UA76980C2 - Grain harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention refers to a combine harvester with a rotor housing (22) which is positioned in a lengthwise direction and which comprises a separation rotor (24) inside of the rotor housing and sucking blower means (36) arranged at the discharge end of the rotor housing. To improve the separation performance of such an axial-flow combine type, it is suggested to arrange a collection chamber (58) in functional proximity towards a deflector plate (54), and transfer elements (62, 64) convey the separated fraction from the collection chamber into an initial portion of the rotor housing.

Description

of the separation process mentioned above is that because of cleaning, however, the problem is that since the particles of grain fractions that are subject to grains that have adhered to plant fractions or to particles of dirt, the impact on to straw, dirt and spikes, and to get rid of the grain from the cleaning devices may turn out to be the above-mentioned contaminating elements of the grain not strong enough to separate the grains from require a stronger action than those , which are known from the elements to be removed. If the frac- descriptions of cleaning methods depending on the existing tion of grains, mixed with other elements, such as the level of technology, from which it follows that until the latter, for example, as straw, ears of corn or chaff, the time-consuming technical task formulated above does not drink into the container for grain collection, efficiency has found an optimal solution. The advantage of data cleaning of the grain harvester in general, my technical solution is to place the second to be reduced. of the reflective plate in the second node of separation and u

So, the technical task solved by this finding of the return of the separated fraction is to improve the cleaning function of the assembly of the collected product to the screw housing of the first separation of this type of combine with an axial separation shaft. At the same time, the advantages described above of a unit equipped with an air suction unit are valid for a single-stage layout. are also valid for a two-stage com-

The set technical task can be the installation of separation nodes. A significant feature of this invention is that the chamber for collecting the product, located away from the from the deflector plate, and a transfer-through structure that directs the separated devices that move the separated nu fraction towards the transfer devices. For fractionation from the grain collection chamber to the initial one with the help of such an elementary "bucket", which opens the screw housing area. In a grain harvester, the fraction with a single-stage separation node without additional collected product, which was previously rejected by cleaning means such a return mechanism by the deflector plate, can be collected without guaranteeing the conditions under which especially the fraction of those any additional elements, resulting from the particles that came out of the propeller body through the res- in action. and, but which have not yet been completely threshed, is returned to the screw body for re-cycling. Another significant feature of this invention is that on the shaft of the separating screw there is a hammer and better cleaning of the portion of the product, a deflecting screw that pushes through the collected fractions. collected in a grain collection container. As a result, the level of grain loss is reduced in the jet of air flow. In the space between the nervous node of the suction blower. Behind the sieves and the device for grain collection, the grains, which are not lifted up by the air stream, can be lost, the collected grains return to the cycle, because their surface is relative to the hammer. the weight is too small to be carried away by the air. In addition, it is proposed to be placed behind the fire stream. Therefore, the clean grains fall down the deflector screw, which contains a locking plate along the grain collection device in the direction of the hole in its middle section. Such a locking auger device for grain collection and further from there the plate ensures the implementation of push-out into the container for grain collection. Those grains that stick to straw, chaff, dirt, or the elements, but at the same time allow the chaff to freely pass through the spikes, gain enough weight to exit through the central hole. the body of the screw through the holes in the sieves, however, their Additional advantages of this invention are revealed in the weight in relation to their surface appears in the more detailed description of the invention with references less than the weight of clean or cleaned grains, and in the drawings. In the attached drawings, as a result, they are carried away by the air flow in an upward direction. If these grains are not extracted from the jet, they are blown out of the harvester; combine and are lost. Fig. 2 shows a side view of a single node of additional separation, which in this case, equipped with a chamber for collecting the product, is solved with the help of a deflector plate, a duct and transmission devices, designed to be disclosed according to the state of the art to us to return a fraction of the collected product; given links. However, the use of a func- Fig. 3 shows a side view of a two-stage baffle plate to return the separated layout of the separation unit with a chamber for cast fraction back into the screw body is a cheap, product collection and transmission devices, but a very effective solution to the problem, as well as other improvements. improvement of the degree of purification of the grain fraction collected Grain harvester 2, shown in the container for grain collection, without additional fig. also without the risk of increasing losses. axis of rotation 12, rear wheel 14, cutting

