UA79939C2 - Integrated combined heat and power micro-system - Google Patents

Abstract

An integrated system to provide both heat and electric power. The integrated, or cogeneration, system operates with an organic working fluid that circulates in a Rankine-type cycle, where the organic working fluid is superheated by a heat source, expanded through an involute spiral wrap (scroll) expander (301) such that the organic working fluid remains superheated through the expander, cooled in a condenser (302), and pressurized by a pump (303). Heat exchange loops within the system define hot water production capability for use in space heating (348) and domestic hot water (380), while the generator (305) is coupled to the scroll expander (301) to generate electricity.

Description

11. The system according to any of the preceding items, which 18. The system according to item 17, which is characterized in that the specified burner and the specified controller configuration allows the specified first circuit to have configurations that receive temperature signals in the specified provide the maximum working pressure of the fan and the specified spiral expander for the specified organic working fluid in the first circuit of determining the degree of superheat of the specified organic approximately 200-450 pounds/sq. in. (140-316 at) and working fluid. the maximum operating temperature is approximately 250-19. The system according to item 18, which differs in that

Z5OE (121-177). additionally includes at least one switch, 12. The system according to any of the preceding items, which responds to the level of the specified organic working fluid, differs in that the specified organic working fluid at the output of the specified condenser and the fluid includes a halocarbon refrigerant communication with the specified controller. gent, preferably, B-245 ha. 20. The system according to item 18 or item 19, which differs 13. The system according to any of the preceding items, which additionally includes a set of valves, the configuration of which differs in that said organic robotization allows the organic working fluid for the fluid includes at least one natural, predetermined conditions to bypass the specified hydrocarbon, preferably of the general formula SoNozp, spiral expander, and the specified, for example, isopentane. predetermined conditions can be 14. The system according to any of the previous points, which network failure and transient processes during start-up differs in that the specified capacitor ku or stopping the system. having a configuration that provides its thermal 21. A system according to any of the preceding items, which communication with a space heating circuit. differs in that its configuration provides 15. The system according to item 14, which is characterized in that the heat exchange connection with the hot water circuit additionally includes a device for preheating/"or can produce hot water, spatial ventilation of the spatial heating circuit, which has heat and electricity in the Rankine cycle. a heat exchange connection with the second circuit, designated 22. The system according to item 21, which is characterized by the fact that it is capable of conducting a heat exchange fluid. the specified heat exchange connection between it and the specified 16. The system according to any of the previous items, which is produced by the circuit of domestic hot water, differs in that the specified first circuit is located in the storage tank, is located in such a configuration that the electricity produced by the second circuit, through which the specified generator passes, is up to heat exchange fluid. 1okKW, and/or 23. The system according to item 22, which is characterized by the fact that the specified system has a configuration that additionally includes a heating electric ment, which senses the use of part of the electricity produced in the specified storage tank released by the specified generator, to bring water into the reservoir, and which is heated by electricity, the action of the pump, and/or produced by the specified generator. said capacitor is capable of transferring up to 24. The system according to any one of items 21-23, which represents bOokW of thermal energy. differs in that the specified heat exchanger 17. The system according to any of the previous points, which the connection between it and the specified circuit of the household differs in that it additionally includes a hot water counter takes place in the specified condenser, the configuration of which provides monitoring and satori . selective variation of the degree of overheating of the specified organic working fluid.

In general, the invention relates to cogeneration systems and electricity for a significant amount of traffic and the supply of electrical energy to space vehicles or for large industrial water heating (PN) and domestic hot water tanks. Of course, the economic scale does not allow the extrapolation of such a solution to one or several users. However, the growth of organic working fluid of fuel toast reduces the advantages of centralized

The concept of cogeneration or combined thermal power generation. Accordingly, the emerging potential and energy (CTU) has been known for some time now as a new large market for use for a significant amount of time as a way to improve the overall efficiency of energy relative to autonomous distributed production-generating systems. In a typical KTE system, heat and electricity are withdrawn. For example, in the old generation of two forms of heat energy, the existing heat transfer infrastructure, which is characterized by (usually in the form of hot air or water) and saturated with pipelines for liquid, electricity. is abundant in the process of combustion can be put into effect by the promising, as it does not require violations of the structure- the electric generator and heat water, often from the adjacent buildings for the addition of new pipes. creation of steam for household needs or for the multi-functionality of providing heat to the process is characteristic of KTE systems. Most modern can reduce structural redundancy. of KTE systems are quite large and provide heat

The market for localized heat-generating means of heat supply for DHW or PN circuits, and this in Europe and the United Kingdom, as well as in some- limits their use in applications from high-altitude areas of the USA requires that a single node for which heat/energy ratio (TIE ). A subclass of single-family housing or small industrial sources based on a gas turbine, there are micro-objects provided with heat as PN (for example, turbines that include a high-speed generator, storage, hydronic systems with a radiator), such PGV combined with power electronics, can (such as a shower or water valve to be useful for small-scale cogenera- sink or bathtub) on demand or instantly. Other systems. The source of other disadvantages of large systems is the use of existing combined units, in KTE there is a short life expectancy of its configurations, from which heat for DHW accumulates in the combined - high maintenance cost. This class includes the storage tank and the boiler primary sources that have conventional circuit engines. In one of the configurations, water for the PN circuit is internal combustion, and noise, exhaust gases, oil in the boiler circuit, which acts as a heating back, replacement spark plugs and the corresponding maintenance element for water in the storage tank. uvation make their use undesirable

