UA82543C2 - Method for heat supply of building (variants) and kshanovskyi's heat station - system for heat supply for realization of one of variants of the method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to method for heat supply for building (variants) and system of heat supply for realization of one of the methods. One of variants of the method of heat supply of building consists in supply of heat carrier to it, this is heated by centralized heat source, and additional heat supply due to consumption of electric energy at drop of load in electric network, at that heat supply from centralized source is decreased. Provision of electric energy of additional heat supply is performed due to additional loading of network transformer that out of period of drop is used for electric power supply for other consumers with determination of power of its loading during period of drop, at that power of consumption of electric energy for heat supply is determined with prevention of overload of the transformer. According to the second variant of implementation of the method power consumption of electric energy for heat supply is changed depending on load of transformer by other consumers with support of its load on optical level. A system is proposed for heat supply for realization of second variant of the method in which network transformer is equipped with indicator of load connected to block of control of electric heating device. The increase of power effectiveness is provided for centralized heating system without substantial capital investments due to controlled additional loading of network transformers during period of load drop.

Description

Description of the invention

The proposed group of inventions refers to the field of heat engineering and can be used in systems 2 of centralized heat supply of both residential and communal facilities and industrial enterprises in order to partially replace organic fuel with a cheaper source of energy.

From the description to (patent OA 72640, M.Kp.E240 3/00, publ. 15.03.2005), a method of heat supply to a house is known, which consists in supplying it with a coolant heated by a centralized heat source mainly due to the burning of organic fuel and additional heat supply due to the cyclical consumption of 710 electricity, while the electricity for heating needs can be transmitted through the public network during a load failure to heat-accumulating electric heaters installed in the premises of the house.

The disadvantage of this method is the uncertainty of the load in the power grid during a failure, which significantly limits the possibility of its use for the purpose of heat supply, first of all, due to the possible overload of 72 public transformers.

The closest in terms of technical essence and the number of matching features is the method of heat supply to the house chosen as a prototype, which consists in supplying it with a coolant heated by a centralized heat source mainly due to the burning of organic fuel and additional heat supply due to the consumption of electricity during a load failure in the power grid, while the heat supply from the centralized heat source is reduced, and the power of electric heaters is set at the level of 1095 of the total power of boilers (the article by M. N. Khodzhaev and V. M. Andreev "Increasing the efficiency of nuclear power plants due to the use of consumers-regulators" in the collection " Accumulation of energy and ways to increase the efficiency of power plants and save energy". Material! All-Union Scientific and Technical Conference. Moscow, October, 1985. Parts. Accumulation of energy in energy engineering. Moscow, ZNIN named after s.

Krzyzhanovsky, 1986, pp. 79-85|. heh)

This method is realized by the heating system, which is the closest technical solution adopted as a prototype, which consists of a boiler room with a heat supply network, a heater installed in the house, connected to this network, and an electric heating device installed with the possibility of supplying heat to the house and connected to the power grid transformer, while the electric heating device c is designed as an electric heat exchanger and is installed in the boiler room parallel to the organic fuel boiler. "AND

This method of heat supply, requiring the installation of electric heating devices in the boiler room, requires the simultaneous installation of transformers of the appropriate capacity, which will be used exclusively for the power supply of these electric heaters. In an average boiler room with a thermal capacity of 5OGcal/h. the total capacity of water heating devices should be 5000 kW. That is, we need a transformer substation of 32 large capacity, the loading of which will be seasonal, and only 6...8 hours a day. | therefore, this method of heat supply is expensive, as it has a high capital intensity and a low coefficient of use of capital-intensive equipment. Additional disadvantages of the method are significant losses of electricity when the transformers are idling, as well as significant heat losses during its transportation with the energy carrier, which in the general case exceed the losses of electricity during its transportation over the same distances. 50 The task of creating the proposed group of inventions is to increase the economic efficiency of centralized heating by developing a method of cheap heat supply to the house and a cheap system for its implementation, which could be implemented without significant capital investments. An additional goal is to increase the energy efficiency of electricity supply and centralized heating.