In a grain harvester with a two-stage device 16 and a housing 18 of the loading device, the fraction of the device that directs the collected material from the collected product, separated by the first cutting device 16 into the loading plate, becomes the object of an additional cycle of the 20 housing 22 screws that are part of the separation assembly. Inside the housing 22 of the screw is placed in the direction of the unloading end section 28, a separate screw 24, which is driven into rotation, as a result of which the collected material is rotated by the drive elements 26, in this example, inside the housing 22 of the screw, passing through a larger mode of implementation by belt gears, due to the length of the path, which ensures the provision of bi- power of the engine 6. If you look along the axis, there are better opportunities for grain separation. rotation of the separating screw 24 from the loading- Due to the fact that the gravitational forces act on the larger opening 20 in the direction of unloading effectively on the heavier fractions of the collected material- the end section 28 of the housing 22 of the screw, the front rial, for example, on grains, the latter reveal the section of the separating screw 24 contains auger blades tending to pass more slowly through 30, which approximately determine the length of the breech- housing 22 of the screw, which brings an additional effect, of the chewing zone, where the collected material is loaded- increasing the degree of separation of the grain from is laid in the housing 22 of the screw. The middle and rear sections of some fractions of the collected material, for example, the salt-separating screw 24, are equipped with scrap or chaff plates 32. An additional advantage lies in the crushing blades, which approximately determine because the grain can be collected using the length of the separation zone along the length of the cor- conventional devices 38, formed in the form of a screw 22 screw. It should be noted that the chute is adapted, and directed towards the auger for grain collection by means for loading the collected material into the co- without any additional drive devices. rpus of the screw, threshing and separation of the collected In addition, for the use of the second separation material, there may be devices other than the screw 44 as a cleaning device for the fractionating blades and plates of the crushing blades, and the grain and chaff that came out of the body of the 22 gva - this is why they are mentioned in this description as examples of nt, it is advisable to use an inclined arrangement. Undoubtedly, the expert can also choose the casing 22 of the propeller, because the jet is other devices, the existence of which he is aware of, the air flow that moves along the outer and which serve to perform the given function. surface of the grid 34 in the direction of the node 36

The lower part of the body 22 of the screw contains the sieve of the tuval air blower, not able to quite easily 34, through which the grain and the chaff can come out from sucking the grains, lifting them up, through their body 22 of the screw. Node 36 of the suction circuit-weight. As a result, they have a tendency to fall on the suction jet of the air stream, on the device 38 for collecting grain, or in the second one, through the sieve in the separation zone of the housing 22, the exit for grain leading to the second separation screw, and from there - in the direction unloading screw 44. of zone 28 and from the screw body 22, and then from the grain. The deflector plate 54 deflects the jet of the harvester 2. thus, those fractions of the collected material, divided by the dividing screw 24. The body 22 of the screw, separated which are heavier, are deflected into the second node of the dividing screw 24 and the node of the suction blower. zom are the main form-forming components. In addition, the second separation screw 44 functions of the separation node. Grains that leave the screw body 22 connected to the suction unit through the holes of the grates 34, fall, the grain 74, which generates a jet of air, at least partially onto the device 38 for collecting current, comparable to the jet of air flow, grains, which directs the movement of grains under the action of the force generated by the air suction unit on the auger 40 for grain collection, while the auger 36 directs the collected grain to the grain conveyor. The body 18 of the loading device is a miser (not shown), which loads the grain into the capacity contains at least two rotating elements, and 42. The stream of air flow, which is generated by itself, one front rotating element 46 and one suction blower 36, moves the rear rotating element 4. The shape of the bottom part - through the intermediate space between the grates 34 and near- 50 of the housing 18 of the loading device with the arrangement 38 for grain collection. partially adapted to the periphery of rotating