For example, since the storage capacity is sufficient for domestic dwellings and small offices, instantaneous supply of DHW to one or two dynakhs is required. This class of primary sources does not provide satisfaction in a single-family dwelling (a separate source of heat in cases where it is necessary to have a high-rise house or a large apartment) is approximately T/E that occurs in single-family dwellings. 120-180L (30-50 gallons), which means that the accumu- Other primary sources, such as steam turbines, the holding tank must be quite large, although they give a high T/E, there is even less fit- sometimes so much so that this makes it possible to provide for the conditions of variable consumption of electricity peak heat demand (up to 25 kW (heat)) savings than gas turbines. In addition, in systems based on hot water. However, in newer and smaller baths on steam, the start-up of the system is slow, and their houses often lack the space for such an initial cost is high, and this makes a large storage tank unsuitable. In addition, their use in small-scale systems in addition to the immediate need for DHW ( up to 25kW mechanical (thermal)) for the average size of the house there is a se- In connection with these limited possibilities, the zonal need for PN (up to 10kW (thermal). existing systems, the authors of the invention came to the conclusion

In addition, even in systems with PN and DHW, there is a need for an autonomous system that, for spatial reasons, does not combine the generation of electricity and heat in the unified heating system in an undersupplied KTU. In the example given above, a compact, efficient power plant is likely to add up to 35 kW (thermal) to the so-called energy generator. accompanying 3-5 kW of electricity. Traditional solution This need is satisfied by the invention, which to provide both forms of energy, considered consists in the application of a new KTE microsystem. In the above, consists in the introduction of a large power plant in such a system, the primary source can supply a power plant in the general network for thousands as electricity, for example, from a generator, or even millions of users with the provision of heat connected to the source, and heat for the end consumer with heat and hot with water individually or in small groups. So, with water. The KTE micro-system differs from the traditional approach, the consumer not only the smallest KTE size in the KTE micro-system of electric control of the cost of the generated energy, the annual output is insignificant, namely, within a few kilo-, but even pays more due to the natural kilowatt (elec.) or even below kW (elec.). inefficiency of the system that does not use sy- The system according to the invention can provide nergism for heat (which is simply wasted) and gen- quick response to the needs of the KTE, because the size of the ruing thanks to this additional electricity of the required tank is significantly reduced or or to increase the thermal capacity. even be absent. The size of the microsystem described here

Although large (in the range of MW and above) cogeneration systems, the KTE can be adapted to the needs of the con- sion system help to reduce the above-mentioned disadvantages of the specific user, for example, the system for the disadvantages of centralized means of generation of a single-family residence can be adaptive energy, they are not very suitable for generating approximately 3-5kW (electrical), small capacities and heat (below 10kW (thermal) (for PN) and 25kW (thermal) (for DHW). shadow kW), especially ranging from a few kW and below For small commercial applications or for (microsystems) up to several tens of kW (minisystems- several dwellings (e.g. apartment groups) we). To a large extent, this is due to the inability of the system to be scaled accordingly. of primary sources to work at a reduced level T/E ratio is an important parameter of the system. supply because acceptable electrical For most residential and small commercial ccd can often only be achieved with systems that applications the desired T/E lies in the range of 7:1 to take into account changes in load have tight 1171 because a smaller ratio can lead to tolerances for key components and high var- to the waste of produced electrical energy, and the cost of maintenance. For representatives of this class, larger values are impractical (the exception is gas turbines, the production of which is for small mass-very cold climates, in which heating of headquarters is expensive and which lose is rather constant than seasonal). Since the electrical efficiency when working with variable electrical energy (generated by a generator or fuel load. Devices for increasing the efficiency of a cell) is a by-product of the primary, for example, recuperators, have a tendency to lower the source in the process of generating heat, it does not occur

the formation of additional carbon dioxide and for the transfer of heat to the organic working fluid in the inter- accompanying air pollutants, thanks to the circuit heat exchanger, can be used, the system of the invention satisfies the stricter requirements for preheating the fluid in external emission control. in it contour PN.

According to the first aspect of the invention, the proposed In addition, as in the first case, the burner can be located in the tank. In both, a configurable working fluid, a heat source capable of overheating, the tank can have an exhaust channel for the organic working fluid, the first circuit for the removal of combustion products (mainly, transportation of the organic working fluid and generated waste gas), an exhaust fan for the rotor for electricity generation. At the very least, the acceleration of the removal of such products and the part of the first circuit, which includes a contiguous (preferably, inside the exhaust expander, a condenser and a pump, has a channel) exhaust gas heat exchanger, post-thermal communication with the heat source. The pump fails because the residual heat in the exhaust gas sucks the organic working fluid through the first circuit. can be used for additional heating

The desired heat source is the burner, which is located in other parts of the cogeneration system. thermal connection with the evaporator, due to which heat- The exhaust gas heat exchanger can also lo, which is created by the combustion chamber, overheats to have an exhaust gas recirculation device organic working fluid flowing through the evapora- to improve heat removal. In the first confi- nic. In this case, the term "thermal connection" of the guration heat, the selected heat exchanger includes all types of heat exchange that occurs in the superimposed gas, can be directed to different parts of the connection of system components, and more narrows of the first circuit or spatial contour, the term "heat exchange connection" (see below) of the device for additional preheating includes a more specific, direct interconnection of the organic working fluid or the spatial between adjacent heat exchange components, the heating fluid. In addition, any of these con- intended for this purpose. According to the nature of the figurations, it can be adapted for the heat exchange-organic working fluid, it remains in the well with the external circuit of the PGV. Heat exchange can also take place in an overheated state from the moment of entry to the heat exchanger built- spiral expander to the moment of exit from it as a condenser, i.e. two separate circuits. The high vapor density and heat-conducting properties of the organic working fluid to be located adjacent to each other provide a maximum for improving the heat transfer between the corresponding similable possible extraction of heat and energy from the fluid flowing in them, or in the accumulator without the use of a large expander. a tank (for example, for hot water), and

