UA77040C2 - Growth composition for plants and method for plant harvest increase - Google Patents

Abstract

A bio-degradable plant growth composition consisting of coal in the form of particles, sodium molybdate, linear alcohol alkoxylate, magnesium sulphate, sand and water.

Description

Description of the invention

The present invention relates to biodegradable organic growth compositions based on coal particles 2.

Compositions that improve plant growth according to the invention represent an improvement of the composition described in US Patent No. 4,41,857, the contents of which are incorporated into this application by reference.

US Patent No. 4,541,857 describes a plant fertilizer composition that includes a mixture of carbon particles containing plant nutrients, sodium molybdate that serves to release the plant nutrients in a form that can be used by the plant, and one or more adjuvant agents, selected from ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, copper sulfate, sulfur, hydrated sodium borate, limestone, and cobalt carbonate. The coal particles have a maximum size of about 1000 mesh and comprise from about 50 to 7095 of the total weight of the composition, with the auxiliary agent(s) making up the remainder of the composition.

As noted, the present invention provides certain improvements to the compositions described in US Pat

Mo4,541,857. These improvements retain the beneficial properties of the composition described in the earlier patent and also lead to further advantages as described in more detail hereinbelow, including, for example, increased plant growth and yield and enhanced applicability of the composition.

An important modification of the compositions according to US Patent 4,541,857, which provides this invention, is a linear alcohol alkoxylate, for example, an ether of poly(ethylene oxide) with a C 42-C 415 linear primary alcohol.

Other essential features of this composition include the use of a significant amount of sand and a small amount of water. Other features will also be clear from the more detailed description of the invention below.

The growth composition for plants consists essentially of the following components: c 29 (1) 40-8Owag.9o, preferably 70-8Owag.9o coal in the form of particles; Ge) (2) from 0.01 to 90% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 1% by weight of sodium molybdate; (3) from 0.2 to 2 kg.9 o of water; (4) from 0.1 to 95 wt. of linear alcohol-alkoxylate; (5) from 0.001 to 4 wt.9o of magnesium sulfate; with a (6) residue typically present in an amount of from about 20 to 6095 of the total weight of the composition and "I is sand.

The composition thus, in its preferred embodiment, consists essentially of coal and sand, despite the fact that molybdate, alcohol oxylate, magnesium sulfate and water within the specified limits are also essential to the success of the invention. 3o Among the specified components, coal in the form of particles is preferred, as described in an earlier patent in

US Mo4,541,857, which is mentioned in this application. Thus, particulate coal may be of any type, such as anthracite, bituminous, pseudo-bituminous, or lignite, and may vary in quality, all of these types of coal typically containing from about 0.5 to 3.0 percent nitrogen. Other plant nutrients according to the present invention include iron, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur or sulfates, calcium, chloride, and at least trace amounts of manganese, copper, boron, cobalt, aluminum, and selenium. It has been found that a high sulfur content in coal is particularly desirable.

Coal is predominantly composed of particles having a size of 100 mesh or less, that is, particles of such a size that they pass through a 100 mesh TuIeg Zsgeep sieve. Larger and smaller sizes can be effectively used in ranges, for example, from -5 ohms to about -30 ohms. Particles larger than 10Omesh, however, tend to release plant nutrients more slowly. Thus, it is desirable to use coal particles with a size of 1000 mesh or less for the composition, that is, particles that can pass through a TuIeg 5sgeep sieve with a pore size of 1000 mesh.

Although any type of coal may be used, one having a high sulfur content is preferred, the coal composition, in particular, exemplified in US Pat. No. 4,541,857, may be cited as typical for use in this application. Such coal on a dry basis has the following initial composition of components: (42)

Carbon: 73.1996

Hydrogen: /5.0595 oo Nitrogen: 1.3290

GF) Chlorine: 4.509

Sulfur 45095 o Slag: 6.0095

Oxygen: 9.8790 60

This composition can also be determined based on calcination analysis of inorganic substances as follows:

Phosphorus pentoxide: 0.2695 6E Silicon: 32.9590

Iron oxide: 33.0995 -D-

Aluminum: 22.1390

Titanium: Oh, 6896

Limestone: 2.6690

Manganese: 0.5290

Sulfur trioxide: 32496

Potassium oxide: 1.4396

Sodium oxide: 0.5196

Other: 2.5390

As explained in U.S. Patent No. 4,541,857, sodium molybdate functions to break down coal particles and release plant nutrients from the particles in a way that allows plants to efficiently and desirably utilize these nutrients. Although the amount of molybdate may vary and may in some cases exceed the limits previously indicated, depending on the nature and size of the coal particles, the best results can be obtained when the molybdate content is in the range of 0.5 to 195 of the total weight of the composition. An amount greater than that indicated may be used as desired, although it is assumed that effective decomposition of the coal is achieved when molybdate is used in the amount indicated.

