UA8930U - Wave power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

A wave power plant comprises a base fixed relative to the bottom and not deformed air shell immersed into water able to move in vertical direction at fixed level of liquid. The fixed base is arranged as two vertical coaxial hollow cylinders, the smaller of those is closed from above, and the space between the cylinders is closed from beneath. The air shell closes the base from above and comprises convex surface and two vertical hollow coaxial cylinders attached to it. The larger one of those is outside, and the smaller is placed inside the base with the lower part in the space partially filled with liquid, between the cylinders of the base, it separated the volume of the air shell to two parts: the inner and the outer ones. The inner part is placed inside the smaller cylinder of the shell and joins top atmosphere through air duct, and the outer part is placed between the cylinders of the air shell, at beneath it joins the water medium and can be connected to supplementary tanks with air. The supplementary tanks are placed in the chamber placed at the bottom of the water reservoir, to the body of this one piles are mounted.

Description

Description of the invention

A useful model belongs to power engineering and can be used for the purpose of 2 wave energy conversion.

The closest analogue of the proposed installation is the design given in the useful model of OA

Mo5181) "Wave power installation" (hereinafter "analogue".

In both installations, a shell immersed in water, capable of moving vertically, covering a stationary base from above with respect to the bottom, at a constant level of liquid, occupying a position of stable equilibrium under the action of air pressure forces, consisting of a convex surface and vertical coaxial hollow cylinders connected to it; the volume of the shell is divided into two parts by a smaller cylinder immersed in the liquid that is inside the base: the inner one, which is connected to the atmosphere, and the outer one, which is in contact with the water environment (high air pressure is maintained in it), ("chamber").

The installation uses the mechanism of forming the oscillating system proposed in the analogy. It 72 consists in the following.

If we assume that the air pressure in the inner part of the shell practically does not change (it is equal to the atmospheric pressure), then the reaction of the shell to external changes is determined by R.(x).

X - the position of the shell in relation to the equilibrium point (positive when the shell is deflected upwards);

RaCo) - the real dependence of the pressure in the "chamber" on X;

P(Co) is the calculated dependence of the pressure in the "chamber" on X;

Su - cross-sectional area of the smaller shell cylinder;

Co is the cross-sectional area of the larger shell cylinder;

Fulfillment of the condition that the dependence of R.(x), if possible, coincides with Ru(x) is achieved as follows.

Suppose that the shell moves up (X is positive and increases), that is, the volume of the "chamber" increases, and the air pressure decreases. Let's choose three points X1, X2, ХЗ (X1 is less than X2, X2 is less than X3). These points correspond to three values of pressure P in(x1), Ruiu(x2), P(x3). On the basis of experimental data (results of model tests; this also applies to the values of T1, 12, ТЗ - the temperature of the gas medium, respectively, at points X1, X2, ХЗ3), we find

M1 is the volume of air for which the transition from the state M1, P in (x1), T1 to the state M1Н(Со-С4)(Х2-Х1) is performed,

Ра(x2), 12. Similarly, we find M2 (transition from the state M2, Rua(x2), T2 to the state M2n(Со-С4)-(Х3-Х2), Ра(x3), T3). In order to connect these two segments, it is necessary to change the volume of the "camera" in X2 to Geo)

Am mm1zhgsSo -c4)(x3 -x11- Ma (1) F p

By dividing the range of changes in the value of X into the required number of segments and adjusting the volume of the "chamber" at nodal points, it is possible to reproduce the dependence of Ru(x) (within the scope of the proposed method).

The installation uses "correcting elements" proposed in the analogy. These are hermetically fixed dome-shaped, airtight, non-stretchable fabric shells of a given volume, the mass of air in which can be changed with the help of pumps. As long as the air pressure inside this shell is greater than the air pressure outside, the shell o, 70 is in a tense state and its volume does not change; when the pressure of the air outside becomes equal to the pressure inside the shell, the air in the shell begins to compress together with the surrounding medium.