The cogeneration system can have a configuration - then the liquid stored in it (preferably, which provides direct or indirect supply of water) maintains an elevated temperature and organic working fluid. and a vaporizer that holds water, baths or showers. In this case, use liquid, it is such that the flame in the process of condensing the storage tank addition in the burner directly acts on the liquid heating channel in this tank, the passage of liquid or on the tank (which is called the heating element) , which is also received by the combustion chamber), which includes energy from the generator. If such a tank is at least part of the channel for the passage of organic- the missing heat for the DHW circuit may be of the original working fluid, as a result of which that part is due to direct connection to the condensate channel, in which the organic working fluid becomes overheated from the first circuit sator or from the heat exchanger, considered as an evaporator. In the second, the liquid flowing through the second circuit (in the case of the burner flame gives off part of the heat of the indirect connection). In addition, both in a direct and a channel that forms a secondary circuit, which in indirect configurations, if it is desirable to have the opportunity to transfer the heat exchange fluid to the possibility of providing DHW, at the same time supports the inter-circuit heat exchanger. A heat exchange or simplified cheap system, for this, the liquid can be water, a mixture of water and antifreeze, use a large-sized or multi-stage (for example, propylene glycol), or an organic rhenium burner. Such a solution allows reducing the amount of water, for example, an organic working fluid, the size of the storage tank or, in general, what is used in the first circuit. The first is not to use it and to keep the possibility for the circuit of the inter-circuit heat exchanger has liquids - the requirement to supply, in fact, "instant" hot water. first connection with the first circuit, which carries the organic Operating conditions, including the maximum temperature of the working heat-carrying fluid, and the second circuit has rature and pressure, in the first circuit of the cogeneration fluid connection with the second circuit of the heat exchanger system should be determined by the properties of the organic, carrying liquid. It is advisable to place inter-end working fluid. A nture heat exchanger can be used between the pump and the spiral controller to monitor and, if necessary, change the expander of the first circuit, thanks to which it is the operating parameters of the system. For assistance, it acts as an evaporator for organic working fluid. This configuration can also include switches, sensors and valves installed by the controller of its functions in the system. the spatial circuit device of the previous For example, to protect the expander from overheating, which has a heat exchange connection with speed reduction during transient processes by the closed circuit of the condenser, thanks to which part of the start-up and shutdown or when the heat decreases (or disappears), that remains in the heat exchange fluid after the system load, the controller can block or activate the bypass valves, forcing which includes the heat source, the first second fluid, the overheated organic working fluid to bypass the circulation circuits and the inter-circuit heat exchanger. The controller can through the thermostat also the miner. A micro-system of indirect heating KTE provides conditions defined by the user. has certain advantages, namely flexibility in lightness

Use of organic working fluid, not maintenance. Several liquid circulating water is important in cases where its transport circuits work in such a way that the source of heating or use in the system can occur (for example, a burner) provides heat at a temperature below 32"E (0"C ). The used fluid circulation circuit, which has thermal conductivity in the water system during prolonged exposure to temperature (but not liquid) connection with the first liquid below 0"С, can also damage the outgoing circulation circuit. The second liquid circuit system malfunction. In addition, the use of the cooling circuit has a pipeline through which the water bridge of the organic working fluid passes through the heat exchange fluid. This pipeline, preferably, to avoid corrosion caused by water in the ring shape and fins to maximize the temperature oxygen, as well as significant amounts of expalo transfer between the heat source and heat exchanger nder or multi-stage, associated with low-liquid. Circulation is ensured by the lowest vapor density. As an organic working fluid by one pump. It is desirable to use a halocarbon ho circuit for the second liquid circulation has a parallel set of subcircuits, one of which is a liquid agent or pdro-carbon of natural origin, which passes through the CT heat exchanger E is for rise. An example of the first is K-2451a, and examples of heating municipal water and the other passes through the second - some alkanes, for example, isopentane. Other known liquids and refrigerants are used as an intermediary between the heat source and the organic working fluid, despite their attractive thermodynamic properties, circulating in the first liquid circulation quality. For example, K-11 is one of the classes of the cooling circuit. In addition to conducting organi- agents, prohibited almost everywhere from ecological working fluid due to cross-circuit considerations. In a similar way, K-123 is less pre-heat exchanger first fluid circulation acceptable for environmental reasons than K-11, but the circuit includes a spiral expander, connected to can be decomposed under certain conditions arising from the generator PN heat exchanger and circulating in the KTE microsystem. It is necessary to have a condensate pump. After heating, the organic working fluid of the thorium is superheated, expands in the spiral expansion of the hydronic space heating and potpander and rotates the generator, thus producing electricity with a high expansion coefficient. Still overheated organic transmission antenna trenches (from 5 to 7 or 8) low-pressure limiting liquid comes from the selection of liquids with suitable characteristics. expander and enters the heat exchanger

In addition, the need to have a significant density of pa- PN, where another liquid, usually air or water, at the entrance of the expander strongly affects the choice can be heated with an organic working fluid. liquid and the diameter of the spiral chamber, and this affects the price of the spiral chamber. The temperature of the constor heating devices of the residence. densation and the need for a significant expansion of many The circulation pump returns the condensed or- fluids generates high pressure at the entrance of the spiral ganic working fluid into the inter-circuit heat exchanger (and increases the power of the pump) or the sump, after which the process is repeated. tical conditions at the entrance, which complicates the design and Another option for the PN circuit can be the control of the evaporator. The same complications occur when using other natural hydrocarbons, which have a heat exchange connection with the second liquid of new liquids. For example, although pentane, butane and pro- by the circulation circuit to provide add-on are considered as potential working fluids, which PN. In addition, as in the previous aspect, the authors came to the conclusion that isopentane has a better source of heat can have a burner, located liquid qualities for use in a microsystem in a tank type combustion chamber. This tank

