UA74183C2 - Device for accessory IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF creation of casting mould /VARIANTS/ - Google Patents

Abstract

Invention relates to the foundry production and is used as shaping accessory for preparing the foundry mold. Device contains united shaping element, one side of which serves as a pattern with bottom board, and the second side fulfills the functions of core box for creating the internal outline of ingot. Device can contain additional elements forming complex parting plane, and undercut.

Description

Description of the invention

The device of equipment in casting technology, hereinafter referred to as "Model module" can be used in 2 foundry production for casting complex-profile castings with different separation planes, with different number of separate parts.

In the production of castings, by casting "into the ground", the main devices are foundry models and rod boxes |11.

Foundry models are implemented in the form of technical products (devices), with the help of which cavities 70 (imprints) are obtained in foundry molds made of molding materials.

In the rod drawers, sand rods are made from the molding compound to form internal holes and cavities in the cast part.

Models for forming are installed on sub-model plates. Such plates with models are usually called forming model plates. 19 There are two types of model plates: mounted, when a separately manufactured model is mounted on the plate, and integral or monolithic, when the plate is manufactured (cast) together with the model. In turn, mounted and cast model plates are divided into one-sided and two-sided. If the model or part of the model is located only on one side of the plate, then such model plates are one-sided; if the model is located on both sides (for the lower and upper windows), then such model plates are presented as double-sided.

A well-known analog that can be taken as a prototype is the "Model Kit", which is currently used in foundry production and consists of: a foundry model that forms the outer contour of the product; model plate, on which the foundry model, shower bush, firebox, into which the molding mixture is formed, are installed; pouring bush, which is a pouring system, i.e. a number of feeders connected on one side with the 29 foundry model, and on the other side connected to a collector through which the alloy poured from above flows (3 collectors are attached by slag - catchers, then the collector is connected to the riser, on top of which the pouring bowl is located; the rod box, in which the rods forming the internal cavities of the product are formed

I21.

This device has a number of disadvantages, which do not allow to obtain a high-quality casting, because due to the separate production of the model and core box, there are quite large deviations from the dimensions of both the external and internal surfaces, which do not allow to obtain a high-quality assembly of the equipment for the production of the casting .

In order to avoid heterogeneity of the resulting product (casting), which occurs due to misalignment of both the rods between themselves and between the rods and the model, fairly large allowances are assigned for the mechanical processing of the casting "I (preparations), from 3 mm per side. And this leads to an increase in the price of products due to increased costs for the material 35 from which the casting is made, and also determines the increased wear of the processed tool. -

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the manufactured products, to save the casting material that is spent, to reduce the wear of the machined tool, to reduce the costs and terms for the manufacture of complex products. "

Widely used in the foundry industry for casting into the "ground", wooden models are very time-consuming to manufacture, and their service life is not long due to peeling of surface layers, which must be constantly glued. Dimensions in such models are lost due to high humidity or drying out.

Metal models are more durable, but their production is also time-consuming, just like wooden models.

The production of foundry equipment is one of the slowest and most expensive stages of the production process, which requires high product quality. 45 In order to obtain a high-quality product, the equipment must be accurate, strong, resistant to external factors and have a high surface cleanliness, therefore it is traditionally manufactured on CNC machines, by the electric spark method or "" by hand by highly qualified specialist modelers.

Currently, rapid prototyping technologies are widely used to speed up production preparation and manufacturing of small and medium-sized batches of products, which allow the production of models based on CA data. at 20 The necessary prototype is made layer by layer from bottom to top until complete construction in strict accordance with the so-called mathematical model, which takes time from several hours to several days. Thanks to this method of production, it is possible to make models that cannot be obtained by milling.

The principles of operation of various KR systems have their own peculiarities.

The basis of the work of stereolithographic (5I A) machines is the chemical process of photo-polymerization. The ultraviolet laser, with the help of control programs, successively translates the cross-sections of the model obtained by

GF) to a special algorithm, on the surface of a container with light-sensitive resin. Liquid plastic hardens only in the place where the laser beam passed. Then a new liquid layer is applied to the hardened layer, and a new contour is drawn with a laser. Stereolithographic prototypes are used for casting on fired models, in addition, molds are made for the production of melted and gasified models. Thanks to the high cleanliness of the surface, finishing of the models is minimal.