Linear alcohol oxylate is preferably a primary C412-C45 alcohol, for example, dodecyl 20 alcohol or its mixture with another C.42-C5 alcohol, which is ethoxylated, i.e. an ether of polyethylene oxide of a primary linear alcohol, preferably a primary alcohol containing 12-15 carbon atoms . The preferred linear alcohol oxylate for use in this application is commercially available as "Vavis H" surfactant. This material or its equivalent may be used for these purposes.

As noted, the composition may also contain a small amount of water, usually no more than about 2 wt. At the same time, it is clear that this small amount of water improves the effect of the alkoxylate, and also, as it is assumed, will activate the elements that stimulate plant growth, which are contained in the coal component. and)

Any source of sand can be used. The amount of sand used can be varied, depending, at least to some extent, on the nature and composition of the coal component and the amount of other materials present. However, in general, the amount of sand in the composition will be within the limits that were mentioned earlier, that is, it will be 20-6bOvag.9o.

The optimal result is achieved when using sand that includes small amounts, for example, from 0.001 to 0.01 by weight of magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate, and sulfates of other similar microelements. at

In addition to magnesium sulfate, which can be included in the sand, it is useful to add magnesium sulfate in an amount from 0.001 to 495 of the total weight of the composition. in.

The composition can be prepared in any traditional way. Preferably, however, the coal and sand are evenly mixed together, after which the sodium molybdate, carboxylate, and magnesium sulfate in water are sprayed over the coal/sand mixture, with further mixing to achieve uniformity. The product is then dried, after which it can be bagged for further use or can be used for direct application to the soil at the point of use. "

Alternatively, a mixture of coal and sand can be mixed at the point of use, for example around the trunk of a fruit tree, after which an aqueous mixture of molybdate and alkoxylate is sprayed over the coal/sand mixture. Magnesium sulfate may be incorporated into an aqueous solution of the alkoxylate and molybdate intended for spraying, or it may be incorporated into a mixture of coal and sand.

In a typical preparation method, 1 to 4 ounces of sodium molybdate and up to 1 gallon of alkoxylate, with or without magnesium sulfate, are mixed with 50 gallons, more or less, of water to form a spray mixture. -I This mixture is then sprayed over a dry mixture of coal particles, sand and magnesium sulfate. Preferably, a mixture of molybdate and alkoxylate in water is sprayed over a dry mixture of coal, sand, and magnesium sulfate after

The dry mixture is applied to the field or applied to the soil where the plant is growing, but, as mentioned earlier, the complete composition of the composition, including molybdate and oxylate, can be prepared before application to the field or soil. Regardless of whether the mixture is pre-prepared or prepared in-house, it is clear that the spraying of molybdate and aluoxylate enhances the activation of nutrients and growth elements in the coal.

The composition of the invention is suitable for use in most, if not all, pounding conditions. An important advantage of the invention, as shown below, is that the composition appears to be capable of converting soil that is unsatisfactory for agricultural purposes into a pound that is extremely useful. With intensive research, the product makes it possible to achieve a corresponding yield of products (F. 50-10095 per hectare, as determined by comparison with traditionally available M-R-K fertilizers that are usually used.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples: 60 Example 1 70 pounds of high sulfur coal was ground to 1000 mesh and mixed with 25 pounds of sand and 4 pounds of magnesium sulfate. The resulting mixture was then placed around the trunk of peach trees grown on no-till gray soils in western Pennsylvania in the spring. Gray soils and climate in Western

Pennsylvania is not at all favorable for peach growing. The trees produced a small fruit yield of 65 for 8 years.

After the dry mixture was sprayed around the trees (without plowing), the mixture was sprayed with a liquid composition,

containing 50 gallons of water, 1 gallon of H-type base (C42-Ci5 polyethylene oxide ether of primary alcohols), and 4 ounces of sodium molybdate. No pesticides, herbicides, insecticides or fungicides were used.

The resulting peaches had no damage, had a rich color and excellent taste. The harvest during the growth period (about 4 months) was so large that it was necessary to use wooden supports to support the branches of the tree, which bent under the weight of the fruit crop.

Example 2

Example 1 was repeated except that in this case the composition was used for old apple trees

30 years that passed the seedling stage and growing in gray soil in Pennsylvania. Despite the fact that in 7/0 the apple trees had previously borne fruit in this case, the harvest was poor. Approximately 100 pounds of the composition was distributed around the trunk of the tree, after which the liquid mixture mentioned in Example 1 was sprayed.