KTE. may include an exhaust channel, an exhaust fan

According to another aspect of the invention, the proponator and waste gas heat exchanger are part of the cogeneration system, the configuration of which is attached adjacent to the exhaust duct. The use of an organic working fluid allows heat. An exhaust gas exchanger may have a device

Such a system includes a heat source, the first con- recirculation of waste gas, which improves the tour, designed for the transport of organic heat transfer from this gas. The remaining heat, which is the working fluid, and an electricity generator, which would otherwise be removed from the channel into the atmosphere, is connected to the spiral expander Pe- can be delayed and directed to other parts of the system. For example, a heat exchanger receives an organic working fluid, a condenser, a working gas can be built into the first fluid-connected with a spiral expander, and a subcircuit of the second fluid circulation circuit, a pump that provides circulation of the organic robot to provide additional heat to the heating choi liquid The first circuit has a thermal connection with the heat exchanger. a source of heat, thanks to which the heat coming from it turns the organic working liquefied cogeneration system with direct heating into superheated steam. the configuration of which allows for circulation

According to another aspect of the invention, the application of an organic working fluid. The advantages of this new KTE microsystem with indirect heating, KTE microsystems are low cost and simplicity.

The system includes a piping circuit, which, according to an additional aspect of the invention, forms a path for the passage of organic working fluid, a system for providing domestic liquid is proposed, organic working fluid located in hot water, space heat and electrical piping circuit, an evaporator located by energy using the Rankine cycle and organic- on the way of the organic working fluid, the burner with the working fluid. The system includes essentially has a thermal connection with the evaporator due to which the closed liquid circuit, designed for tra- heat enters the evaporator and overheats the organic working fluid - placed on the path of the organic working fluid, the overheating of the organic working fluid and the con- why the organic working fluid passes through the troller to regulate the system operations. Basically, through the spiral expander, remaining a re-closed liquid circuit at least heated after leaving it, the generator is operationally partially formed by a serpentine pipeline connected to the spiral expander and the destination, the configuration of which turns it into a thermal for generating electricity, a condenser and the transmission element for the organic working pump, located in the path of the organic working liquid, and includes a spiral expander, a liquid generator between the condenser and the evaporator. and the pump. The term "tube" is equivalent to the term

The condenser includes a primary circuit, a "channel" because both refer to a hollow vessel in the way of an organic working vessel for transporting liquids. The burner has such a way that the primary circuit has a liquid connection, a thermal connection with a coiled tube essentially with a spiral expander, and a secondary circuit, a closed liquid circuit. The spiral configuration, the structure of which allows for the transfer of at least a part of the expander, allows to receive the superheated part of the heat contained in the organic working organic working fluid, the configuration of the condensate fluid that passes through the primary circuit, allows to extract at least part of the external circuit, which can be, for example , the heat remaining in the organic working fluid space heater. after passing it through a spiral expander,

As an option, the KTE microsystem with direct heating, and the pump creates pressure and ensures circulation of the air, includes a controller, valves of the combustion chamber and ganic working fluid. exhaust means similar to those mentioned above. Preferably, according to another additional aspect of the invention, if the organic working fluid is pdrocarbon, a cogeneration system of non-natural origin (for example, isopentane) or direct heating is proposed, which includes a heat source, a halogenocarbon refrigerant, for example, B - a passive heat transfer element , which has 245 ta. In addition, the heat source, which can be a thermal connection with the heat source, the first igniter can have increased dimensions for the starter, the generator and the second circuit. The configuration of the transfer of additional heat in such types of system whose circuit ensures the transportation of organic, which does not provide for the storage reservoir of the working fluid and is located adjacent to the gas station for DHW. In this case, the burner can be the end of a passive heat-transfer element, increased or multi-stage, and each stage due to which the heat transferred by this element is assigned to a certain part of the external volumes, increases the energy reserve in the organic working heating circuits, for example, PN or PGV In addition liquid The first circuit consists of at least that, these external circuits can be connected to a spiral expander designed to receive a cogeneration system through a single connection to an organic working fluid, a condenser having capacitors that provides branching for thermal communication with the spiral expander, and on the corresponding PN and PGV contours. nipple designed to provide circulation

According to another aspect of the invention, pro-organic working fluid. The configuration of the condensed combined thermal energy microsystem ensures the transfer of at least part of the topic. Such a system includes a circuit for generating excess heat of an organic working fluid for electricity and a connection with an external heating circuit of an external heating circuit. As in the previous contours. The circuit of electricity generation options, the generator connected to the spiral includes a burner for increasing the temperature of the expander, produces electricity, according to the organic working fluid to the state of overheating, to the energy coming from the spiral chamber. expander for receiving superheated steam. The configuration of the second circuit ensures that the organic working fluid remains in the heat exchange fluid through it and in its superheated state after exiting the spiral ex- located adjacent to the end of the passive heat expander, a generator operatively connected to of the transmission element is the heat that is transferred from it by the ral expander for generating electricity, increases the energy reserve in energy, the capacitor, the location of which is organic working fluid. The second circuit of the warehouse provides fluid communication with the spiral expander, at least from the combustion chamber, the positioner, and the pump to ensure the circulation of the organ adjacent to the heat source with the possibility of a separate working fluid. Connecting element, days of spent gas. The combustion chamber is located on the condenser, has a configuration similar to that described for the previous options, which provides the thermal connection of the condenser with the exception that one end of the passive heat is an external heating circuit, which can be a transmission element (preferably in the form of a circuit DHW, PN circuit or both.As with the preheat tube) lies inside the combustion chamber and in their variants, a controller can be installed, can absorb heat from the heat source. combustion chamber and corresponding means.