The task is solved by the fact that in the known method of heat supply to the house, which consists in supplying it with a heat carrier heated by a centralized heat source mainly due to the burning of organic fuel, and additional heat supply due to the consumption of electricity during a load failure from the power grid, while the heat supply from the centralized heat source is reduced, additional heat supply with electricity is carried out at the expense of additional loading of the network 1 transformer, which is used outside the failure period to supply electricity to other consumers, i" 20 determining its load capacity for the failure period, while the power consumption of heat supply is set, preventing overloading of this transformer. (with In another version of the method of heating the house, the task is solved by the fact that in the known method of heating the house, which consists in supplying it with a heat carrier heated by a centralized heat source mainly due to the burning of organic fuel, and additional heat supply due to the consumption of electricity during the failure load in the power grid, including heat supply

Gee! from the centralized heat source is reduced, additional heat supply is provided with electricity at the expense of additional loading of the network transformer, which outside the failure period is used to supply electricity to other consumers, while the power consumption of electricity for heat supply is changed depending on the load of the transformer by other consumers, maintaining its load of 60 at the optimal levels

Regarding the system for implementing the method, the task is solved by the fact that in the known system of heat supply of the house, which consists of a boiler room with a heat supply network, a heating device installed in the house, connected to this network, and an electric heating device installed with the possibility of supplying heat to the house and connected to transformer of the power network connected to other consumers, the transformer is additionally equipped with a load sensor, the input of which is connected to the input of the control unit of the energy consumption regulation of the electric heating device.

The proposed technical solutions will ensure an increase in the energy efficiency of centralized heating, since the consumption of electricity during the failure period is more efficient than the burning of organic fuel, and at the same time, the implementation of this method does not require additional capital investments in expanding the carrying capacity of power grids, because it is implemented due to controlled additional loading of existing capacities. At the same time, the top-up is controlled both in the mode of the planned value of the power grid load, as in the enterprise, and in the mode of the random value of the power grid load, as in a residential building. 70 An electric heating device, installed with the possibility of supplying heat to the house, can be made as an electric heat exchanger, and its installation is possible, for example, in a boiler room, in a district heat station, in a house heat station. The installation of electronic heating devices in the heating points of buildings ensures the decentralization of electricity consumption and makes it possible to use small power transformers for heat supply with uniform loading during the failure of a large section /5 of the power grid. Another advantage of this decentralization is the reduction of heat loss, since the path of transportation of the coolant heated by electricity in the domestic heating station is much shorter than the distance from the boiler room to the house. | therefore, it is most effective to install electric heating devices in the premises of the house. Installation of heat-accumulating heating devices will ensure a decrease in the consumption of organic fuel during the day at the expense of an increase in the consumption of electricity at night.

There is a cause-and-effect relationship between the set of essential features and the technical result that is achieved, due to the possibility of using the capacity of the power grid in the additional load mode due to the use of information about the loading of this network in the process of heat supply in the proposed methods.

The proposed methods and a system for implementing one of the methods are explained by the drawings. with

Fig. 1 schematically shows the system of heat supply to a house, mainly an industrial building, with heat-chain heaters with the placement of an electric heat exchanger in the boiler room, in Fig. 2 - the system (8) of heat supply to a house, mainly residential, with the placement of direct-action electric heaters and tesio-accumulating electric heaters in it.

The heat supply system of an industrial building - workshop, which implements the first variant of the method (Fig. 1) contains well-known means with interconnections known from the technical literature, namely, boiler 1 with a heat supply network 2, consisting of direct 2a and return 2b pipes. In addition, the system includes a heating device 4 installed in the house Z "I, connected to the network 2 and an electric heating device 5, installed with the possibility of supplying heat to the house Z and connected by an electrical input b to the transformer 7 of the power grid 8 through the switching device 9 and branch 10 , Transformer 7 is connected to other consumers 11, which in this case are industrial consumers of electricity located in building 3.