However, the installation is significantly different from the "analog": the "corrective elements" are placed in an air "z" chamber, which is installed at the bottom of the reservoir; the base, if necessary, can be moved relative to the bottom of the reservoir.

These changes make it possible to simplify the design of the installation and improve its operational characteristics.

The base ("base") of the installation (Fig.) is made in the form of four vertical coaxial hollow oo cylinders (1, 2, Z, 4); the smaller cylinder (1) is closed from below, the upper ends of cylinders (1) and (2) are connected to the horizontal surface (5), the inner cavity (b) is filled with air; cylinders (2) and (3) are connected by their lower ends to the horizontal surface (7), the inner cavity (8) is filled with liquid; the horizontal surface (9) divides the space between the cylinders (3) and (4) into two parts: the upper part (10), which is adjustable by 50 degrees, is filled with water through the pipe (11) and the closing device (12), and the lower part (13) is secured by air (ze) The air shell ("shell") consists of a convex surface (14) and connected to it two vertical coaxial hollow cylinders of such dimensions that the smaller one (15) is located between the cylinders (2) and (3) of the "base", and the larger (16) outside the "base".

Thus, the "shell" consists of two parts separated by the heat of the liquid (8): this is the space inside

C;o55 of the cylinder (15), connected through the turbine (17), the pipe (18) and the closing device (19) to the atmosphere, and the space between the cylinders (15) and (16) ("chamber"), which connected through a closing device (20), a pipe (21), a pipe reduced to it (22), a crimping device (23), with an air chamber (24) located at the bottom of the reservoir, in which there are containers with air: some are ordinary tanks (25), which through the locking device (26) can be connected to the "camera". Others ("correcting elements") consist of a non-deformed container in (27), which is covered with a hermetically fixed dome-shaped, air-tight, non-stretchable fabric shell (28).

The air cavity (6) is connected via a closing device (29) and an air duct (30) to the "chamber".

Along the perimeter of the top of the cylinder (4) of the "base" there is a fence that can be folded when the "shell" is lowered and straightened when it moves up. 65 Piles (32) are mounted in the chamber body (24), which are introduced into the "chamber" through pipes (33), and devices (34) are located on the cylinder (3) of the "base", which fix the "base" on the piles (32). and through shock absorbers (35)

block horizontal movements of the "shell". On the convex surface (14) of the "shell" there are vertical pipes (38) closed from above, into which the piles (32) are inserted when the "shell" moves down in case of conservation.

Below the "base" is the ballast (36); the chamber (24) is filled with soil (37); to hold the camera (24) in the ground, structural elements (39) protruding beyond the body are provided.

To reduce the area of the side surface of cylinders (15) and (16) of the "shell" and, accordingly, the area of the side surface of (2) and (3) of the "base", it is necessary to reduce Po.

Ro - pressure in the "chamber" in a state of equilibrium;

Ro depends on the depth of immersion, weight, and the maximum downward deflection during oscillations of the "shell". 7/0 By setting the optimal value of Po, it is possible to calculate the cross-sectional area of the "chamber" from the equilibrium condition: (с2-с1- 3-0

Ro - Ratm.

Ro is the sum of the weight of the liquid column above the "shell" in the state of equilibrium and the weight of the "shell";

Rathm. - atmospheric pressure;

Mo is the volume of the "chamber" in a state of equilibrium;

An increase in the cross-sectional area of the "chamber" causes an increase in the volume of Mo and the volume of the "corrective elements", so it is advisable to place the "corrective elements" in the chamber (24), which is located at the bottom of the reservoir: no ballast is needed (the chamber (24) is kept soil); it is not necessary to sink the piles into the ground.

