UA80052C2 - A hydroelectrolyzer - Google Patents

Abstract

A hydroelectrolyzer, which comprises horizontally located cylindrical reactor made from electrolyze cells, connected to each other, compressed between supporting anode and cathode plates by means of coupling-bolts, there are two metal rings with ion-exchange membranes between them in each electrolyze cell, each side of electrolyze cells are equipped with vertical disks of bipolar electrodes, each of them comprises 2 titanium and steel plates, with crimps on internal plate surface, and channels of hydrogen, oxygen and nutrient water mains are located at 1/3 of width from internal surface of metal rings - or two fixing rods made from insulating material, at that channels of hydrogen, oxygen and nutrient water mains are connected with internal anode and cathode cavities by means of radial openings for oxygen and hydrogen exit and for nutrient water introduction into electrolyze cells.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy, in particular to electrolyzers, which can be used to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen.

A device for obtaining gas by liquid electrolysis is known, French application Mo2410058, 325 V 9/00, 1/08, 15/78, publ. 07.27.79 Mo 80. "Improved device for obtaining gas by liquid electrolysis"), which consists of several interconnected cells with bipolar electrodes and diaphragms.

The disadvantage of this device is a large number of thin electrode plates that limit the flat chamber 710 of small thickness, which is part of the circuit along which the cooled liquid circulates, which has electrical insulating properties for heat removal. Such a device significantly increases the metal capacity and cost of the electrolyzer.

The closest in technical essence is a device for obtaining gas by electrolysis, taken as a prototype

Izayavka France Mo2410059, 325 VO/00, 1/08, publ. 07/27/79, Mo30, "Improved device for obtaining gas by electrolysis"). The device for obtaining gas is an electrolyzer made of several interconnected 19 cells. The electrolyzer contains a set of alternating bipolar electrodes formed by partially corrugated metal plates and diaphragms, each of which is sandwiched between the bends of two electrodes that hold and frame them.

The disadvantage of this device is: - unreliable fastening of the diaphragms between the wavy bends of the two electrodes; - weakening of the cross-section of the cell by openings of gas channels and diaphragms.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the electrolyzer, in which by changing the design of the electrolysis cell, a strong attachment of the ion exchange membrane is ensured, which increases the operational reliability of the electrolyzer.

The problem is solved by the fact that a horizontally located cylindrical reactor with 29 is kept in the hydro-electrolyzer, which consists of several electrolysis cells connected to each other, located between the supporting anode and cathode plates, fastened together by tension bolts passed through insulating bushings supplied with a set of plate springs to compensate for temperature expansion, electrolysis cells are supplied with vertical disks of bipolar electrodes with insulating spacers between them and ion exchange membranes located between them, which has separate channels for hydrogen (No), oxygen (O5) and nutrient" water (NO - this

KOH). According to the invention, each electrolytic cell of the reactor has two metal rings, between which a solid disk of an ion exchange membrane is installed, which divides the electrolytic cell into an anodic and a cathode cavity, on the sides of the two metal rings there are disks of bipolar electrodes consisting of /su3 connected to each other (using explosion welding) titanium plates on the anode side and nickel-coated steel plates on the cathode side and have corrugated stampings on the inner surface of the discs, and on the ends of the supporting anode and cathode plates from the inner side of the reactor, there are the same corrugations, on 1/3 of the width from the inner surface of the metal rings, there are separate channels for the main lines at the top - hydrogen and oxygen, at the bottom - feed water, on the sides - for two fixing rods made of insulating material, and the channels of the main lines "hydrogen, oxygen and feed water are connected to the internal anode and cathode cavities by radial holes C in a staggered order, the oxygen main line is separately connected to the anode cavities, the hydrogen main line is separately connected to the cathode cavities of the electrolysis cells, and the feed water main line is connected to" from below with each anode and cathode cavities of electrolysis cells. Due to the features: - each electrolysis cell of the reactor has two metal rings, reliable fastening of the ion exchange membrane is ensured by clamping between them with the help of tightening bolts (in the prototype, the membrane is clamped between two wavy electrodes, which is unreliable);

So - on the sides of two metal rings are disks of bipolar electrodes, consisting of connected between av | itself (using explosion welding) titanium plates on the anode side and steel plates with a nickel coating on each side and having corrugated stampings on the inner surface of the discs, which ensures reliable fastening and protection against corrosion (in the prototype, the bipolar electrodes are formed by partially wavy sl 20 metal plates supporting ion-exchange membranes, which is not sufficiently reliable in operation and corrosion); from - on 1/3 of the width from the inner surface of the metal rings, there are mains channels, on top - hydrogen, oxygen, on the bottom - feed water, on the sides - for two fixing rods made of insulating material, which ensures the high strength of the electrolyzer reactor, which works as a vessel under excess pressure (in the prototype, the channels of 29 gas mains are located along the entire width of the cell ring, and the diaphragms fit with a minimum

