UA73771C2 - Spherical crank-slide mechanism (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to rotary mechanisms for transformation of rotary motion to swinging movement; geometrical axes of the rotary parts intersect in one point. A spherical crank-slide mechanism has a body, a shaft with crank in the middle part, a slide and a swinging kinematical link. The crank has a slot, the axis of symmetry of this one is inclined to the geometrical axis of the shaft and the slide is kinematically connected to the circular slot of the crank by means of solids of revolution. To the slide a swinging kinematical link is connected, by means of at least one rod element. The axes of the shaft and the swinging kinematical link are normal to each other. The solids of revolution between the slide and the crank increase reliability and efficiency of the crank-slide mechanism.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to kinematic schemes and construction of spherical crank-slider mechanisms for 2 converting rotary motion into oscillating (i.e. counter-rotating) motion and vice versa.

Such mechanisms can be used mainly in rotary volumetric extrusion machines based on at least one rotary hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder for conversion (depending on the order of input load supply): or rotation of the input shaft of the machine into the oscillating motion of blades kinematically connected to this shaft, or the oscillating movement of the blades in the rotation of the output shaft of the machine.

As will be shown later on a practical example, such mechanisms are included in the composition of rotating machines between the blades and the shaft, which - depending on the order of connecting the energy source - can be leading (input) or known (output).

It is clear to specialists that the proposed mechanisms can be used as part of the transmissions of other 12 devices.

Rotary volumetric extrusion machines (further - rotary machines) are widely used in engineering. their well-known parts in almost all cases are: at least one hollow flow body, limited internally by the surface of a suitable body of rotation and connected through appropriate holes and a pneumatic or hydraulic distributor or to a feed line for supplying fluid for compression and to a pressure line for removing compressed of the fluid medium, or to the source of the working medium with excess pressure and to the receiver ("regenerator") of the spent working medium, at least one working body (usually a blade) installed in the body with the possibility of oscillating movement, and c 29 a rotary converter of the direction of movement, capable of perceiving or the rotation of the input shaft with the transformation of Go) it into the oscillating motion of the blade, or the oscillating motion of the blade with its transformation into the rotational motion of the output shaft.

For reference, we note that the terms used here and in the following mean: fluid medium - liquid or gas, which enters the rotating machine under a relatively low inlet pressure (7 can be compressed and fed into the pressure line under a higher outlet pressure; - working body - liquid or gas, which, being under excess (compared to atmospheric) pressure, can serve as a direct source of energy for the operation of a rotary machine as an engine, in a blade - the working body of many volumetric extrusion machines, capable of oscillating movement or from an external drive (for suction and injection of the fluid) or under the action of 39 portions of the working body supplied alternately from different sides of the blade (for rotation of the output shaft), into the rotary cylinder - the simplest rotary volumetric extrusion machine, in which the oscillating working body has the appearance of being planted on (input driver , whether the output is known) the shaft of a single-lobed or symmetrical two-lobed blade "

Many rotating machines, especially pneumatic cylinders and hydraulic cylinders, are manufactured in large series, and sometimes Z 4 en masse. Therefore, it is very desirable that the converters of the direction of movement for such machines have the highest possible reliability and maintainability, the lowest possible frictional energy losses. were as easily amenable to unification, that is, they could

From" to be built into the transmissions of various rotating machines

These requirements are hardly compatible. Therefore, until now, it was possible to fulfill only some of them

Thus, the reversible converters of the direction of movement for piston hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders usually serve as crank and connecting rod mechanisms (see Chuprakov Yu MY Fundamentals of hydro- and pneumatic drives - Moscow, "Mashinostroenie", 1966, p. 29, fig. 5 2) and practice has shown that these mechanisms are reliable | repairable, since they are located almost completely outside the working volume of the specified rotary machines AND are characterized by acceptable friction losses 7 However, they are bulky | are practically inapplicable in the composition of such rotary machines, which in one revolution of the working - and 20 vadas are able to displace in the discharge lines a volume of fluid corresponding to several maximum volumes of the working cavity and In particular, these converters are incompatible with rotary machines based on rotary ( "moment") hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders with one- or two-bladed blades, the bodies of which in cross-section have the form of sectors of (not necessarily circular) cylinders, or preferably circular cylinders with end walls, and the working 29 shafts are introduced into the cavity of the bodies at least through one end wall (or ai, p. 28, according to drawings C 2

GF) 14 2).