According to another aspect of the invention, a cogeneration system, which includes a source of domestic hot water, is proposed that heats the liquid (for example, water) in the bath circuit. It is desirable to overheat the organic working fluid by the operation of overheating, passive heat transfer element, heating, which has a thermal connection with the heat source, and is 10-30" (6-18"C) above the boiling point and create the first circuit. circuit has a configuration that pressure not higher than approximately 200-450 psi provides transport of organic working (140-31bat) during the return operation of the pump. fluid and is located adjacent to the end of the passive The superheating operation brings the temperature of the or- heat transfer element, thanks to which ganic working fluid to approximately 250-350" the heat transferred from this element is over- (121-177"C). In addition, the expansion operation heats up the organic working fluid. The first circuit is designed in such a way that the electrical output of the generator, consisting of at least a spiral expander, reaches 10 kW, and the cooling operation of the pump designed to receive the organic working fluid is performed in such a way that the thermal output of the condenser, which has a thermal connection communication with the spi- is transferred to the external heating circuit, ral expander, and the pump assigned reaches bOkWt. The heat source can heat the organic working fluid directly or indirectly. A generator connected to a spiral expan- directly. A nander control operation can be added, generates electricity according to the valve bore to ensure the bypass of the organic working fluid in the spiral chamber. The configuration of the condenser provides the expander under predetermined conditions by which the transfer of at least part of the excess can be network failure, and transient pro- heat of the organic working fluid to the external cess associated with starting or stopping. heating circuit. As in the previous version, according to another aspect of the invention, the proposed passive heat transfer element is, preferably, a system for generating electricity, a heating pipe and, in a similar way, built-in and space heating due to the expansion of the organ in the combustion chamber . night working fluid in an overheated state. This sys-

According to another aspect of the invention, the protem includes an organic working fluid, a channel for the method of generating heat and electricity flow, the configuration of which provides transitions with a cogeneration device. This method includes the porting of the organic working fluid, the combustion chamber of the first circuit configuration for drilling located in the flow channel, the spiral porting of the organic working fluid, the superheated expander located in the flow channel and the organic working fluid as a heat source, capable of receiving and give the organic working fluid that has a thermal connection with the first circuit, the liquid in the superheated state, the generator, the operational expansion of the superheated organic working fluid in the connected with the spiral expander, for the spiral expander, rotation of the generator, electricity generation, capacitor, which has a ter- connected to the spiral expander, for genetic connection with the spiral expander and the pump, electricity generation, cooling of the organic to ensure the circulation of the organic working working fluid in the condenser, thanks to which every- fluid through the flow channel. The combustion chamber, the smallest part of the heat of the organic working fluid has a burner, a heat transfer element, the prin- passing through the condenser, the value is transferred to conduct the organic working fluid to the external heating circuit, the use of the Burner to the burner, and the exhaust duct is designed for at least part of the heat transferred to the outside - to remove the combustion products formed by the burner of the heating circuit, to provide ventilation to the atmosphere. As in the previous versions, the interlayer heat and the return of organic work between the condenser and the external heating fluid after leaving the condenser in such a way that the circuit can be used to implement the first circuit, that it can receive additional heat exchange with the PN circuit. Forging heat from a heat source may be added. system adjustment devices, for example, con-

As an option, this method includes maintaining the roller, switches and valves, as well as additional organic working fluid in an overheated state, heat exchange devices connected to the exhaust roller of the expansion operation. An additional operational or capacitor. The following is a detailed description of the desired effects: the use of at least part of the heat of the invention with references to the drawings in which it was transferred to the external heating circuit, Fig. 1 is a diagram of an integrated KTE microsystem for heating the circuit of domestic hot water. In accordance with the invention, with indirect heating, the storage tank and equipment for PN and a second circuit for the transportation of heating and cooling fluid to the PGV circuit, where this circuit is provided with several operations, is provided with a storage tank and equipment KTE microsystem with cremated from the PN circuit, thermally connected to direct heating, without storage reserve - a capacitor. The second circuit consists of a funeral apparatus and equipment for PN and PGV, a conductive circuit, which has a thermal connection with Fig. 3 - a diagram of an integrated KTE microsystem with a heat source. The second circuit has heat exchange - direct heating, without a storage reserve - connection with at least one circuit of the boiler and equipment for PN and DHW, hot water, for example, with a heat exchanger Fig. 4 - diagram of an integrated KTE microsystem with or storage tank water The second one is directly heated, with a storage tank, the circuit has such a configuration that at least rum and equipment for PN and PGV, part of the heat transferred to the heat exchange fluid

Fig. 5 is a diagram of an integrated KTE microsystem with a tour 100 through connecting elements (not by direct heating, without a storage reservoir) on a capacitor 102. Alternatively, in the outer layer and equipment for PN, the heating circuit 140 can be installed

Fig. 6 - the introduction of the heating tube into the embodiment of the pre-heating coil, thanks to the invention with indirect heating and a common heat source, the hydronic liquid (usually water), which is a counter-exchanger for PN and DHW, passing through it, can experience an increase in temperature

Fig. 7 - the introduction of a heating tube into the embodiment of the circuit caused by heat exchange from the heat exchanger of the invention with direct heating and a common heat exchange fluid passing in the second circuit 150. exchanger for PN and PGV. Circulation of hydronic fluid in external heating