The proposed technical solution is the "Model module" made by the method of laser stereolithography or any other method, which ensures high quality of equipment manufacturing, allows you to produce a high-quality casting of any degree of complexity with different separation planes in the shortest possible time, with such a drawback as the misalignment of the rods between by itself, the inconsistency of the rods and the model will be minimal, and hence, because | the variation of the product will be minimal, which will make it possible to assign a minimal allowance for mechanical processing.

The model module consists of a single main form-forming element, which, in one position of the main form-forming element and in combination with some additional elements, performs the functions of a foundry model with a sub-model plate, and in another position of the same main form-forming element, but in combination with other additional elements, performs core box functions.

The above-mentioned additional elements make it possible to form rather complex separation planes for both the model and the rod box, and separate form-forming surfaces can also be formed with additional elements.

Due to the single execution of both rods (which are traditionally made by rod drawers) and 7/0 Outer surfaces (made traditionally by models), the maximum accuracy of casting production is achieved. The minimally assigned allowances allow to reduce the wear of the cutting tool, to reduce the amount of material required for the production of the product.

Due to the fixing elements located in the additional elements, quick and high-quality assembly of the equipment is achieved, which allows to achieve the minimum diversity of the product without needing 7/5 Highly qualified personnel for setting up the equipment.

Let's consider the algorithm for forming the need to build a complex model module, which can be represented, for example, in the form of a mathematical model:

We are FOR the Railways - MD) 0) where:

Mu - model module;

A - the only basic form-forming element;

In Dom - the sum of additional elements for the model, which allow the formation of planes of separation of any Ha and their complexity, as well as other negative parts that must be formed by the model itself; (at)

In Dzs - the sum of additional elements for the rod box, which allow to form disconnection planes of any complexity, as well as separate parts that must be performed by the rod box.

The sign (y-) indicates the peculiarity of the mathematical module, i.e. the peculiarity of the only main form-forming element, which in the working position on one side performs the functions of a model with a sub-model plate, while the upper sign (y) has a place in the mathematical formula, but this same main the form-forming element returned to the working position by the other side will already perform the functions of the rod box and the mathematical formula will be read with a (-) sign. "

A model module that performs the functions of a model with a sub-model plate (see Fig. 2) is mathematically possible

To present as follows: c.

Mef ZAD - Where « where: Z

Myth - a model module that performs the functions of a model with a sub-model plate; c A is the only main form-forming element that serves to form the external profile of the casting and

"Iz" consists of: - a sub-model plate on which the shower system is located, iconic parts with their fixing elements (if there are no perpendicularly located rods relative to the plane of disconnection), if there are perpendicularly located rods, then the role of iconic parts is taken over by the fixing elements. and located on these rods, seats for additional elements forming different degrees of complexity "g" of the disconnection plane, as well as individual surfaces formed by the model; - a casting model that forms the external profile of the product, as well as perpendicularly located rods with - fixing elements that allow you to abandon traditional iconic parts, because their role

Ge | 20 perform fixing elements. Fixing elements allow you to assemble the equipment in a short time with minimal deviations from the alignment of the rods with the model; c" In the House - the sum of additional elements that form a complex plane of disconnection with their seats, as well as surfaces formed by separate parts located in the model;

The model module that performs the functions of a core box (see Fig. 3) can be mathematically represented as follows: o Me ZA OH Dn -HDasi (3) ime) where: 60 Mus is the model module that performs the functions of a core box;

A - the only main forming element, turned to the opposite side, serves to form the inner surfaces of the product in which there are: - one or more places of forming horizontally located rods in relation to the plane of disconnection with fixing elements acting as sign parts, in the case of the presence of 65 perpendicularly located rods in relation to cutting planes formed by the model; - places for the formation of iconic parts, in case there are no perpendicularly located rods on the model, with their fixing elements; - seats for additional elements.