The composition was applied around the trees in April. The trees bloomed in May and bore fruit in late summer. The obtained harvest of apples increased significantly compared to the following years. The quality of the apples was also surprisingly good.

Example C

Improvements in yield, quality, and size were also obtained when the experiment described in

Example 2, with cabbage grown on the same gray soils in Pennsylvania The expected normal diameter of the cabbage was about 6 inches. However, when the composition was applied to the soil in the spring, immediately after planting, cabbages measuring inches in diameter were harvested in mid-summer.

Cabbage was essentially unaffected by pests, despite the fact that no pesticides were used. The specified 20 results were obtained despite the fact that weeds were not specifically destroyed and they accordingly competed with cabbage for soil nutrients.

It should be noted that during the analyzes related to the above Examples, earthworms accumulated in the places of crop cultivation and remained in the soil, while their vital activity enriched the soil with nutrients. with

Example 4.

The growth composition of Example 1 was compared with commercially available M-R-K fertilizers in a study on i) a 24-acre plot. The field was unusable for 40-50 years. The field was located in the mountains and had a layer of soil 71 inches thick, while the clay rock was not considered, the field was the worst type of field to study. It was decided that 4,000 pounds of limestone, 120 pounds of nitrogen, and 180 pounds of phosphorus would be used on each acre to effectively grow grain at this location. However, it was decided to use only about 200 pounds of composition per acre in this invention without limestone. at

Photographs were periodically taken. The field where M-R-K was applied, which included four-acre plots, was not as productive as expected. On four acres, the beginnings of insignificant sizes with - with 5 underdeveloped crushed grains were observed only sporadically. This was typical of previous results.

An adjacent portion of the experimental field, which was separated from the M-R-K corn plot by only 12 yards and consisted of 20 acres, was treated in accordance with Example 1. All 20 acres produced healthy corn plants, some of which reached 104 inches in height . Yields were successful, averaging 100 bushels of fully formed young grain for each of the 20 test acres, while previously with lime and M-R-K fertilizer the total yield was 50 bushels of corn for all 24 acres of the field. . IN

No pesticides and herbicides were used in the experiments, no grain damage was observed during storage, and no color change occurred; corn kernels were found to form regular rows. Also, in addition to the significant increase in yield per acre, significantly less growth composition according to the invention was used on the 20-acre plot than on the 4-acre failed field where -I application of M-R-K was carried out.

The results of Example 4 show that the growth composition of the invention can be used to produce corn on unused or agricultural land otherwise considered too poor for use. Such obtaining of products can be very valuable, for example, when obtaining 5p of ethanol. It should be noted that the amount of the composition according to the present invention used for the soil can vary widely. It has been found that the application of 200 functions of the composition, for example, the composition according to Example 1 per acre, of course, is effective in obtaining the desired results. An amount greater or less than the specified value can be used, the optimal amount for each specific situation is easily determined by varying the application and observing the results of the experiment. Use rates of about 100 to 300 pounds, or more, per acre in general

F) is sufficient to produce results, with about 200 pounds per acre being desirable. Although the invention has been demonstrated in the previous examples to improve the yield of fruits (apples and peaches), grains and cabbage, the invention is not limited to such fruits or vegetables. Similar and improved results were obtained, for example, with tomatoes, hay, alfalfa, etc. In another application of the invention, the composition was used to effectively grow grass cover on bare land near coal mines. In this specific situation, it was previously impossible to provide land coverage as required by state and federal agencies. The composition according to the invention can be sprayed as a water dust (water seeder) with grass seeds on the ground, while after about two weeks a full 65 ground cover was obtained.

Analysis of the composition according to the invention, as used in the previously described examples, in percentage of dry matter, volatile solid matter, total carbon (total C), total nitrogen (total M), organic nitrogen (org. M), ammonium nitrogen (МНА-М ), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Ma), calcium (Ca), sodium (Ma), cadmium (Ca), chromium (Sg), copper (Si), lead (RB), nickel (Mi ), zinc (7p) and boron (B) are given in the following results:

Main components (all values are given in mass percentage "1 standard deviation)

Solids 95.9-0.14

Volatile substances 35.8-4.7

General C 221-111

General M 4.98-0.16

Organic M 3.17-0.35

MNA-M 1.8250.50

R 2.1-40.33

Kk 5.6-0.69

Ma 2,101

Ca 6.6-0.35

Ma 0.29-40.02

Re 0.63-0.02

AND! 21016

MP 0.31-0.02

Trace elements (all values are given in mg/kg or parts per million "with standard deviation) Density 046-002 o

SG 49.85-4.59

Si 9.35-40.35

РБ 42.1542.05 | "in)

Mi 01,B340y4 « 7p 33.54219 in 184413 o cha

Mo content was not determined in the analysis.