The above description refers to the functional elements 46 and 48. In the area where the arrow 20 points to the single-stage separation unit, however, to the line that schematically indicates transversely beyond any doubt, the grain harvester houses the cylindrical body 18 of the loading bay next to each other, there can be installed a device that accommodates the rear rotating planed two separation nodes corresponding to item 48 in the area of its unloading terminal su, and instead of ordinary grates there can be sections, it can also be formed loaded- used one or more additional nodes chewing hole of the housing 22 screw. Transverse separation, the main functions of which are described above, is a cylindrical body 18 loading - for further cleaning of the separated grain, the shaft device with its periphery penetrates into the and additional nodes of separation should be the upper half of the longitudinally located, as they are located from below the first (main) nodes, as a rule, cylindrical body 22 screws. Separation energy. rotation of the separating screw 24,44 can transmit

The inclined position of the screw housing 22 and tilting to the elements located below the separation screw 24 schematically indicated by arrow 52. the screw housing 22 at an angle of more than 30 degrees. If the screw housing 22 is located in the grain of the horizontal plane, provides this harvester as described above, a technical solution with a number of advantages. First of all, there is an opportunity for the location of the engine 6, this location helps to reduce the speed also in the upper rear half zone of the grain collection - the movement of the collected material inside the body of the screw of the combine harvester 2 behind the rear end section

body ends 22 screws. Such an arrangement of fuses around the reflective plate 54 has a positive effect, because the power of the noise carried by the jet of air sweat does not need to be transmitted over long distances in the tank, and does not change the trajectories of movement and the direction of the separating screw quickly enough 24, which contributes to the fact that they are delayed in front of the deflector plate. reducing the cost and weight of the machine. High ri- While stationary outside the flood, the location of the engine also allows uni- flow, they are subjected to the action of only the force of pulling inconveniences associated with the suction of the gin and, therefore, show a tendency to fall by the cooling system of too much down vertically. As soon as these particles reach the blown straw, moving down, they hit the jet of air flow, the latter, beyond the devices of the suction blower and without any doubt, affects the trajectory of the blower of the second separation unit. The power of their movement, however, these particles, again, are picked up, necessary to activate the cutting jet of air flow, only a little of the device 16 and loading elements 46,48, are controlled, and at the same time, the direction of their movement is only located inside the housing 18 loaders - slightly changes. The path of their movement of the marked device or other working devices is indicated by the arrow of the CI. generators of hydraulic pressure or electric Other particles carried by the jet of energy can be transmitted by the shaft of the separated air flow, fall more intensively from the rear to the front section of the screw 24 or 44 due to the deflection of the jet of the air combine harvester 2. This allows the flow, while they succeed avoid collisions with the need to install additional deflector plate 54. However, the flow of the air-drive elements and keep the overall compactness of the flow is still not strong enough, the width of the grain harvester 2. to raise the trajectory to a higher level

The shaft of the power take-off device of separate gvin- the movement of these particles according to the type of up, then back in 24,44 can be equipped with gear wheels in the direction of the MU arrow. As a result, these particles themselves, which transfer the energy of rotation, hit the rear wall 56 of the chamber 58 for idle shafts, hydraulic pumps, product water and fall down to the bottom 60 of the chamber 58, electric generators, gears, etc. to collect the product. The term "in functional

In order to simplify the graphic materials, the possibility of proximity" in relation to indicating where the actuation of any other components the product collection chamber 58 is located, means that indicated by arrow 52. that the product collection chamber 58 should occupy-

In the triangle marked by the upper half of the location, in which at least the bottom of the screw housing 22, the rear wall of the cabin 4 and a fair number of rejected particles, namely those, the upper border of the grain harvester 2, which collided with the deflector plate 54, and those that, it is easy to place the container 42 for collecting grain. hitting the back wall 56, fell to the bottom 60