These machines are attractive in that they can feed a volume of liquid or gas into the pressure line in one revolution of the drive shaft, which is two or four times greater than the working volume of the body, because when the single- or double-leaf blades oscillate, the working chambers, respectively, are two or are filled four times | are emptied 60 For such reversible machines, parallelogram hinge-elevating mechanisms-converters of the direction of movement are known (Artobolevskii IY. MECHANISMS IN MODERN TECHNOLOGY / Reference manual for engineers, designers and inventors in 7 volumes, consolidated volume. MI-MII, M.: "Nauka ", 1981, p. 403, abstract! 3894 and 3895). In these mechanisms, the blades serve as cranks.

However, the spikes, which are rigidly connected to the blades, must be inserted into such shaped grooves in the end walls of the 62 housings that cannot be reliably sealed. Therefore, despite the obvious theoretical efficiency of rotary machines based on torque cylinders, they have practically not been manufactured and used so far.

Probably, the same preference was given to rotary volumetric extrusion machines, in which the mechanisms-transformers of the direction of movement are built into mostly spherical bodies (05 826985, 1906

In ZE 339010, 1970; UUO 82/03106, UUO 88/03986 and MO 90/07632 and others). In such machines, the blades directly serve as kinematic links of mechanisms that change the direction of movement.

However, the introduction of converters of the direction of movement inside the housings of rotary machines complicates their manufacture, assembly and repair, reduces the useful volume, excludes the possibility of reliable sealing of variable working volumes cut off by oscillating blades, and, accordingly, negatively affects /0 ccd.

However, developments of this kind were not superfluous and, in accordance with the theoretical principles known from the mentioned book by I.I. Artobolevsky (vol. II "Kulisno-rychazhnye i krivoshipno-polzunnyiue mechanism!", M.: "Nauka", 1979, p. 499, fig. 15-19) in MO 96/31684 (see figures 1-6 and text from line 21 on p.8 to line 07 on p.11) a workable spherical crank-slider mechanism was proposed. It is the closest to the proposed /5 below mechanism in terms of technical essence and has: a body (the role of which in a known case is performed by the body of any separate section of a rotary volumetric extrusion machine), a shaft installed in the body in two opposite coaxial bearings, a crank, which is rigidly connected to the shaft, made in the form of a protrusion (which in the known case is called the "Carrier" and has a spherical shape) and is equipped with an annular groove, the plane of symmetry of which is inclined to the geometric axis of the shaft and passes through the above-mentioned central point, a slider that , in the known case, made in the form of a folded ring insert, installed by sliding fit in the specified groove flush with its surface and having a first radially oriented recess on the periphery, oscillating kinematic link, which is installed in the housing in two opposite coaxial bearings so that their the common geometric axis is practically perpendicular to the common geometric axis of the shaft bearings (and which in the known case) has the form n smooth ring blade with a spheroidal groove on the inner wall of the ring for sliding landing on a spherical carrier | equipped with a second radial notch), and a means of kinematic connection between the slider | by an oscillating kinematic link that in the known case "- with Made as at least one rod intermediate element of engagement (pin), installed in the specified radial recesses of the slider insert and blade -

In such a mechanism, the geometric axes of all installed rotatable parts intersect at M one "central" point

Unfortunately, it can work effectively only in such pumps or submotors according to the same UMO i) 96/31684, in which the kinematic links of the converter of the direction of movement are permanently immersed in a liquid fluid medium or a liquid working body as a lubricant that reduces losses friction energy | reduces wear.