An increase in the volume of M. allows you to simplify the reaction mechanism to a change in the average liquid level: it is enough to control the depth of immersion of the "shell" (the pressure P 5 does not change), partially compensating for the change in the volume of Mo (the liquid level in the container (10) changes, but not changes related to the cross-sectional area of the "base" elements not covered by water inside the "chamber" are taken into account: these changes are insignificant compared to the volume M). Cross-sectional area p; of the container (b) (top) is equal to the cross-sectional area of the elements of the "base" not covered by water inside the "chamber" (the air mass in the "chamber" is compensated so that the pressure of R. does not change). in

In the "waiting" mode (no worries), the "sheath" can be lowered to the "base": increasing the air pressure in the "chamber" reduces the load on the tissue sheaths of the "corrective elements"; there is no need to react to a change in the average liquid level. For this, the closing device (12) is closed and air is pumped from the "chamber" into the container (6), in this case the entire section of the cylinder (2) of the "base" is used. To put the installation into working condition, it is necessary to carry out technological operations in the reverse order. o "Base" can move along the pile (32) device (34). This allows you to reduce the height of the side surface of the tank (10): when the immersion depth of the "shell" is changed, the "base" also moves to a new position (in the "analogue" the water level in the tank (10) changes; in the case of conservation, it is possible to lower installation to a significant depth / in "analogue" this depth is limited by a fixed "base").

The container (13) with air simplifies the regulation of the water level in the container (10) and is used as an air accumulator (it is energetically advisable to pump air from the "chamber" into the container (13) than to release it to the atmosphere). WITH

So that the surface of the pipe (22) is not affected by the environment, it is covered with an elastic shell 70, which is folded when the "base" is lowered. c The wave energy installation works as follows: when the air envelope vibrates (the envelope c is pre-immersed to the required depth and adjusted to such a natural frequency of oscillations that its movement will be "" optimal for this wave) the air inside the cylinder is compressed (expanded) (15 ) shell and when it is squeezed through the turbine into the atmosphere, energy is converted.

The advantages characterizing the "analog" are also characteristic of the installation: (oo) 1. Practically submerged in water (reduced wind and wave surge). 2. It is a point converter of energy (it does not depend on the direction of the wave). sho 3. Traditional energy conversion (air turbine). o 4. It is relatively simple and convenient to manufacture (the structure can be manufactured from traditional materials (steel, concrete) at the shipyard and towed to the place of operation). c 5. It is relatively simple to conserve (in case of a big storm, the shell can be lowered to a depth and fixed).

The drawing shows the entire power plant, a longitudinal section.

The chamber (24) can be filled with water (hermetic, electrical equipment is attached to the fabric shell

CO 55 can be installed inside the shell), so there is no need to attach additional ballast when it is towed and installed on the bottom of the reservoir.

The camera (24) is used as an anchor, which made it possible to place the installation on almost any ground.

In the literature (1, p. 145-147)| provides data on the gripper that can be used in the device (34).

Sources of information 60 1. Korobkov V.A. Transformation of ocean energy. L.: Shipbuilding. 1986. P.280. ill. (Ocean development technique). b5

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Claims (1)

The formula of the invention is a wave energy installation consisting of a base stationary relative to the bottom, made in the form of two vertical coaxial hollow cylinders, the smaller of which is closed from above, and the space between the cylinders is closed from below, and immersed in water, covering the base from above, capable of moving vertically at "» an unchanged level of the liquid, which occupies a position of stable equilibrium under the action of air pressure forces, an undeformed air shell, which consists of a convex surface and two vertical coaxial hollow cylinders connected to it of such sizes that the larger one is outside, and the smaller cylinder located (оо) inside the base with the lower part in the space partially filled with liquid between the cylinders of the base and divides the volume of the air envelope into two parts: the inner one, located inside the smaller cylinder of the envelope, which connects to the atmosphere through the air envelope installed on the air envelope, protruding above water duct, and 9) external, located between the cylinders of the air shell, which is in contact with the water environment from below and can be connected to the auxiliary tanks with air, which differs in that the auxiliary tanks with air are placed in a chamber located on the bottom of the reservoir, in the body of which piles are built, which block horizontal moving the shell, used for fixing, and if necessary, for vertical movement of the base. Official Bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits", 2005, M 8, 15.08.2005. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. 60 b5