UA77139C2 - Method for use of secondary power sources is high-rise buildings and complex for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for use of secondary power sources in high-rise buildings includes utilization of wind energy by windmill with generator on the roof of the house and utilization of energy of ventilation flows in ventilation collectors by electric motor-generator with working wheel as hub with rotary radial blades fixed on it. In the canalization collector energy of canalization sewages is utilized by means of blade propeller with generator. At that in ventilation collector rate of ventilation flow is controlled by the blades of working wheel, those are installed with possibility of autonomous increase of the angle of deflection with respect to direction of ventilation flow with increase of its rate pressure. A complex for use of secondary power sources in many-storied buildings has a motor-generator of ventilation collector and a windmill with generator, a motor-generator of canalization collector. The motor-generator of ventilation collector and connected or disconnected, together of in different combinations motor-generator of canalization collector and generator of windmill are connected to accumulator through first switchboard and respective electric power transformers, those are arranged with possibility of transformation of electric energy in direct and reverse directions. Through the second switchboard a matching unit is connected to the accumulator, this in switched-on position has at the output showings for voltage and frequency corresponding to the showings of the external electric circuit, at the same time it is connected to accumulator and electric circuit of the building and is disconnected, with respective disconnection of the external electric circuit from electric circuit of the building or with connection to it.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention belongs to the field of the use of secondary energy sources generated as a result of the functioning of residential, industrial or other buildings. The technical basis of the invention is the production of electricity from the use of pressure and temperature differences, gravity, which act naturally inside and outside buildings. The effective use of secondary energy sources is expedient against the background of the relentless growth of the cost of energy sources and the negative impact on the environment of the processes of energy extraction, energy production and consumption. 70 In buildings with natural (not forced) ventilation, which have a system of built-in or external channels, the secondary source of energy is ventilation flows. Depending on natural factors (wind, temperature difference), the strength of ventilation flows and their energy fluctuate within wide limits. Therefore, the power of natural ventilation changes from practically zero to the occurrence of drafts, which creates certain inconveniences for people in buildings. It is clear that it is advisable to use the free energy of the ventilation flow efficiently, and it is desirable to regulate the ventilation power. With the increase in the number of floors of buildings, the energy of ventilation flows increases significantly.

It is expedient to use other secondary sources of energy that are related to the existence and functioning of buildings, namely: winds flowing around the building and sewage flows. The resources of these energy sources also increase with the height of buildings.

It is known to use one source of energy for the utilization of energy from the ventilation flow using an impeller with radial blades together with a generator installed in the ventilation channel of the building (Japanese patent application Mo 2002276532, IPC RHO303/04). The main disadvantages of this device are the significant aerodynamic resistance to the air flow, the inability to regulate the flow rate and the inability to create forced ventilation in conditions of small pressure and temperature differences in the environment surrounding the building, in conditions with comfort. A separate device must be provided for this. Go)

A known device (German patent Mo19506946, MIZH NO2K17/00) of a combined axial fan and generator, which is located in the ventilation pipe on the windward or leeward sides of the so-called hay floor of the building. It is used both for forced ventilation of the hay floor in the absence of wind, and for the production of electrical energy during moderate or strong wind. An asynchronous short-circuit electric motor with independent excitation is used as a motor-generator. In order to create optimal conditions for the utilization of energy from the ventilation flow passing through the ventilation pipe, the blades of the fan impeller are rotatable, and the angle of deflection of the blades is changed using a control system taking into account their aerodynamic properties. This device is the closest analogue of the proposed invention. 3о Disadvantages of this device are the impossibility of using the potential energy of sewage effluents and the absence of autonomous regulation of the ventilation power in accordance with the change in the ventilation flow rate.

The task of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the use of secondary energy sources in multi-story buildings due to an increase in the number of sources - energy utilization of sewage effluents, and improvement of the design of known devices for energy utilization of ventilation flows. This allows you to increase the amount of electricity received and provide autonomous (without a control system) regulation

From" the intensity of the ventilation flow in conditions ranging from comfort to the maximum possible winds in a specific area and thus contribute to the comfort of the premises of the building. The utilized energy of ventilation and air flows and sewer drains must be converted into electrical energy, accumulated and further used to power 42 motor-generators of forced ventilation (in quiet conditions), as an auxiliary energy source during and off-duty situations in the building, for other purposes. -And for optimal energy utilization of ventilation flows, according to the invention, a motor-generator with a driver in the form of an impeller with rotating blades and a hub is installed in the ventilation manifold, on which a high-speed pressure due to the speed of the ventilation flow acts. Each blade of the so 20 impeller is mounted on a radial axis and can flexibly rotate around it. For this, an elastic element is installed between the blade and the hub of the impeller, which acts on the blade in the direction of decreasing the deviation angle with respect to the flow. The minimum and maximum deflection angles of the blades are limited by stops.