In, Dos - the sum of additional elements that form a complex plane of disconnection, with its 9 landing places, as well as surfaces formed by separate parts, which must be formed by rod boxes.

Example 1. Fig. 1 shows the general block diagram of the assembly, which reproduces the principle of operation of the "Model Module", where: item 1 - the main form-forming element that has two working positions: - one working position - the main form-forming element performing the functions of the model with a sub-model plate, which form the outer contour of the casting with perpendicularly located rods with their fixing elements, if 70 such s, or seats for iconic parts with their fixing elements, as well as seats for additional elements that will form complex separation planes and, if there will be separate surfaces that must be formed by the model; - another working position - the main form-forming element performing the functions of a rod box, which is used to hold horizontally located rods with respect to the plane of separation with fixing elements for perpendicularly located rods performed in the 75 model, if there are no perpendicularly located rods, then next to the horizontally located rods, seats under the signs are made parts with their fixing points, also in the main form-forming element performing the function of a rod box, there are seats for additional elements that form a complex disconnection plane, as well as surfaces formed by separate parts, pos. 2 - horizontally located rod (s) performed by the main a form-forming element performing the functions of a rod box with symbolic parts and their fixing elements, and if the model contains perpendicularly located rods, then fixing elements for them, which in this case perform the functions of symbolic parts, item 3 - perpendicularly located rods with fixing elements are formed by the main form-forming element performing the function of the model, according to 3z.4 - the lower furnace in which the model is formed - the outer contour of the casting, and perpendicularly located rods with fixing elements with 75 elements are also formed. Gee)

The work of the "Model Module" is as follows. The main form-forming element, which performs the functions of a model with a sub-model plate (the sub-model plate with a shower system is not shown in Fig. 1), is returned to the working position of item 1 in the furnace item 4 and is molded by hand with a liquid, cold-hardening molding mixture, while the rods of pos. 3 executed by the model perpendicular to 30 are molded with the same mixture, we get an impression of the outer contour of the casting, and the rods with their fixing elements, which are not shown in the figure of Fig. 1, are located perpendicularly to the plane of separation. --

To obtain the rod item 2 with fixing elements, which are not shown in Fig. 1 with the sign "Its parts with their fixing elements, the same basic form-forming element is taken, but

Zo is returned to another working position, i.e. performing the functions of a rod box, a cold-hardening, rarely flowing rod mixture is formed in it. Received equipment elements: ready-made horizontal rods pos. 2 (halves of the rods are glued with special glues used in casting technological processes) are placed with fixing elements in the corresponding fixing places located on "perpendicularly located rods, if there are any, made by a model, if there are none, then the rods From 70, the horizontal ones are placed with the sign parts with their fixing elements in the seats under the sign parts with the corresponding seats under the fixing elements made by the model. second impression

From" i.e., the upper stack (not shown in Fig. 1) obtained by the main form-forming element, which performs the functions of a model with a sub-model plate, is installed on previously installed pins in the lower stack, pos. 4 (pins in Fig. 1 are not shown), then the stacks, lower and the upper one, with installed horizontal rods 45, is clamped with special clamps - locks, and the process of pouring with the specified casting alloy begins. and Example 2. Fig. 2 shows the "Model module" that performs the functions of a model with a sub-model plate, "d" is made of a monoblock version, i.e.: the main form-forming element of item 5, which performs the functions of a model and a sub-model plate, is contained in the furnace and is formed cold-hardening liquid mixture - an impression of the outer contour of the casting is formed and we immediately obtain perpendicularly located rods with

Ge | 20 with their fixing elements item b6. In this case, there are no seats for additional elements forming a complex disconnection plane, because the disconnection plane is simple. c» Example 3. Fig. 3 shows a "Model module" that performs the functions of a core box, made in a monoblock version, i.e.: the main form-forming element item 7, but already turned over on the other side, in contrast to item 5 in Fig. 2, forms horizontally arranged rods with fixing elements for perpendicularly located rods

GF) item 8. cue Example 4 (option 2). In Fig. 4 shows the "Model module", which performs the functions of a rod box, made in a mono-block version, i.e.: the main form-forming element pos. 9, which performs the functions of a rod box, in the absence of perpendicularly located rods, in which 60 are formed by a cold-hardening fluid mixture or a rod mixture only, preferably, by hand, rods with iconic parts of pos. 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17.

