UA79745C2 - Frog for points and method to make it - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a frog for points, which are used in rail installations and are welded to the rail track of rail installations. The frog is configured as a rigid frog (1), consisting of two standard rail halves, which are connected in the vicinity of their heads (7, 8) and feet (4, 5) by means of weld scams (6, 6') produced by electron beam welding. An air gap is provided between the webs (11) of the standard rail halves (2, 3).

Description

These turnouts consist of functionally assigned elements, such as individual 5.704570|, according to which the element of the core of a section of rails of the rail track is known, cross-pieces from robo-cross-pieces for the turnout device, whose rail and counter-rail, and the points of the arrow consisting of a pair of rail parts made of transfer. These functionally designed elements made of high carbon steel with the main cap bear particularly high loads and the sole and the sole part and the running between them know increased wear. a supporting area, and each part

The cross-piece of the arrow translation, in particular, the rails are formed with a hollow convexity on the side of the narrowed core of the cross-piece, are made by winding surfaces. In addition, between the pairs of parts of the rails, a reinforcing plate is made from a standard rail of normal length, which is assembled by appropriate mechanical processing and then made of the same material as the pairs of parts of the rails and connected to them by fusion butt welding with the main and the sole part is connected to the standard rail, which is connected by pairs of parts of the rails. goes to her The disadvantage of this decision is that after pro-

As separate segments of the rails of the rail track, as well as the process of welding, the process of electronic welding - the cross and the point of the arrow transfer are fun- heat treatment is necessary to achieve functionally assigned elements of each homogeneous thin pearlite structure, and, in addition, the arrow transfer and undergo special navan- the fact that the elements of the whisker are crossed by stretching. welding their sole parts are attached to

In particular, the fixed crosspiece of the arrow body and with the help of through-bolts and transfer nuts is subjected to increased shocks and changes. They are screwed to each other, which requires significant loads, so that the rocking surfaces of the manufacturing costs and ultimately as a result of the core of the crosspiece are made in a known way. free compression of the connected booms from highly wear-resistant and thermally strengthened parts is achieved. became The load on the core of the cross-piece is especially high in pairs of parts of the rails when rolling the rail due to tension, as a result of which, after the process of welding the cross-pieces to the top zone and back and from the whipping, heat treatment is required to remove these loads on axis and, first of all, from residual stresses. by increasing the speed of movement, it increased disproportionately the described method melts, so that at the peak of collisions, significant deformations may appear in the joints of two elements located next to each other, which significantly reduce the term of the arrow translation, which are connected using the service of a cross, in particular, if there is no non-laser welding, and the elements that running elasticity in the vertical direction. are connected, the parts of the standard rail are so connected

So, for example, in the description (patent MEER 0269603) chenies with each other, that between both connected

VI1| the proposed method of manufacturing cross-elements is a gap, a joint through which the gaps of the arrow transfer or a short rail in the groove, the gases formed in the welding process and the rolling zone of the arrow transfer rail, are led through the holes in the necks of the rail elements, which consists in applying to rolling surface of cats. In addition, further lasing by means of blast lining or electro-thermal treatment is also required here in order to significantly remove the existing radiation welding or combined stress. rolling on a base of well-welded steel. Therefore, the invention is based on the task, in particular, of a composition containing "0.2495С, "0.0490Р or to create the core of a cross for a fixed cross- 5-0.65965i and "1.790Mp. Alternatively, the proposals of the arrow translation and the method of its manufacture, the methods of applying a wear-resistant layer on the beam, which does not require large costs and deprives the rocking surface of the stationary crossbar, indicate the disadvantages inherent in the level of technology. according to the invention, the task is solved for the fate connection is complicated by significant problems with the help of distinguishing features 1-9 of the claims of the invention. and until now practically did not lead to any special constructive design and re-optimal solution. important decisions are the subject of additional clauses

When plating by explosion, the combination reaches the formula of the invention. occurs as a result of short-term high pressure. Thus, according to the invention, pressure is created. If in the connection zone the temperature of the core of the cross-piece for the arrow transfer, which is not reached, they also offer a method formed by a joint with a fixed cross-piece and pressure welding, which, however, is burdened by the fact that it consists of two half-sections of a standard rail, the disadvantage that the necessary high-quality the joints between which in the head of the rail and in the sole of the rail in the core area are the base and the wear-resistant layer that is applied, not cross-pieces, are connected by means of electron beam welding, and in the area of the rail neck there is an alternative proposed , needs an air gap so that transverse compression does not create obstacles when it comes to welding. of the required high-quality connection between the base and the depth of the weld in the head of the rail with a static wear-resistant layer that is applied, a slight twist of about ZOmm, and in the sole of the rail about the carbon content for the base metal. 25 MmmM.