To ensure an autonomous increase in resistance to the ventilation flow with an increase in its high-speed pressure, the blades of the impeller are made in such a way that they increase the angle of deviation relative to the ventilation flow 52 under the action and accordingly the force of its high-speed pressure. This ability of the blades of the impeller can be ensured

GF) is one of two options for a technical solution. The first option consists in the fact that the axis of rotation of each blade is located in such a way that the center of aerodynamic pressure on it is in front of the axis of rotation of the blade in the direction of its movement. Another technical solution is possible, if at least two (to avoid imbalance of the impeller) movably fixed inertial masses are provided on the hub of the impeller, the centrifugal force of which increases with a 60 increase in the rotation speed of the impeller under the influence of the high-speed pressure of the ventilation flow. This force is transmitted to the blades through the transmission links and acts in the direction of increasing their deflection angle.

Utilization of the energy of sewage flows is carried out with the help of a generator or a motor-generator with a blade drive, which works according to the principle of a water wheel.

Utilization of the energy of the air flows formed around the building under the influence of pressure drops 62 is carried out by a generator, which is driven by a wind engine installed on the roof of the building.

The energy generated by the motor-generator of the ventilation collector, the motor-generator or generator of the sewer collector and the generator of the wind engine is converted in the corresponding electricity converters and stored in the battery. Converters of electricity from ventilation and sewage collectors are capable of two-way conversion of electricity, which provides not only battery charging, but also, if necessary, power for motor generators. The converter of electricity from the generator of the wind engine carries out one-way conversion of electricity, which ensures only the charging of the battery from it. The direction of connecting the converters and their disconnection is controlled by the first switch. The battery can be connected to the energy consumers of the building through the matching device and 70 second switch. The second switch ensures the disconnection of the external network from the energy consumers of the building at the time when they are connected to the battery through the matching device, and vice versa.

The complex of devices is presented in detail in the figures:

Fig. 1 - a general view of a complex of building devices for energy utilization;

Fig. 2 - a device for utilization of the energy of the ventilation flow;

Fig. 3 - fan impeller;

Fig. 4 - view A in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 - a device for energy utilization of sewage effluents;

Fig. 6 is a block diagram of the use of electricity obtained from secondary energy sources of the building.

In the ventilation manifold 2 (Fig. 1) of building 1, a motor-generator 5 is installed, the driver of which consists of blades 6 and a hub 7 (Fig. 2). The blade of the impeller is installed on the radial axis 8 and is able to elastically rotate relative to it (Fig. 3, 4). The velocity pressure of the ventilation flow is determined by the flow rate Mpot (Fig. 4). Mpr - the moment of elastic forces, directed in the direction of decreasing the angle of deviation of the blade from the direction of Mpot.

The elastic element between the blade 6 and the hub of the impeller 7 acts on the blade in the direction of decreasing the deviation angle relative to the flow and is conventionally not shown. It is possible to have one elastic element that simultaneously acts on all blades using a synchronization mechanism. A variant of the elastic element in the form of torsion along the axis of rotation of the blade is also possible. Blades can be with geometric or aerodynamic twist, which contributes to i) increase in efficiency. The minimum and maximum deflection angles of the blades are limited by the corresponding stops (not shown).

MUlop - blade rotation speed. Each blade has a TAZ 9 (Fig. 3), located in front of the radial axis 8 Ge!

From turning the blade in the direction of its movement. At least two inertial masses 10 are movably fixed on the hub symmetrically to the axis of rotation of the impeller, which provides balancing of the mechanism as a whole. The force from them and is transmitted to the blade through transmission links (for example, through the lever and thrust) and creates a moment Mvs, which acts "- in the direction of increasing their deflection angles relative to Mpot (and angles of attack o). The deflection of all blades can also be synchronized, for example, by a synchronizer in the form of a ring, which is hingedly connected to the front or rear - Edge of the blades near the hub and ensures their simultaneous movement. uh-

The generator or motor-generator 11 in the sewer collector 3 is intended for energy utilization of sewage effluents (Fig. 5). The generator 12 on the roof 4 (Fig. 1) is designed to utilize the energy of the flows formed around the building under the influence of the pressure drop.

The structure of the electrical scheme for the use of electricity obtained from secondary energy sources of the building "X (Fig.b) includes: motor-generator 5 of the ventilation collector, motor-generator or generator 11 of the sewage collector, generator 12 of the wind engine, electric energy accumulator 13, converters 14, and 15, 16. The direction of connecting the converters and their disconnection is provided by the first switch 17. The battery 13 "" can be connected to the energy consumers of the building 1 through the matching device 18 and the second switch 19.