Example 5 (option 2). In Fig. 5 shows the "Model module", which performs the functions of a model with a sub-model plate, made in a monoblock version, i.e.: the main form-forming element of item 18, which performs the functions of a model with a sub-model plate, in the absence of perpendicularly located rods, is formed by a cold-hardening liquid mixture, in in this case, the impression of the external contour is reproduced with places for the iconic parts of pos. 19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26.

Example 6 (option 3). In Fig. 6 shows a "Model Module" that performs the functions of a core box in the case where there is a complex separation plane. The main form-forming element of pos. 27, returned to the working position of the rod box, has seats pointer a, b, c, d, d under the supplementary element pos. 28 on which there are places under the rods of pos. 29, 30, 31 with iconic parts of pos. 32,33,34,35,36,37 where the cold-solidifying liquid forming mixture is formed, after which the rods are dried and then glued with special glue. Half of the rod pos. 29 is shaped, glued with the second half of the same, if it is not located on a complementary element, as in our example, then rod 7/0 pos. 29 is placed on the seating position pos. c, made during forming on half of the rod pos. 31.

Rods with their iconic parts are located perpendicular to each other, and are also located at different levels of the disconnection plane ready for assembly.

Example 7 (option 3). In Fig. 7 shows a "Model Module" that performs the functions of a model with a sub-model plate when there is a complex separation plane. The main form-forming element of pos. 38, returned to the working position of the model with a sub-model plate, has seats pointer zh, z, i, Kk, l, m, n for additional elements pos. 39, 40, which form a different level of the disconnection plane, as well as seats for the iconic parts of pos. 41, 42, as well as seats for the negative parts of pos. 43, 44, which form places with an undercut and landing places under the iconic parts of pos. 45, 46. A furnace is mounted on the sub-model plate in which a cold-hardening, liquid-flowing molding mixture is formed. After drying the forms, the sub-model plate with the model with additional elements of pos. 39, 40, and then the negative parts of pos. 43, 44, ready-made rods are mounted in the dried form. The assembled lower half of the form with rods is covered with the upper form. The mold is ready for casting.

The elements obtained according to example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 make it possible to obtain in the shortest possible time an assembly with minimal errors, high-class surface cleanliness and, as a result, a high-quality casting. high school

The proposed "Model module" allows: o - when the model and rods are manufactured in a single element, to achieve minimal deviations from the alignment of both the rods with each other and the rods and the model with a very fast and high-quality assembly of the equipment, which is provided by the fixing elements located on the perpendicularly located rods, and corresponding fixing elements are located on horizontal rods, this allows you to abandon the traditional iconic parts with their fixing elements, which play the role of seats when assembling the equipment. This will make it possible to obtain the minimum diversity of the product, which in turn will lead, at the expense of the minimum prescribed allowances, to reduced wear of the processed tool - up to 6095, the absence of such additional operations as o/r trimming of iconic parts, and in combination with such a type of casting as casting in "ground" in relation to the equipment listed above, molding mixtures - cold-hardening, rare-flow type (the mixture has different additives depending on the type of alloy the product will be filled with): i- - non-ferrous alloys (aluminum, bronze, brass); - steel foundries; - cast iron

In this connection, it should be noted that the use of the "Model Module" with such a type of casting as "low-pressure casting" will allow to save more than 9090 poured material, due to the absence of sprue system, iconic parts in the case of a combination of horizontal and vertical rods.