Fig. 1 illustrates the embodiment of the KTE microsystem 1, in the circuit 140 is created by an ordinary pump, which is a two-circuit system with indirect heating 141 and through a radiator 148 or a similar device, which includes the first (or primary) circuit of the swarm provides spatial heating. For example, 100 and the second circuit 150. The advantage of the system with non-pdronic liquid can leave the condenser by direct heating is the possibility to avoid overheating 102, having a temperature of 50 "C, and return to the nozzle of the boiler (or evaporator) of the first circuit with a temperature of 30" WITH. Thermal capacity of ru. The first circuit 100 includes an expander 101, system 1 is up to bOKVT (heat), however, the fault is the condenser 102, the pump 103 and one part of the intercon- duct includes the use of nodes with a larger or tour heat exchanger 104 Organic working lower thermal capacity. Natural for (co-liquid (for example, natural hydrocarbons or gas-generation) microsystems "TE" is the ability of post-halogenocarbon refrigerants, not shown) to circulate heat in addition to electricity. The heat shock from the heat source and expanded working expander 101, condenser 102, the liquid pump can be transferred to the external circuits 103 and the inter-circuit heat exchanger 104. PN and PGV pipes. It is desirable to carry out heat exchange either in 110 is used to connect different compo- countercurrent heat exchangers (for circuits both nents of the first circuit 100, and pump 103 creates PN and DHW), or through the usual accumu- pressure to supply organic working fluid to inter- internal hot water tank (for the DHW circuit). circuit heat exchanger 104, thereby closing It is clear that, although in the embodiments illustrated, the first circuit 100. The generator 105 (preferably, in the drawings, the heat exchangers PN and PGV are shown of this type) is connected to the expander 101 acting in parallel (and in some cases have thus , that the expansion by the expander 101 is a common heat exchange device), the invention includes generating electricity. Although the expander 101 can have sequential heat exchange configurations. be of any type, it is desirable that it be a spiral. The second circuit 150 includes two parallel tubes with an expander. The spiral expander can be circuits 150A, 1508, which receive heat from a conventional single spiral device, lynk 151, which receives fuel from a gas supply - known to specialists. The oil pump 108 supplies the unit 152 through the gas supply valve 153. lubricant to the spiral chamber. The oil provides the tubes 160 (which form parallel subcircuits) hear the seal between the crossed stationary and pass through the combustion chamber 154, where heat-rotating layers forming sickle-shaped bmine fluid (not shown) flowing through the tubes of the spiral expander chamber. At the outlet of the condenser 160, which receives the heat generated by the combustion of the burner 103, there is a switch 120 of the fuel indicator in the burner 151. Tubes 160, which include a level with an indicator 120A of a high level and an indicator part 161 of a tube with fins, located in a low 1208 equal. The controller 130 regulates the combustion measures 154, branching out to the first pa- operation of the system. It receives the parameters of the parallel subcircuit 150A, which transports the heat load, the temperature of the organic working fluid in the exchange fluid heated in the combustion chamber 154, to them the points of the first circuit and information about the liquid circuit heat exchanger 104 to transfer the output from the switch 120 level indicator. For the heat to the organic working fluid flowing through the programmed logic, it can be the first circuit 100. To regulate the flow between used to open and close the valves (not subcircuits can be installed block- shown) according to predetermined mind- valves (not shown) , however, robot slowdown, for example, in the event of a failure of the Geneta network of the pump of an inactive subcircuit, can be prevented. The rotor 102 is preferably an asynchronous device that provides simple, inexpensive maintenance without the use of additional valves in the event of a significant flow in this subcircuit. The second system 1, since the need for a complex parallel subcircuit 1508 disappears, transports the heat control of the speed of the generator and, in the corresponding connection, the exchange fluid to the heat exchanger 180 PGV for the heating network. Asynchronous generator without con- heating of domestic hot water. One part of the troll always generates the maximum possible heat exchanger 180 (which can be accumulative because its need for a rotating water tank) includes a coil 180A, the moment rapidly increases, the frequency of the generator 105, which has a configuration that provides transport- exceeds the system one. The generator 105 can be the heating of the heat exchange fluid, and the second part, designed for an industrial frequency of 50 or the shell 1808, is intended for the transportation of high Hz, while storing the rotational speed of domestic hot water (not shown) from the entrance, close (often with a deviation of 150 rpm /wave or 191A of cold water, past the coil 180A to the output less) to synchronous (3000 or z360bob/wave). 1918 PGV. Usually cold water comes from

The external heating circuit 140 (shown as the PN circuit of a well or communal water supply network) can be connected to the first con- Temperature sensor 1718 can measure the temperature

DHW tour coming out of the heat exchanger 180 DHW. that burner 151 is really burning. Gas consumption

This sensor can also be attached to the counter for reasons of maximum duration of the Robo-roller 130 (see below). The combustion chamber 154 has a system taking into account the measured external exhaust channel 155 recirculation device 156 temperature and the rate of its changes. The exhaust gas pump 1858 with the exhaust heat exchanger provides a constant supply of heat exchange fluid to the th channel and the fan 158. It is clear that although the combustion chamber 154 according to the constant value the fan 158 is shown as exhaust, it can for the temperature sensor 171A. When the sensor 171A is also the discharge, depending on the location, it sets approximately 5095 thermostat settings, the setting in the combustion chamber 154. The sensor 171A increases the speed of the pump 1858 until the temperature at the outlet 154 of the combustion chamber for the druture, measured by the sensor 171A, reaches the dry circuit 150 and it measures the temperature state, after which the burner 151 and the pump 1858 start - the heat of the exchange fluid, similar to the sensor 1708. is adjusted to maintain constant values from