The boiler 1 is connected to the gas supply network 12 through the gas consumption regulator 13, the control input 14 of which is connected to the control output 15 of the temperature sensor 16 installed in the return pipe 26 of the heat network 2.

The electric heating device 5, designed as an electric heat exchanger, is connected through hydraulic inlets to the forward 2a and return 26 pipes of the heat network 2. This device, according to the figure, is installed near the boiler 1. with c The heat supply system for the implementation of the second variant of the method (Fig. 2) consists of the heat exchanger 18 of the centralized heat supply network 19, from which the direct 21 and return 22 pipes of the local circulation of the heat carrier depart to the heating device 20 installed in the building 17 (the direction of circulation is shown by arrows). A temperature sensor 23 is installed in the return pipe 22, the output of which is connected to the input

Control 24 of the regulator 25 of the coolant supply from the network 19 to the heat exchanger 18. In addition, the system includes a heating device - heat accumulator 26, for example, a heat-accumulating water heater for household needs, connected to the power output 27 of the block. load control 28, as well as a direct-acting electric heating device for heating the room - a heater 29, connected to the power output 30 of the block, load control 31. The control inputs of the blocks 28 and 31 are connected to the load control channel 32, the input 5or of which is connected to the output 33 sensor 34 of the load of the mains transformer 35. The power inputs of the blocks 28 and 31 are connected by a branch of the power network 36 to the mains transformer 35, to which mainly household electrical consumers 37 of the house 17 are also connected.

The method of heat supply to the house, the first option, can be implemented by known means (for example, described in the above-mentioned article by M. N. Khojaeev and V. M. Andreev "Increasing the efficiency of nuclear power plants due to the use of consumers-regulators" with additional application of technical solutions for regulation temperature, and power consumption commutation, known from University textbooks on (F) general electrical engineering and heat supply), which together make up the heat supply system depicted

F in Fig.1. The implementation of the method consists in supplying from the heat network 2 to the house the coolant heated in the boiler 1 mainly due to the combustion of gas received from the network 12. The coolant is pumped through pipes 2a and 26bo (arrows indicate the direction of its movement), the heat enters the heating device 4 and is used in building C for heating or hot water supply. In the case of a change in heat consumption in building C for climatic or other reasons, the heat output of devices 4 changes, and therefore the temperature of water in the return line 2a changes, decreasing when heat demand increases and increasing when it decreases. At the same time, the temperature sensor 16 from the output 15 sends a signal to the input 14 of the gas consumption regulator 13, the gas consumption 65 increases or decreases accordingly and the temperature in the return pipe stabilizes.

At night, with the onset of a period of load failure in the power grid 8, under the condition of stopping production in the night shift, the consumption of electricity by industrial consumers 11 located in the production premises decreases. At the same time, the residual amount of electricity consumption is determined by the technological process and equipment composition and can be known and planned in production conditions. Taking into account this value, the operational staff of the power grid sets the power of the electric heating device 5 and, with the onset of load failure, turns on the switching device 9, to which electricity is supplied from the transformer 7 through the branch 10. Electric energy enters the input 6, the electric heating device 5 works, and into the pipe 2a with heated coolant is supplied to it. The heat flow in the house Z increases, and under unchanged conditions of heat consumption, this leads to an increase in the temperature of the coolant in the return pipe 26. At the same time, the sensor 16 /o through the output 15 sends a signal to the input 14 of the gas consumption regulator, and the gas consumption is limited, ensuring the stabilization of the temperature in return pipe at a given level.

The method of heating the house, the second option, can be implemented as follows.

The heat supply of a house, mainly a residential one, with the heat supply system shown in Fig. 2 consists in supplying the heat carrier through pipes 21 and 22 to the house 17, heated in the heat exchanger 18 by the heat received from the heat /5 Network 19. The temperature of the heat carrier in the return pipe 22 is monitored by the sensor 23 , which, when it deviates from the set value, sends a signal to the control input 24 of the device 25 for adjusting the coolant supply. Due to such regulation, the temperature stabilizes at the given level.

