; M A!M io - the angle formed by lines M-Aye!y and A!y-500; A A - ear diameter (auricular width); « in OO - the width of the lower jaw, or the width between the corners of the lower jaws; M. RAM - nose length; o) ZM REM - nose depth; c M M - nose height; MO2KABT - adolescent age; ;" GA | - length - left ear - incisor point; YIN MAMO - the height of the left branch of the lower jaw; 8 GI - the height of the red rim of the lips; o TC OM - forehead height; ZM TO - the height of the upper lip. se) - I Official Bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated 5o microcircuits", 2005, M 8, 15.08.2005. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Su; 60 b5