The second switch 19 ensures disconnection of the external network 20 from the energy consumers of building 1 at the time

When they are connected to the battery 13 through the matching device 18, and vice versa. -i The operation of the devices of the complex is presented one by one, and then together.

The device for utilization of the energy of ventilation flows and for regulating the power of ventilation of premises

It works as follows. During the interaction of natural external factors and the building in the ventilation collector 2 - a pressure drop occurs between the lower and upper parts, which excites the ventilation flow. The weak flow of 5p spabo acts on the spring-loaded blades of the impeller. They rotate slowly or stand still, the elastic force o presses the blades against a stop (not shown), which limits the minimum deflection angle. Impeller blades

Ge) exert minimal aerodynamic resistance to the ventilation flow passing through it, and the ventilation power is almost no different from natural ventilation. A greater pressure drop excites a stronger ventilation flow. Under the influence of this flow, the blades 6 of the impeller rotate the shaft of the motor-generator 5. An increase in the high-speed pressure of the ventilation flow leads to the deflection of the blades of the impeller in the direction of an increase in the angle of deviation (and an increase in the angle of attack of the axes) and more energetically than with a constant angle of deviation of the blades, and ) spinning of the impeller. This leads, on the one hand, to an increase in the aerodynamic resistance of the working wheel, resulting in effective braking of the ventilation flow. On the other hand, the speed of the impeller increases, which increases the power of generated electricity. In order for the motor-generator housing 5 not to create a local narrowing of the ventilation flow, a local expansion of the ventilation collector 2 (dashed line in Fig. 2) is possible at the place of its installation.

Autonomous deflection of the blades of the impeller in accordance with changes in the speed of the ventilation flow is carried out using one of two mechanisms for turning the blades. At the maximum possible ventilation flow, the aerodynamic moment Mad of rotation around the radial axis acting on the blade 6 65 is determined experimentally or by calculation, which is caused by the uniform aerodynamic force applied to the TAC and the shoulder of this force relative to the radial axis 8 of the blade rotation. At the same time, Mad should be equal to the moment Mpr of the elastic deflection of the blade at the maximum (up to the stop) angle of deflection (Fig. 4).

For the blade rotation mechanism by the eccentric force (Figs 3 and 4), also at the maximum possible ventilation flow, the turning moment Mvs acting on the blade b is determined, which is caused by the eccentric force on the inertial masses 10 and should be equal to the moment of elastic deflection Mpr of the blade at the maximum deflection angle . A stop (not shown) limits the angle of maximum deflection of the blade.

In the state of maximum deviation, the blades of the impeller exert the maximum possible resistance to the maximum possible ventilation flow, which contributes to its effective braking and, accordingly, to the elimination of 7/0 discomfort from drafts in the premises. The power of generated electricity is also maximum.

When the high-speed pressure of the ventilation flow decreases, the moment acting in the direction of increasing the deflection angle of the impeller blades decreases, and they decrease the deflection angle under the action of the elastic element. This leads to a decrease in the aerodynamic resistance of the impeller. In this way, an autonomous (without a control system) influence of the impeller blades on the efficiency of ventilation in the mode of braking /5 flow and generation of electricity, which can then be accumulated in the battery, is ensured.

It should be noted that the aerodynamic and vane deflection mechanisms of the blades in Fig. 3 and 4 are conventionally shown together, but it is clear that each of them alone is capable of ensuring the achievement of a technical result. It is desirable that in a mechanism with inertial masses, the TAC should be on the radial axis of 8 turns of the blade (but not necessarily).

In conditions of comfort, the absence or insufficient power of ventilation also causes a feeling of discomfort in the premises. In this case, the device provides forced ventilation of the building with the help of impeller blades by supplying the accumulated electricity from the battery 13 through the switch 17 and the converter 14 to the motor-generator 5, which in this case works as an electric fan motor.

In the sewage collector, the potential energy of the sewage is transformed into kinetic energy. The latter acts on the blade of the working wheel of the motor-generator 12 (Fig. 5) and activates it. It generates electricity, which can then be stored in the battery. In order for the motor-generator not to narrow the passage section of the collector, it i) should be installed in the appropriate niche (Fig. 5). An additional advantage of this device is the ability to create excess pressure in the direction of the flow of drains, if electricity is supplied to the motor-generator and it will perform forced rotation of the impeller. б зо Electricity generation by generator 12 of the wind engine is carried out according to known rules.