However, even in such machines, it is not possible to reliably seal any contact zone of the carrier | blades, no gap between m peripheral part of I! wall of the body Therefore, the flow of liquid from the "supra-scapular" cavity to the "infra-scapular" cavity is inevitable at each oscillation | rapid decrease in specific power | In addition, the described mechanism is practically impossible to install in rotary machines of volumetric 7-3) s extrusion based on rotary pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the kinematic scheme to create such a spherical; crank-slider mechanism, which reliably | with a high k k d would convert rotary motion into oscillating or vice versa in rotary volumetric extrusion machines based on rotary pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders.

The problem is solved by the fact that in a spherical crank-slider mechanism for reversible -I converters of the direction of movement, in which the geometric axes of all installed rotatable parts intersect at one "central" point I, which has a housing, about a shaft installed in the housing in two opposite coaxial bearings, -And the crank, which is rigidly connected to the shaft in its middle part | is equipped with an annular groove, the 5p bimetry plane of which is inclined to the geometric axis of the shaft I contains the mentioned "central" point, sh - a slider kinematically connected to the annular groove of the crank,

Kk oscillating kinematic link installed in the housing in two opposite coaxial bearings so that their common geometric axis is practically perpendicular to the common geometric axis of the shaft bearings, and at least one rod intermediate element of the kinematic connection between the slider | oscillating Kinematic link, according to the invention in the first version

F) the annular groove of the crank is made in the form of at least one first running track for the rolling bodies, and the slider is made on the basis of a ring with at least one second running track for the rolling bodies and is kinematically connected to the annular groove of the crank through these bodies, and 60 is an oscillating kinematic link made in the form of a clip that freely covers the slider with a continuous gap and is rigidly connected to at least one additional shaft protruding from the body; and in the second variant, the crank is made detachable, in the annular groove of the crank a solid ring with at least one running track is rigidly fixed, which serves as the inner ring of the rolling bearing, the slider is made on the basis of such an outer ring of the specified rolling bearing, which has the same number of running rings as the specified inner ring tracks and rests on the inner ring through suitable rolling bodies, and the oscillating kinematic link is made in the form of a clip that freely covers the slider with a continuous gap and is rigidly connected to at least one additional shaft protruding from the body.

In both versions, the crank is kinematically connected to the oscillating kinematic link through a rolling bearing, the outer ring of which serves as a slider. Therefore, the reversible converter of the direction of movement based on any such mechanism is significantly more reliable and has a higher efficiency. compared to the state of the art.

Further, since the transformation of the direction of movement can take place outside the housings of rotary machines of volume 7/0 displacement, the proposed mechanism in each of the specified options is easily connected to rotary pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders.

And, finally, since the reliable sealing of the shafts and blades of such cylinders is not significantly difficult nowadays, and their working volumes can be used in their entirety, so with the use of mechanisms according to the invention, it is possible to manufacture high-performance and reliable rotary volumetric extrusion machines.

Each of the specified options can have the same additional differences.

The first of them is that the specified clip is rigidly connected to two additional coaxial shafts protruding from the body on opposite sides. This allows two rotary pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders with in-phase blades to be connected oppositely to the bracket.

The next additional difference is that the shaft carrying the crank is equipped outside the housing with at least one flywheel. It stabilizes the rotation of the shaft regardless of whether it is the driving kinematic link for driving the blades of rotary pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders operating as compressors or pumps, respectively, or it is the power take-off shaft of such machines operating as pneumatic or hydraulic motors, respectively.

The last additional difference is that the body is made in the form of two rigidly connected frames, the planes of symmetry of which are perpendicular and include the mentioned "central point". This significantly reduces the material consumption of the converters of the direction of movement based on the proposed mechanism, simplifies their manufacture, maintenance and repair i)

It is natural that when choosing specific forms of practical implementation of the invention, arbitrary combinations of the specified additional differences with the main inventive concept in each of the two specified options are possible, "so that this concept within the limits outlined by the formula of the invention can be supplemented and/or clarified using the usual knowledge of specialists and - that the best examples of the implementation of the inventive idea described below do not in any way limit the scope of rights based on the invention.