During a load failure in the power grid (not shown in the figure), the consumption of electricity by consumers 37 decreases according to a random law and can change arbitrarily during the entire period of the failure. At the same time, the load of the mains transformer 35 on average decreases significantly, remaining in the general case also a random value. The magnitude of this load is monitored by the sensor 34, transmitting information from the output 33 through the load control channel 32 to the control inputs of the load control units 28 and 31. The units regulate the consumption of the heaters 26 and 29 of the electricity that comes to them through the branching of the power network 36, changing the voltage at the outputs 27 and 30, decreasing it when the transformer 35 is randomly loaded by consumers 37 in order to prevent it from being overloaded, and increasing when the load on the transformer 35 by consumers 37 decreases. With (8), there is a decrease in heat consumption from the heating network partly during electricity consumption as a result of an increase in the heat flow into the house due to the operation of heaters 29, and partly during the day as a result of replacing hot water consumption from the heating network with its consumption from heat accumulators 26 - so z water heaters for household needs. With an increase (decrease) in temperature, which occurs as a result of a change in the amount of heat flow, or a decrease (increase) in the selection of hot water from the heat supply network "And inside the building 17, the temperature of the water in the return line 22 also increases (decreases), decreasing with the increase in heat demand and increasing when they decrease. At the same time, the temperature sensor 23 sends a signal to the input 24 of the regulator 25 of the coolant supply from the network 19 to the heat exchanger 18, the heat consumption from the network 19 increases or decreases accordingly and the temperature in the return pipe 22 stabilizes. co

Thus, the claimed group of inventions, which includes a method of heating a house (options) and a heat supply system for implementing one of the options of the method, allows to increase the energy efficiency of the centralized heating system of both industrial buildings and housing and communal services without additional capital investments in expanding the throughput capacity of power grids at the expense of managed and controlled additional loading of grid transformers. Taking into account that the capacity of the transmission devices is sufficient for the transmission of electricity during peak load periods in the power system, it can be assumed that the introduction of electric heating due to the consumption of electricity during off-load using the proposed methods will be possible without any additional capital investments in transmission devices of the power system, but only at the expense of their rational

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Claims (3)

The formula of the invention 1. The method of heat supply to the house, which consists in supplying it with a heat carrier heated by a centralized heat source, mainly due to the burning of organic fuel, and additional heat supply due to (at the expense of electricity consumption during load failure in the power grid, and the heat supply from the centralized heat source is reduced , which differs in that the provision of electricity for additional heat supply is carried out at the expense of additional loading of the network transformer, which, outside the failure period, is used to supply electricity to other consumers, determining its load capacity for the failure period, while the power consumption of electricity for heat supply of HF) is set, preventing overloading of this transformer . t 2. The method of heat supply to the house, which consists in supplying it with a heat carrier heated by a centralized heat source, mainly due to the burning of organic fuel, and additional heat supply due to the consumption of electricity during a load failure in the power grid, and the heat supply from a centralized heat source is reduced, which differs in that the provision of electricity for additional heat supply is carried out at the expense of additional loading of the network transformer, which, outside the failure period, is used to supply electricity to other consumers, while the power consumption of electricity for heat supply is changed depending on the load of the transformer by other d5 consumers, maintaining its load at the optimal level. 3. The heat supply system of the house, which consists of a boiler room with a heat supply network, a heating device installed in the house, connected to this network, and an electric heating device installed with the possibility of supplying heat to the house and connected to a power grid transformer connected to other consumers, which differs in that the transformer is additionally equipped with a load sensor, the output of which is connected to the control input of the power consumption regulation unit of the electric heating device. s 7 o (ze) «I Io) s Zo so - with . and? so ko 1 FT» Se ko 60 b5