Pumps 185A 1858 of the second circuit provide temperature sensors 171A, 1718. When the heat exchange fluid circulation switch through the second flow 190 indicates zero flow, the burner 151 and the circuit 150, and the pump 1858 provides the circu- pump 1858 stop operation. The second circuit 150 circulation of the heat exchange fluid through the heater 180 can be equipped with a small expansion

PGV, and the pump 185A - the circulation of the heat exchange tank (not shown) to compensate for the liquid through the inter-circuit heat exchanger 104. thermal expansion at moderately high pressures

Heat exchanger 157 of the exhaust channel and recirculation of the heat exchange liquid. exhaust gas heating device 156 If the user wants heat, indicated by receiving hot exhaust room thermostat (not shown), burner 151 gas from the burner 151 and recirculating it, realizing its internal heat exchange and thereby reducing the temperature of the heating capacity for heating the system 1. The exhaust gas pump, which is extracted and discharged in 1858, begins to work with the fan 158, which is determined in advance. to the heat exchanger 157, determined by the initial combustion intensity of the pago channel, is used to provide an additive and the reaction of the system, which depends on its con- heat in other parts of the system 1 In this structure. The controller 130 responds to the heat demand in this case, this heat is used to raise the temperature of the heat exchange fluid in the second set by the user according to the setpoint for the room temperature. Control of combustion circuit 150, burner 151 and the flow created by the pump

The controller 130, which can be programmed 185A, is carried out partially depending on the temperature (the sensor is not shown). Pump 103 controls the operation of system elements. All pumps of the first circuit operate at a speed that can be sufficient to maintain the level of the organic working fluid controlled by signals from the controller 130. After setting the switch between the lower 1208 and the upper 120A, the signal for heating the burner 151 is set. The controller 130 injects fuel, and on the corresponding circulation pumps, it sends a command to the pump 103 to start, or 185A or 1858 is supplied with power. For PGV acceleration, if the level of the organic working liquid flow switch 190 together with the temperature sensor 1718 exceeds the level of 120A, and stops them, if this controller sends an input signal to the controller, the level drops below the level 1208. 130. The switch 190 selects the PGV mode and task- The length of the part 161 of the tubes 160, which has a child for PGV enters the temperature sensor 171A and is located in the middle of the combustion chamber 154, tours. The gas flow for the burner and the pump 1858 PGV can be minimized by the proper selection of pumps are regulated to ensure the desired temperature control points and channel size for the value set by the user on the thermostat (not shown - 1 KTE microsystem. In fact, the device is 156 RVG funum) PGV. ctions together with the exhaust channel 155 and is integrated

During the operation of the system, the heat exchanger 157 heated by the heat exchange part of the heat exchanger passes the sensor 171A, which sends the compressed gas. The flow of hot exhaust is the corresponding signal to the controller 130, after which the gas is directed axially through the device 156. come out However, in the process, the jet through the annular recirculation channel 1568 of the start-up system of the controller 130 must be provided with anti-tope and then re-injected into the inlet 156A. a certain initialized state that corresponds to the requirements. The walls of the 156 RVG device are cooled by safety heat exchangers and exists until the heat exchange fluid passes through the heat exchanger 171A temperature sensor. Preferably, the exchanger 157 of the channel and therefore the recirculating gas, so that the flow of the heat exchange fluid during the start-up of the inlet 156A is partially cooled. This cooling was minimal, and the rate of heating of the liquid, the driven gas, leaving through the plane 1568, was due to this to be as large as possible. combustion chamber 154 and circuit (shown), where an additional signal is sent to the controller 130 indicating gas cooling. In a more compact version, the internal annular channel of the device 156 of the RVG of the molar 330, which indicates when the load is to be replaced by a set of finned tubes (not the theme is absent (for example, in case of failure of the me- shown), each of which on the inlet end has a cut), and these valves allow the superheated steam gas supply device under pressure. Such a decision to bypass the expander, preventing this causes the use of an increased amount of liquid, increasing the speed of the spiral chamber 301. In this, which increases the inertia of the system, but has significant cases in a changed way, the superheated steam provides advantages, including the use of the device 156 in the inlet of the condenser 302 In normal workers

RVG in the evaporator, where the organic working fluid is not under conditions when there is a load in the system, experiences the effects of the full temperature of the spent heated steam enters the spiral expander 301 and the gas and the final heat extraction does not decrease. in the chimney, in particular, to rotate relative to the fixed crossed cold air. The main advantage of the pre-evolved spiral casing is that the level of harmful gas supports expands, passing through sickle-shaped by-products (for example, MOX) of the lower chamber, the volume of which increases, the movement it creates. The advantage of the RVG device 156 is also that it provides the orbital shell with a generator, which due to the reduction of the maximum temperature, torus 305 through a shaft with a coupling or through an integrator acting on the ribbed part 161, can be used due to the design of the rotor/stator in the spiral chamber simpler and cheaper components with save- 301. Depending on the type of lubricant that the use of the system durability provided in the system (ie, whether the lubricant is capable of more expensive materials. mixing or not) the spiral chamber 301 can

Fig. 2 illustrates another embodiment of the microsystem 2 to contain an oil pump 308, which provides a circular

KTE with indirect heating. Here, the second circuit 250 culation of oil that remains in the spiral can has parallel sub-circuits. Instead, measure from overheated steam. The exhaust duct 355 and directly from the combustion chamber 254 to the intercon- fan 358 work as described above. ROM 1508 (Fig. 1) is now integrated into the external exchange fluid in the second circuit 150, 250, mono-heating circuit 240. This circuit, which serves to provide additional heat to various parts of