Next, the essence of the invention is explained with a detailed description of the construction of the spherical crank-slider mechanism and a description of its operation with references to the drawings, which are shown in: fig. 1 - spatial kinematic diagram of a spherical crank-slider mechanism (on the background of a pair of rotary pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders connected to an intermediate oscillating kinematic link); Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the specified mechanism along the (input or output) shaft carrying the crank; Fig. 3 - cross-section NO-NO of the specified mechanism from Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a simplified section of the IM-IM from Fig. 2 of the oscillating kinematic links in the plane of symmetry of the annular groove -ptsh) of the crank.

A spherical crank-slider mechanism is proposed, in which the geometric axes of all installed with ;" due to the possibility of rotation of the parts intersect at one central point "0", includes (see fig. 1): a) body 1 mainly in the form of two rigidly connected frames 2 and З, the planes of symmetry "MU" and "M" of which are perpendicular and include the point "0" (for clarity, these planes are shown by sets of dashes outside the corresponding frames), b) the shaft 4 installed in the frame 2 of the body 1 in two opposite coaxial bearings 5 and 6 | can o serve as an input (leading) or output (known) shaft for at least one rotary machine of volumetric -I extrusion, preferably on the basis of at least one rotary pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, c) preferably detachable crank 7, which is rigidly connected to the shaft 4 in its middle part | has at least one not particularly marked annular groove, symmetrical with respect to the plane inclined to the geometric axis of the shaft 4 | includes the point "0" mentioned above, while the specified groove either directly serves as at least one raceway for suitable rolling bodies 8 (balls or rollers, which are usually fixed in a separator not shown and not particularly marked), or (see Fig. 2) serves for rigid fixation of the integral inner ring 9 of a suitable standard rolling bearing with at least one raceway for said rolling bodies 8,

f) d) slider 10 (usually based on the outer ring of the rolling bearing), which has the same number of raceways as the mentioned crank case 7 or the indicated inner ring 9, and rests on them through the rolling bodies 8, v d) an oscillating kinematic link in the form clamps 11, which is installed in the frame From the body 1 in two opposite coaxial bearings 12 | 13 so that their common geometric axis is practically perpendicular to the common geometric axis of the bearings 5 and 6 of the shaft 4, with a continuous gap freely covering the slider 10 rigidly connected to at least one additional shaft 14, and preferably to two shafts 14, which 65 are installed in the specified bearings 12 | 13, protrude beyond the frame From the case 1 | designed to connect the source or consumer of oscillating motion,

e) at least one rod intermediate element in the form of an axis 15 (and preferably two such oppositely located axes) for the kinematic connection between the slider 10 and the oscillating kinematic link (clamp) 11

It is clear that, regardless of the number of pairs of concentric raceways on the crank 7 (or on the inner ring 9) and on the slider 10, the rolling bodies 8 must be located mirror-symmetrically with respect to the inclined plane of symmetry above the mentioned annular groove. Thus, if there is one raceway on the crank 7 or ring 9, and also one raceway on the slider 10, this inclined plane will directly serve as a common plane of symmetry for both concentric raceways AND rolling bodies 8, if there are two raceways on the crank 7 or ring 9 | also two running tracks on a slider 10 7/o Corresponding pairs of concentric tracks | the sets of rolling bodies 8 in them will be located practically equidistantly with respect to the specified inclined plane from and different sides, and according to the presence of three raceways on the crank 7 or ring 9, and also three raceways on the slider 10 for a pair of middle concentric tracks, and the corresponding rolling bodies 8 should the first condition must be fulfilled, and for two pairs of lateral concentric tracks AND the rolling bodies 8 installed in them - the second of the above-mentioned conditions.

It is desirable that the shaft 4 to stabilize the operation of the kinematic chain is equipped with at least one flywheel 16 located outside the housing 1

It is also desirable that the specified clip 11 is rigidly connected to two coaxial additional shafts 14 protruding beyond the frame From the body 1 on its opposite sides. This will allow to include the described mechanism between two rotary pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders 17 with working bodies in the form of mainly 18 two-lobed 2o popats.