In addition, the disadvantage is that the cross-pieces made in this way must be additionally subjected to mechanical processing, preferably the process of milling.

bathing Another possibility of air formation occurs under vacuum, these half-sections of the standard gap are shown below. rails in the head and in the sole are welded one by one

Regarding the applied half-sections by standard electron-beam welding. This new rail refers to two parts that make up the process also takes place under vacuum, and the direction of the electron beam can be both horizontal and vertical. This is mainly as a result of processing from the inside in the zone depends on the corresponding length of the rail head and rail sole weld in accordance with the most and chemical compositions of standard rails, however, with a more favorable shape prepared for electrification of external degassing with direct spray-beam welding. in the welding process, it is more acceptable to correct

In a more acceptable version of the execution, the electron beam is taken obliquely, that is, the half-sections of the standard rail can be bent at a certain angle, which means that the electron beam is also made in the rolling process, when it is directed in an inclined position during the process, which is also formed necessary for the welding. river compression air gap on half sections The electron beam itself works from a standard rail. As a result of the further special distribution of the power density of the mechanical processing, the connecting energy of the beam is obtained, so that the half-sections of the standard rail surfaces of the half-sections of the standard rail are welded without pores and without oxides. In addition, the surfaces are clean and do not contain oxides, so as a result of such a process, parallel welds are created thanks to electron beam welding, and the quality of the connection corresponding to the angular compressions is achieved in the weld, and selected specific powers. property allows for the formation of special steam caps

An air gap is provided between both plates, so that the gases that are formed in the process of the welded half-sections of the standard burying rail can escape without hindrance. the head of the rail and the sole of the rail of the connected half-sec. A characteristic feature is the special distribution of this standard rail, so that as a result of the thickening of the power, as a result of the deviation, the core of the cross, consisting of a beam with a frequency of 900Hz, an amplitude of 0.Zmm, and two standard rails , without the internal stresses of the controlled constantly changing craters in the suspension, and also without the residual stresses in the transverse cutting bath. direction In addition, it is essential for the method that

The solution according to the invention is characterized depending on the carbon and manganese content of the welded essentially by the fact that two unilaterally machined half-sections of a standard rail, the position of the welded section of a standard rail made of ordinary seams or the position of the electron beam is determined by the parameters of improved or unimproved standard rails welded parts. For example, the rails are connected to each other in the area of the head and sole, with an increased content of carbon and manganese by electron beam welding. When causes a much larger angle of inclination of the welded parts, this is essentially determined by the fact that in the neck area of the parts or the electron beam, which guides the welded half-sections of the standard rail, there is a non-air gap, which provides the possibility of significant slope values. free transverse compression of the weld without In addition, the significant determining factor is the increase in stresses. the fact that the heating period of the welded half-sections

In the preferred version of the air standard rail is also determined depending on the gap can be formed due to the fact that the corresponding content of carbon and manganese. in the zone of electron-beam welding, i.e. in Thus, half-sections of a standard rail from the zone of the head and sole of the rail are located with a carbon content of up to 0.695 intermittently heated, which consist of material that does not contain up to 320"C, and half-sections of a standard rail with a content of carbon, for example, from technically pure iron or carbon up to 0.895 - up to 420"С, and the heating period of the iron for arrow transfers, and are different, were chosen in such a way that they are necessary for welding with a material thickness of up to 1.5 mm. both peak zones before starting the process