Accumulation and use of generated electricity is carried out as follows (Fig. b). at

Variable in amplitude (from direct current generators) or in amplitude and frequency (from -/- alternating current generators) electrical energy from motor-generator 5, as well as from motor-generator 11 and generator 12 together or in various combinations is transformed into the corresponding converters 14, 15, 16 into a current with a constant voltage, the value of which corresponds to the optimal voltage range for charging the battery 13 (for example, 55-60 volts). As converters, it is possible to use such well-known devices as an autotransformer with a rectifier, an umformer, electronic converters, etc. At the same time, converters 14 and 15 are designed with the ability to convert electricity both in the direct (from the generators to the battery) and in the reverse direction. The converter 16 of electricity from the generator 12 of the wind engine works only in the forward direction (arrows on blocks 14, 15 and 16 in Fig.b). Separate switching of the converters 14 and 15 from direct to reverse mode of operation or their shutdown is carried out manually or automatically by the first switch 17, depending on the weather conditions and the operating mode of the sewage system. Turning on or off the converter 16 is also carried out;" the first switch 17.

The constant voltage electricity accumulated in the battery 13 can be used for the internal needs of the building, for which the matching device 18 is connected to the battery 13 through the second switch 19. At the -I output of the device 18 in the switched-on state, the voltage and frequency parameters correspond to the parameters of the external power grid. In this way, the voltage indicators at the output of the matching device 18 are matched

Sh- indicators of electricity consumers in the building. Connection or disconnection of the matching device 18 to the battery 14 and to the electrical network of the building is carried out simultaneously with the help of the second switch 19, and at the same time, respectively, disconnection or connection to the electrical network of the external electrical network 20 is carried out.

He Accumulated electricity can serve as a reserve in case of an accident, periodically be used for the needs of the building in order to save electricity, be used as an autonomous power source for low-power consumers, in particular, an impeller with a motor-generator 5 for forced ventilation of the building during a lull, in an impeller with a motor-generator generator 11 for forced pumping of sewage, as well as for alarm systems, emergency lighting, building security, etc.

Ф) Therefore, the complex of devices proposed to increase the efficiency of the use of secondary energy sources ensures: - the accumulation and use of a larger amount of electricity due to the utilization of energy in sewage drains and the improvement of the design of the impeller of the device in the ventilation shaft; - a more diverse use of utilized energy due to the achievement of the possibility of autonomous and forced regulation of the ventilation power of premises, as well as, if necessary, forced acceleration of sewage flows. for

Claims (5)

The formula of the invention 1. The method of using secondary energy sources in high-rise buildings, in which the energy of the wind is utilized by a wind engine with a generator on the roof of the building and the energy of the ventilation flows in the ventilation manifold is utilized by an electric motor-generator with an impeller in the form of a hub with rotating radial blades fixed on it, which differs due to the fact that in the sewage collector, the energy of sewage effluents is utilized by a vane engine with a generator, while in the ventilation collector, the speed of the ventilation flow is regulated by the blades of the impeller, which are installed with the possibility of autonomously increasing the angle of deviation in relation to the direction of the ventilation flow with the increase of its high-speed head, 70 the generated electricity is converted , accumulate and spend for the needs of the building if necessary. 2. A complex for the use of secondary energy sources in high-rise buildings, containing a motor-generator of a ventilation collector and a wind engine with a generator, which is distinguished by the fact that it additionally contains a motor-generator of a sewage collector, while the motor-generator of a ventilation collector is connected or disconnected together or in various combinations, the motor-generator of the sewage collector and the wind engine generator 75 are connected to the battery through the first commutator and the corresponding electricity converters, which are made with the possibility of converting electricity in forward and reverse directions, except for the converter for the wind engine generator. Through the second commutator, the matching device is connected to the battery , which in the switched-on state at the output has voltage and frequency indicators that correspond to the indicators of the external electrical network, and which is simultaneously connected to the battery and the building's electrical network or disconnected with the corresponding simultaneous disconnection of the external electrical network from the building's electrical network or by connecting to it. C. The complex according to claim 2, which differs in that the rotating blades of the impeller of the motor-generator of the ventilation collector are elastically installed on the radial axes, while the elastic force is directed towards the minimum angle of deviation of the blades relative to the ventilation flow, and the angles of minimum and maximum rotation of the blades limited by stops. (5) 4. The complex according to claim 3, which differs in that at least two inertial masses are movably and symmetrically installed on the hub of the impeller with the possibility of converting their movement under the action of centrifugal forces into rotation of the blades around the radial axes in the direction of increasing the angle of deviation. 5. The complex according to claim 3, which differs in that the center of aerodynamic pressure of the blade is in front (o) of the radial axis of rotation of the blade in the direction of its movement. with "- in and - - and? -i -i - (95) 3e) ime) 60 b5