HF) jumper to the outer circuit of the cell, which weakens the ring of the cell operating under excess pressure of gases). o The compared analysis with the prototype shows that the hydro-electrolyzer differs in that it is equipped with: - two metal rings in the electrolysis cell; 60 - solid disk of the ion exchange membrane; ( - disks of bipolar electrodes made of interconnected plates of titanium and nickel-coated steel with corrugated stampings; - separate channels of hydrogen, oxygen, feed water mains, for fixing rods, located 1/3 of the width of the metal rings from the inner surface; because - channels of hydrogen, oxygen and feed water are connected to the anode and cathode cavities by radial holes.

Thus, the hydro-electrolyzer meets the "novelty" criterion.

Comparison of the proposed solution, not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions showed that the proposed solution has properties that do not coincide with the properties of known solutions: - reliable fastening of each ion exchange membrane between two metal rings, compressed by tension bolts ; - an effective electrolysis process due to the use of bipolar electrodes in the cells of the discs, consisting of interconnected plates of titanium and steel with a nickel coating and corrugations on the inner surface of 70 discs; - strong and reliable design of the metal rings of the electrolysis cell, which allows to withstand excess pressure of gases.

Due to the strong and reliable design of the reactor 1 due to the metal rings 9 in the electrolysis cells 2, the reliable fastening of the ion exchange membranes 10 squeezed between the metal rings 9, the efficient process /5 of electrolysis due to the use of bipolar electrodes 8 in the electrolysis cells, consisting of connected plates of titanium 16 and steel.1/ 17 with a nickel coating, a positive effect is achieved - an increase in the operational reliability of the hydro-electrolyzer.

The invention is explained by the drawings, which show:

Fig. 1 - a general view of a hydro-electrolyzer with a partial section;

Fig. 2 - view along the arrow A from Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 - node 1 from Fig. 1, electrolysis cell;

Fig. 4 - section B-B of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 - section B-B from Fig. 4.

The hydro-electrolyzer (Fig. 1) contains a horizontally located cylindrical reactor 1, consisting of several interconnected electrolysis cells 2, located between the support plates of the anode 3 and the cathode 4, fastened together with tension bolts 5, passed through insulating bushings 6, equipped with i) a set of disc springs 7 to compensate for temperature expansion. Electrolytic cells 2 are equipped with vertical discs of bipolar electrodes 8 with insulating gaskets, metal rings 9 and ion-exchange membranes 10 located between them, which have electrolytic cells on the inner perimeter

From Cells 2 separate channels of hydrogen 11, oxygen 12 and feed water 13 (Fig. 2). Each electrolytic cell 2 (Fig. 3) of the reactor 1 has two metal rings 9, between which a continuous disc of ion-exchange membrane 10 is installed, which divides the electrolytic cell into an anode 14 and a cathode 15 cavity. On the sides of the two metal rings 9, there are discs of bipolar electrodes 8, which consist of a titanium plate 16 connected to each other (using explosion welding) on the anode side and a steel plate 17 with a nickel coating on the cathode side.

From the side that has corrugated stampings 18 on the inner surface of the discs (Figs. 4, 5). There are the same corrugations 19 on the ends of the supporting anode Z co and cathode 4 plates from the inner side of the reactor 1. At 1/3 of the width from the inner surface of the metal rings 9, there are separate channels for the lines of hydrogen 11 and oxygen 12 at the top, feed water 13 at the bottom, on the sides - two channels for two fixing rods 23 made of insulating material. The channels of hydrogen 11, oxygen 12 and feed water 13 (Fig. 3) are connected to the internal anode 14 and cathode 15 cavities by radial holes 24 in a staggered order, - the oxygen main 12 is separately connected to the anode cavities 14, the hydrogen line 11 is connected to the cathode 15 cavities of the electrolysis cells 2, and the feed water line 13 is connected from the bottom 15 through the hole 24 to each anode 14 and cathode 15 cavities;" electronic cells 2.

The hydro-electrolyzer works in the following way.