As a result of the use of this type of electron-beam welding, the temperature of the laying is reduced, firstly, the process of mechanical opening from 320 to 400"С in the root zone of the joint of the work to create an air gap, and, secondly, welding process and mechanical technological The essence of this invention is that the two properties of the weld seam make a positive half-section of a standard rail, made of normal- impact, because as a result of alloying the gaskets of them standard rails of normal length, the possibility of stretching in welds increases, connected with each other in the zone of the top in the head and as a result of which, in turn, values are reached - the soles of the rails with the help of electronic specific impact viscosity in the welds, which beam welding for the formation of the core allow to counteract the formation of cracks in the zone of the fixed cross, at the same time, a slip weld is realized when applying the welded seam produced by Tabin within the range of 25-35 mm, and in the area of the neck or nom of the cores of the crossbars and thus the exception of the rails of the connecting half-sections of the standard rail is the formation of cracks. limited by upper and lower welds

After intermittent heating of the welded air gap, which provides a free cross- in the peak zone of both half-sections of the standard rail, which compresses the peaks of both half-sections of the rail. Brew-

not the connection is performed by welding both welded Fig. 1, which clearly shows that both half-sections of the seam at the same time, using two electronic standard rails 2, C are made longitudinal, and beam. how to the top of the heart of the cross 1 sound

At the same time, the invention also concerns what is chewed. In the area of the heads of the half-sections of the standard thanks to the special direction of the electronic rail 7, 8 and in the area of the soles of the half-sections of the standard change and the special distribution of the specific power of the rail 4, 5 of the half-section of the standard rail 2. From the combination of the electron beam, the manufacture of the chain is achieved using welds 6, 6, made welded joints, which according to their technological electron-beam welding. welding and strength properties of the half-sections of the standard rail 2 and Z in the zone of ver- tell about the distinctive quality of the material characteristic of the tire of the fixed cross-piece and the core of the cross-piece 1. connect- Fig. 2, which shows the core of the cross-piece 1, the characteristics of which the top zone is "cut out" are improved in the curved surfaces. weld viscosity. This image directly clarifies how pi-

With the help of this new technical theory, the sectioning of the standard rail 2, C in the area of the head 7, 8 and 10 has significant advantages, since in the area of the sole 4, 5, ordinary standard rails of a normal length adjoin each other and between these tangential surfaces to a certain extent. in the same zone, during the manufacture of cross-piece cores, the neck of the cross-piece core 1 is formed in the direction of the friction gap 9. technological production costs, and the costs of raw materials. There is no need to clean the area of the sole of the core of the cross 1, limited weld processing, and an adjustable weld 6.6" is provided, the depth of which is within the range of 25 to 35 mm, and the length of this weld heating , of the direct welding process up to 2000 mm is welded without problems and before cooling, so that the shape and formation of both halves of the standard expensive straightening work and annealing for the removal of rail 2, C are shown directly in Fig. 3, internal on which both half-sections of the standard rail 2, Z

In addition, the advantage also lies in the fact that shown at a parallel distance in relation to each other, the cores of the cross-pieces made in this way are for one and from which it is clearly visible how the inner surfaces of the fixed cross-pieces can be used without problems using rail necks 11 of both half-sections of the standard rail in the rails of the rail tracks and weld with them, 2, Z are equipped with notches 13, which at the junction of both halves, because in the welding zone of the structural elements of the standard rail 2,3, they form air holes, they have the same inherent material gap 9. composition. Provided in half-sections of a standard rail

The subject of this invention consists not only of 2,3 holes in the neck of the rail 10 are functionally not only from the subject of individual clauses of the formula and essential for the core of the crosspiece, but serve as a move, but also from a combination of separate clauses of the formula for installing elements of fastening and fixation of the invention. for installation and positioning of standard half-sections

All the data contained in the documentation, included rail 2, Z for electron-beam welding composition, distinctive features, in particular, are submitted to creation. As a result, a ready-made core is created. compared to the welded seam 6, 6", and in the area of the neck of the rails 11 both state-of-the-art. welded half-sections of the standard rail 2, From the front

Below, the invention is explained in more detail for the visible air gap 9. with the help of implementation examples. Another example of connecting two half-