If the screw body contains only one chamber 58 for collecting the product. The most optimal partial screw (a possible arrangement with two positions is the smallest shift towards the back of the side-by-side side-by-side screws), while the rear wall 56 extends upwards, the grain container 42 can at least to the level the height of the location of the reflector extends down along the sides of the body 22 of the plate 54. Due to the slight inclination of the bottom of the screw, forming a similarity to the support structure 60 of the chamber 58 for collecting the product, the fraction of the tank is collected. falls under the influence of gravity in the direction of the transition

In order to provide enough space for the feeding device, consisting in this arrangement of the front end section of the housing 22, for example, the implementation of the auger 62, directing the screw as low as possible, the collected fraction in the lateral directions, and the conveyor 64, it is advisable to avoid having a rigid front axis or along which supplies the collected fraction back to the front transversely located beam of the frame of the machine in the area where it enters the body 22 through the area adjacent to the front wheel. For the flap 66. Instead of the conveyor shown in Fig. 2 driving the front wheels, a small hydraulic, as an example of the implementation of the invention, can be a winch or an electric motor can be placed, other components can be used, performing a similar arrangement with each wheel, resulting in one function, for example, hoses with which the engine will drive one wheel. the collected fraction can be blown out through the node by

With reference to Fig. 1, the blower belt was given. The general principle of operation of the harvester with an axial On Fig. 3 is presented a deflector plate 54, attached by a flow, equipped with a suction dust node to the second separation node with a separate blower. In the development of the basic concept, the screw 44, while the camera 58 for collecting the essential differences of this invention of the disclosure is again located in the functional is shown in more detail, referring to Fig.2. Due to the stiffness in relation to the deflector plate 54. On the shaft of the deflector plate 54, the jet path of the separating screw 44 is deflected by the fixed blades of the moving deflector air flow. of the screw 68. The deflecting screw 68 tends to push out

The path of the deflected jet of the air flow to carry increasingly heavy particles from the collected flow is shown schematically by the arrow MU. The higher the speed of the suspension of the particles transported 34 under the separating rotor 44. The lighter the air flow, the slower the tion, such as chaff, is absorbed through the central opening in the locking plate 70, moving movements. in the direction of the unit 72 of the suction blower.

Thus, when moving the air ducts, Unit 74 of the suction blower is fixed

on the hollow shaft 76, which is fixed on the hollow shaft 76, if the degree concentrically on the shaft of the separating screw 44 and the reflective function of the reflecting screw 68 turns out to be actuated by the disk 78. Thus, the node 74 is already sufficient, but a higher separation is required - the suction blower with its hollow characteristic due to the higher speed of the shaft 76 can work at higher speeds of rotation of the deflector plates 80, if they rotate faster than the separating screw 44. For fixed on the hollow shaft 76. In such a way that to push out the remaining grains, which, the composition of grain losses can be avoided even more bi- may have been sucked through the central hole to a lesser extent. All the elements described above can be in the locking plate 70, the provided additional ones can also be used in the presence of a single tusk plate 80, placed between the locking plate and the separation unit. mud 70 and node 74 of the suction blower. Examples presented in the drawings and described

In order to avoid damage to the grains, these chops still do not exclude the possibility of the existence of other plates fixed on the shaft of the separating screw examples of the implementation of this invention. Of course, 44, which potentially rotates at a lower speed for the expert, there is the possibility of adapting the concept to the requirements of its use in practice, the blower. The deflector screw 68 and the deflector plates 80, at the same time, the functional elements of one push the grains in the transverse direction through the grid can be integrated into the concept of another stream of air flow, which is generated in the example. In addition, the overall dimensions and diameters of the broken 74 of the suction blower, before are only illustrative in nature and can be the wall of the chamber 58 for collecting the product. How to be changed according to the requirements of a specific vy- an alternative solution different from the one shown for use in each individual case.

Fig. 3, reflective plates 80 can also be used for

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Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

State Department of Intellectual Property, str. Urytskogo, 45, Kyiv, MSP, 03680, Ukraine

SE "Ukrainian Institute of Industrial Property", str. Glazunova, 1, Kyiv - 42, 01601