Feed water is filled (a solution of caustic potassium NoOH-KON, because pure water has a low

Go! electrical conductivity) along the main line, through the radial openings 24 (Fig. 3) of the anode 14 and cathode 15 cavities of all electrolytic cells 2 of the reactor 1 (Fig. 1, 3). A constant electric current is supplied to the extreme support anode plate Zk and to the cathode support plate 4-, while the electrodes 8 of all intermediate cells 2 are switched on bipolarly, that is, each electrode 8 works on one side as an anode 16, on the other side as a cathode 17. o The process of electrolysis of water begins. Under the action of electric current in electrolysis cells 2 occurs

He dissociation / decay / of water molecules: - on the cathode with a steel plate 17 with a nickel coating - with the formation of hydrogen gas according to the dependence: 4НоОз4е -2Нн» ОН"; - on the anode from the side of the titanium plate 16 - the discharge of hydroxyl groups with the formation of oxygen gas according to dependencies

Gee! 40n-052НоО where (complete reaction: 4Н20-4Н2-205).

The ion exchange membrane 10 allows the passage of charged cations and anions to the cathode 17 and the anode 16, and reliably separates the resulting gases, hydrogen and oxygen.

Through separate radial holes 24 and separate channels of hydrogen M and oxygen lines 12, a mixture of feed water 60 and gas in the form of bubbles enters separate columns of hydrogen and oxygen (not shown in the drawings), in which gas is separated from feed water. Further, through the equipment units of the technological chain, the gases enter the separate receivers of the gas storage, and the feed water is returned to the reactor 1 through the closed main line 13.

During the electrolysis of water, an excess pressure of the released gases is formed in reactor 1, which works as a b5 pressure vessel. To ensure the strength and tightness of this vessel, metal rings 9 in each electrolysis cell 2 and insulating gaskets are used, which are compressed between the supporting anode З and cathode 4 plates, fastened together by tension bolts 5 with a set of disc springs 7 to compensate for temperature expansion.

To exclude shifts of electrolysis cells 2 relative to each other during assembly and during operation, they are equipped with two fixing rods 23 in the side channels.

The inner cavity of the reactor 1 with electrolysis cells 2 and channels of hydrogen, oxygen and feed water pipelines is assembled on insulating gaskets and is sealed due to the pressure of the tightening bolts 5 passed through the insulating bushings 6. To compensate for temperature expansion, the tightening bolts are equipped with a set of disc springs 7. 70 Technical- economic efficiency of the hydro-electrolyzer is ensured due to the effective process of electrolysis of water in electrolysis cells 2 with bipolar electrodes 8, consisting of connected plates of titanium 16 and steel 17 with a nickel coating. The corrosion resistance of materials in a solution of water and caustic alkali increases. Thanks to this, the service life of the electrodes is extended, and repair costs are reduced. The strong and reliable design of the reactor 1 due to the metal rings 9, compressed by the tightening bolts 5, with two /5 btrizhni fixation 23 provides the hydro-electrolyzer with an increased service life between repairs. As a result, these factors provide increased operational reliability and technical and economic efficiency.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention , , , и , и и Hydroelectrolyzer, containing a horizontally located cylindrical reactor, which consists of several electrolysis cells connected to each other, located between the supporting anode and cathode plates, fastened together by tension bolts passed through insulating sleeves, equipped with a set of disc springs to compensate for temperature expansion, electrolysis cells are equipped with vertical discs of bipolar electrodes with insulating spacers between metal rings and ion exchange membranes located between them, which have separate channels (o) for hydrogen, oxygen and feed water lines along the inner perimeter of the electrolysis cells, which differs in that each electrolysis cell of the reactor has two metal rings, between which a solid disk of an ion exchange membrane is installed, which divides the electrolysis cell into anode and cathode cavities, on the outer sides of the two metal rings, there are disks of bipolar electrodes electrodes, consisting of a titanium plate connected by explosion welding on the anode side and a steel plate with a nickel coating on the cathode side, and having M on the inner plane of the disks corrugated embossing, and on the ends of the support anode and cathode plates with o inner sides of the reactor have the same corrugations, on 1/3 of the width from the inner surface of the metal rings, there are separate channels of main lines: at the top - for hydrogen and oxygen, at the bottom - for feed water, on the sides - for two | "c) fixing rods made of insulating material, and the channels of the hydrogen, oxygen and feed water mains are connected to the internal anode and cathode cavities by radial holes in a staggered order, the oxygen main is separately connected to the anode cavities, the hydrogen main is connected to cathode cavities of electrolysis cells, and the feed water line is connected from below by holes to each anode and cathode cavities of electrolysis cells. " - and? (ee) («c) («c) 1 Ko) ime) 60 b5