The attached drawing shows: sections of the standard rail 2, C and the formation of air - in Fig. 1: made of two half-sections of the standard gap 9 is shown in Fig. 5. In this example, both half-sections of the standard are prepared; Noi rails 2, 3, as already described above. Usually, in Fig. 2: ready-made welded core of the cross-piece, but from the execution of notches 13 on the inner surface-cut in the top zone of the fixed core of the cross-pieces, the neck of the rail 11 is refused. These are both tovins; the inner surfaces are accordingly processed as shown in Fig. 3: two prepared half-sections in a standard way, so that they are metallically clean and therefore the rails for welding with the help of electronic do not contain oxides. beam; The air gap 9 is formed as a result in Fig. A4: images of both welded electronic arrangement of gaskets 12, which are provided as in it by the beam of the half-sections of the standard rail in the cross-section of the head of the half-sections of the standard rail 7, 8, such as; in the area of the sole of the half-sections of the standard rail 4, 5. on Fig. 5: the image of two connected verses - At the same time, the dimensions of the spacers are 12 according to their half-sections of the rails with spacers, in section. in width correspond to the size of the air gap

Made of two half-sections of standard rail 9, i.e. about 1.5 mm and depth 2 according to their height. From the core of the cross 1 as a component part of the weld 6, 6", i.e. they are within the limits of the fixed cross, which can be used from 25 to 35 mm . in turnouts of rail tracks, filed on

Other changes, mechanical processing and improvement, and in the preferred method, the direction of the half-sections of the electron beams connected in this example should be oblique, i.e. standard rail 2, It is not necessary to make. then the rays must pass at a certain angle

By its deviations from the nominal size and ascent or slope. with improvements, they correspond to those presented in Fig. 1-4. ny special distribution of specific power, which

When preparing for welding processes, the deflection of the beam and the unfolding half-section of the standard rail 2, with a combined amplitude, and as a result of the high-frequency connection and fixation between the elements, the establishment of the oscillations of the electron beam are guaranteed to be balanced in the holes in the neck rails 10. As usual, the numerical distribution of the technological mechanical properties of the half-section of the standard rail 2.3 in the area of the heads of the half-tivities. As a result of the constantly changing conditions of the sections of the standard rail 7, 8 and the soles of the half-sections, the rupture of the capillaries ensures that the reporting of the standard rail 4, 5 is flat against the side gases directly in the process of welding, or, as described in example implementation 2, between in addition, as a result of a special distribution of contact surfaces, there are spacers of 12. the specific power of the electron beam formed

In these joined positions of the half-section, parallel welds are standardized, and the provided tny rail 2, Z is welded with the help of an electron-air gap 9 in the core of the crosspiece 1 of the xano-radial welding both in the area of the sole, thus ensuring free transverse compression of the welded and in head area. seam

Before the start of the welding process, the selected half-section of the standard rail 2, Z is heated intermittently, depending on the composition, the carbonization of heat or partial overheating of the welding plane of the half-sections of the standard rail 2, 3 is prevented in an intermittent way and depending on the composition material, and as a result of heating in a vacuum

With a carbon content of up to 0.695, heating produces joints that do not reach 320°C. With a carbon content of up to 0.895, semi-containing oxides, which guarantees the achievement of high-quality sections of the standard rail 2, C, are heated to welding joints without negative - 420"C. Heating is carried out under a vacuum, and over time, the effect on the technological mechanical properties is limited and coordinated in such a way that the immovable cross-piece made in this way. the heating temperature reached from 320 to 40070. Formation and location of the weld 6, 6b'

The next electron-beam process also creates the prerequisites for ultrasonic welding is also carried out under vacuum and pro- defectoscopy, which is carried out without problems, which is conducted in such a way that the welded half-sections are another advantage. of the standard rail 2, C were welded simultaneously in the second embodiment described in B, with their zone of the sole and head as a result of the applied in the zone of the head and sole of the welded semi-sowing of two electron beams. of the standard rail 2, with spacers provided

This does not exclude the possibility that process 12, technologically determined processes undergo welding can be carried out in two stages, welding in the same way. This applies both to first preparing half-sections of the standard rail 2, from them to installation and positioning of welded areas of the sole, and then in the area of the head. half-sections of standard rail 2, 3, as well as interruptions

The direction of the electron beam during welded heating and subsequent welding processes can be both horizontal and vertical in a vacuum.

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Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

State Department of Intellectual Property, str. Urytskogo, 45, Kyiv, MSP, 03680, Ukraine

SE "Ukrainian Institute of Industrial Property", str. Glazunova, 1, Kyiv - 42, 01601