PGV and PN, can be branched out after joining the system 3. For example, this is additional heat to the condenser 202 by valves 247A, 247B, which can be provided to the organic working fluid, if necessary, provide supply to the radiator outlet from the pump 385 (point A). Similarly, ditch 248 PN or to the heat exchanger 280 PGV. Now, it can be used for additional heat exchanger 280 PGV can be a water tank for heating the external heating circuit at points B for hot water storage (as in the previous one and C. The exact location of points A, B, C is determined by the type of option) or a two-channel countercurrent the heat of the organic working fluid and its properties. Need a replacement device. After the liquid (of course, it should be noted that the heat exchanger 380 PGV can have water) passes through one of the heat exchangers PN configuration of a conventional countercurrent two-channel and PGV or through both, it through the heating con- of the heat exchanger or be a storage tour 240 flows back to the condenser 202, the water tank as described above in order to start the cycle again. Before entering the con- in the case of the presence of a small-volume reservoir or densator 202, the liquid can be exposed to its absence (for example, in the absence of heat by a thermally adjacent second con- stor), a heat exchanger to ensure rapid circulation 250 in the device 245 according to the front reaction for PGV, there may be a need for additional heating. forging heating. In this case, one of the reasons

Fig. 3, 4 illustrate the KTE microsystem from powders, it is possible to use more or abundant heating. The advantage of this system is a more advanced burner. This will reduce the reaction time and the simple design and low cost of maintenance will make it instantaneous or almost instantaneous for DHW heating. In this embodiment, the Z system does not have a second (for example, for showers, baths and hot water circuit valves. Instead of an inter-circuit heat exchanger, di). Fig. 4 illustrates the modification of the KTE microsystem, which in the previous embodiment was a heat source with direct heating (Fig. 3). In this version of the sys- for the first circuit, the chamber 304 is used here, topic 4 has a storage tank 480. This combustion, where the fuel is burned in makes it possible to serve the gas column without increasing the gas column 352 through the valve 353 and the burner 351 of the burner and the energy for the heated element and evaporation of the organic working fluid. As with 480C, the tank can be taken directly from the previous embodiment, the organic working fluid from the generator 405. In addition, the compromise combi- overheats, and the generator 305 has an asynchronous nuing of the size of the storage tank 480 communication with the load, preferably on the user- and size or number of stages of the burner 451 can provide the best functionality and satisfaction of the network on the electricity meter side, that is, on the power side. The load on the spiral expander meets the compactness/volume requirements. der 301 on the side of the network keeps mechanical speeds Fig. 5 illustrates microsystem 5 KTE with a straight line in a spiral chamber within constructive limits. On heating, which is the simplest because the purpose of the flow path of the organic working fluid is determined only to generate electricity and provided by pipes 310 (a part of which is channel 361), PN watts. The lack of DHW maintenance allowed block valve 307A and a bypass valve to do without a storage tank without 3078. These valves are controlled by a signal of counter-deterioration of system functionality or increase

burning of the burner. In the rest of the details, such a system exists even when the temperature difference of the ends is not similar to the described embodiment of direct heating, otherwise the operation of the systems is similar to those described, including the operation of components 551, 552, 553 above. heat relay, exhaust components 555, 556, 557, Fig. 8 illustrates the elements of the heat exchanger 157, 558 components 501, 502, 503, 504, 507A, 8 and 508 of the exhaust channel and the recirculation device of the path of the organic working fluid of the generator 505 and 156 of the exhaust gas. Camera 154 combustion device 520, 530 control with sensors. (not shown to scale) contains a significant part

Fig. b, 7 illustrate the modification of the cogeneration device of the heat source, including the burner 151, of the systems with direct and indirect heating, which describes how the exhaust gas and the combustion products accompanying them above the passive heat transfer element enter the exhaust duct (Fig. 6 ), preferably in the form of a heat pipe 675, 155, from which they can be discharged into the atmosphere, be located between the first circuit 600 and the ferro, for which an exhaust fan can be used by the second circuit 650 to provide heat circulation. Recirculation device 156 of the strand between these circuits and the heat source. The exhaust gas is a co-annular channel, which the catch tube 775 (Fig. 7) is in the path of the flow of exhaust gas from the area around the stick of the first circuit, which also includes the nozzle 151 through the internal annular channel 156A and the spiral expander 701, the condenser 702 and directs a part of the gas back to the outer ring suction 703. In other variants, the heat pipe is the lubrication channel 1568. Passing through the outer ring in the evacuated hermetic reserve channel 1568, this part of the gas gives off a part of the air, which contains a small amount of working fluid, its heat to the heat exchanger 157 of the exhaust channel, for example, water or methanol. When one end is shown as a coil. From there, the coil of the tube (which is usually called the evaporative heat exchanger 157 can be directed to the end) is heated, the working fluid quickly evaporates in other places of the system, where it can be given due to the low pressure of the fluid. Vapor heat. pass through the second end (which is usually called a capacitor) under low pressure and the skilled person can use the invention. Various modifications are given by latent heat. Under the influence of weight or through these embodiments and the principles of the invention will allow pobu- capillaries condensed liquid returns to blow other embodiments without additional invention- evaporating end and the cycle repeats. If you The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, the liquid has a large heat of vaporization, and its volume is determined by its principles, and a new method can be used to transfer a significant amount of heat. gu t h rya s

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FIG. 8

Computer layout V. Klyukin Signature Circulation 26 approx.

Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

State Department of Intellectual Property, str. Urytskogo, 45, Kyiv, MSP, 03680, Ukraine

SE "Ukrainian Institute of Industrial Property", str. Glazunova, 1, Kyiv - 42, 01601