Based on the above analysis, the composition can be considered as a 5-5-7 (M-P-K) composition, where M is represented as 90M, P is represented as 90P 2O5, and K is represented as 90K2O, which is typical for determining fertilizers . The exact composition of the composition is 5-4.8-6.8. Thus, 10 tons of dry material will provide 100 pounds of total M, and 2.4 tons of dry material will provide 100 pounds of P. None of the trace elements are present in concentrations that would not cause any problems when applied to soil as fertilizer.

Although the concentrations of Cg, Pb, and 7p are greater than 10 parts per million, these values are not higher than those measured in uncontaminated (clean) soils, since these elements are also present in rock materials. . A high concentration of organic C and M indicates that adding the material to the soil will increase the organic matter content of the soil, leading to an overall improvement in soil quality that exceeds the equivalent amount of the nutrients added alone.

As follows from the above, the composition according to the invention provides a number of important advantages. First, the composition, in addition to improving grain yield and plant functioning in conditions worse than optimal, has a direct effect on enriching the soil without depleting it. As is well known, the use of M-R-K fertilizer has the opposite effect. Soils around the world are severely depleted of nutrients and polluted by the use of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides over centuries of use, 20 of them but especially over the last 50 years. Excess, repeated and increasing amounts of M-P-K (nitrogen, phosphate and potash) or artificial fertilizers are necessary to obtain a crop on depleted soils, despite all this and the constantly increasing costs, the quality of crops such as corn, tomatoes is reduced , watermelon or other vegetables and fruits. Analyzes according to the invention show that a smaller amount of growth composition per acre is needed compared to artificial commercial fertilizer mixtures (M-R-K). In addition, this composition is designed to 22 minimize the need for pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and fungicides. It was fair for everyone

GF) crops that have been tested, from cereals to cabbage, tomatoes, melons, pears, apples, legumes and other vegetables.

In all verified data, there was no need to use pesticides or herbicides on the studied crops. No adverse side effects were observed, on the other hand, at the final addition of nutrients to the soil, a further increase in crop yields was observed. 60 In addition to reducing costs while improving growth outcomes, the composition of the invention also provides a number of advantages. For example, the invention can be used to improve previously unused soils, such as open pit coal mines and deep coal mines. As a test, the composition of the invention, as described in Examples 1-4, was used on the surface of "hot" or acidic soils that appeared as a result of coal mining operations in Pennsylvania. Previous attempts to create an earth cover, as required by government services, were unsuccessful. However, an effective ground cover was obtained in the area approximately 10 days after the application of the composition according to the present invention.

As can be understood from the above, this composition includes the following: it allows you to avoid the use of expensive M-P-K fertilizers or equivalent, as well as the disadvantages of such fertilizers. It eliminates or significantly

Reduces the need for pesticides, herbicides and fungicides and shows a clear tendency to repel such pests naturally. It turns out that the composition is able to improve the uniformity of water penetration into the soil, which makes the released nutrients more available to the plant for a shorter period of time compared to traditional fertilizers. In addition, it does not have a negative effect on the pH of the soil, leads to the appearance of greener plant leaves, improves seed germination, increases the yield of 7/0 plants, promotes the appearance of earthworms, which contribute to the enrichment of the soil with nutrients, promotes the appearance of larger, taller and dense plants, crops and sprouts; promotes more efficient water use as the formulation leaves water in the soil, thus reducing soil erosion, water evaporation and water cycling, while separately promoting runoff in areas of soil with excessive water accumulation and improving soil water retention during dry weather, but also helps water leaching in lb. in /5 hot or dry weather.

Various modifications of the invention may be made as described above and as defined in the claims that follow in this application.

Claims (3)

The formula of the invention 1. A growth composition for plants that is biodegradable and contains coal in the form of particles, sodium molybdate, linear alcohol oxylate, magnesium sulfate, sand and water. 2. The growth composition according to point 1, which contains 40-80 wt.bo of coal in the form of particles with a size of 100 mesh or less, 0.01-1 wt.95 of sodium molybdate, 0.2-2 wt.bo of water, 0, 1-1 wt.9o of linear alcohol alkoxylate, 0.001-4 wt.9o of magnesium sulfate and the residue, which is approximately 20-60 wt.9o of sand. at 3. The method of increasing the yield of plants, which involves the application of the growth composition according to point 1 to the soil on which the plant is grown. official bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits", 2006, M 10, 15.10.2006. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine . o u and - - and? -i -i ("in) sh" (42) name) 60 b5