At the same time, due to the high class of surface roughness, as well as due to fairly high manufacturing accuracy;" models by the installation (40.05 mm on the size of the installation table, i.e. 500x500x500 mm) will allow to assign minimum allowances up to 0.5 mm, which will reduce the wear of the processing tool. Admissions to seats

Iconic parts due to the possibility of making a model and a core box are simultaneously taken from the calculation - and the shrinkage of the molding mixture, and it is cold-hardening in ours, and as a consequence its shrinkage can be ignored, only the shrinkage of the alloy that will be poured remains. shk That is, such accuracy of manufacturing models with the installation can correspond to the 5th class of manufacturing accuracy - equipment that is very effective for such a type of casting as casting "into the ground".

Such a device, i.e. "Model module" is recommended for small castings for reasons of ensuring a rigid design of the equipment, for economic reasons, i.e. for a large casting, a large equipment will be needed, which will require the equipment to be equipped with some kind of filler, so that the equipment in terms of value, preferably, it was not more expensive than wooden models. Also, models and rods of large castings require machine molding for high-quality casting, which is not desirable for hollow tooling. In addition, its use will allow to minimize the complexity of manufacturing a complex profile product, because with the traditional method of manufacturing the model, 7095 of the total time spent on manufacturing the entire iF) equipment, the time of assembling such equipment is also minimal, which increases the technical and economic characteristics of the proposed technical solution. Model module".

The considered "Model module" was successfully used for the production of "Washing tank", with high indicators of the technological process of obtaining the product.

The considered "Model module" was successfully used for the production of "Basin tank", with high indicators of the technological process of obtaining the product.

Used literature: 1. V.A. Yefimov, G.A. Anisovich, V. N. Babich, and others. Special casting methods. - M.: Mashinobuduvaniya, 1991. - 734 p. 65 2. N.N. Flyakiv, V.V. Balabin, M.I. Vorobyov. Technology of foundry production.-M.: Mashinobuduvaniya, 1959.- 556p.

WITH.

A. M. Bakulin, V. A. Ulyanov, A. P. Afanasev, V. N. Gushin.

Modern technologies of production of foundry equipment. Foundry production .2001. Mo2-p.18,19.

4. S.L. Burakov, A.I. Veynyk, N.P. Dubynin and others.

Casting in a mold.-M.: Mashinobuduvannya, 1980.-415p.

5. E.N. Demin.

Guide to molds. - Leningrad.: Lenizdat, 1967.-367p.

6. A.K. Morgun, V.P. Gradil, R.A. Yegoshin.

Handbook on the unified system of design documentation.-Kharkiv. "Flag, 1980.-249p.

7. Metal forms (moulds) DST 16234-70- DST 16262-70.- M.: Official publication, 1970.- 150 p.

Claims (2)

The formula of the invention 1. Device for equipping in the technology of forming a casting mold, containing a single form-forming element, which is characterized by the fact that one side of the form-forming element is a model with a sub-model y5 plate in a combination of horizontally and perpendicularly located form-forming elements in relation to the plane of disconnection with fixing elements located on perpendicularly located elements that form the outer contour of the casting, and the second side performs the functions of a rod box that forms the inner contour of the casting, in a single version, horizontally and perpendicularly located rods with fixing elements corresponding to the model, located on perpendicularly located 2r rods. 2. A device for equipping in the technology of forming a casting mold, containing a single mold-forming element, which is characterized by the fact that one side of the mold-forming element is a model with a sub-model plate that forms the outer contour of the casting and seats for iconic parts with fixing elements for horizontally located mold-forming elements elements, and the second side performs the functions of the rod box of the box, which forms the inner contour of the casting, i.e. rods with their corresponding landing places under the iconic parts with corresponding fixing elements. at C. Device for equipment in the technology of forming a casting mold, containing a single mold-forming element, which is characterized by the fact that one side of the mold-forming element is a model with a sub-model plate with seating places for additional elements that form a complex plane of separation, as well as with seating places for additional elements that form undercuts of form-forming elements, and the second side performs the functions of a core box that forms the inner contour of the casting, and on it, according to the model, there are seats for corresponding additional elements that form a complex plane "- disconnections, as well as landing places for additional elements that form undercuts. "- - and? -i sh» - (ee) syu» ime) 60 b5