To explain the description of the operation of the proposed mechanism, in Fig. 1, along with pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders 17, an arbitrary (in particular, electric) motor 19 and (in particular, planetary) gearbox 20 are additionally shown.

Figures 2, 3 1 4 show a fairly simple example of a real construction of a spherical crank-slider mechanism. with

Thus, Fig. 2 shows a removable crank 7, the inner ring 9 of a standard single-row radial ball bearing I! is clamped between the halves of the crank. slider 10 on the basis of the corresponding outer ring i) of this ball bearing, although it is clear to a specialist that depending on the forces acting on the specified parts 9, 8 110, others can be selected, for example, double-row (and even three-row) radial thrust ball or roller bearings .

The angle "o" indicated in Fig. 2 between the plane of symmetry of the annular groove of the crank 7 | the geometric axis of the shaft 4 "pd with the top at the central point "0" can theoretically be chosen between 09 | 902 In reality, the value "a" is chosen taking into account the geometric shape and dimensions of the crank 7 | slider 10 between 302 | 802 By the way, as shown in Fig. 2, it is precisely to minimize the angle "a" that the slider 10 has conical side surfaces.

Indeed, it is possible to ensure an angle less than 302 only by means of constructive tricks, and setting the value of c "0 more than 802 is practically impractical, since it sharply reduces the amplitude of oscillations.

Z On fig. Z, the positions of the additional shafts 14 in the frame Z of the body 1 are clearly shown, and the kinematic connection of these shafts in. 14 with an oscillating link (clamp) 11 Accordingly, the rigid connection of the shafts 14 with the clamp 11 and the uniform arrangement of the rolling bodies 8 in the raceways on the crank 7 are most clearly visible in the diagrammatic figure 4 | on the slider 10.

This mechanism works (see again fig. 1) as follows. "

If the input kinematic link is the shaft 4, then the engine 19 through the gearbox 20 rotates this shaft together with the crank 7 relative to the housing 1 in the bearings 5 and 6. Since the housing 1 is stationary, when the crank 7 rotates, the plane of symmetry of the mentioned annular groove and, " » respectively, at least one running track in this groove or inner ring 9 cyclically changes its " spatial position relative to the geometric axis of the shaft 4.

In connection with this cyclical change of the body 8, the rollers roll in the running track (or tracks) of the crank 7 at a certain angle forward and backward and force the slider 10 to make a reverse-rotational movement. movement around these axes 15. c By oscillating, the clip 11 drives the shaft(s) 14 mounted in the specified bearings 12 into a counter-rotating motion | 13, | rigidly connected to the shafts 14 two-leaf blades 18 rotary pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders 17, which can, respectively, serve as compressors or pumps for injecting consumers - 50 suitable fluids.

If the shaft 4 is the output kinematic link, and at the input there is at least one pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 17 with at least a single-valve blade 18 working as an engine, then the process proceeds in the reverse order.

The invention can be implemented using materials, equipment and 29 tools known in the industry. As the best field of practical application of the proposed mechanisms, it should be especially noted: o pumps or compressors AND hydraulic or pneumatic motors based mainly on a pair of hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders 17 with preferably with two-bladed blades 18, and preferably, Stirling refrigerating machines based on at least two rotary pneumatic cylinders 17, which are additionally equipped with heaters, regenerators and working fluid coolers in a manner known to experts, because at the same time Stirling refrigerating machines can work on such a commonly available refrigerant as air they can be used mainly as part of industrial freezers for long-term (up to a year and more) preservation of perishable food products, or as part of automobile, railway | ship refrigerators for transportation of such products at a distance of 1000-10000 km and more. b5

Claims (8)

The formula of the invention 1. Spherical crank-slider mechanism for reversible converters of the direction of movement, in which the geometric axes of all installed rotatable parts intersect at one "central" point and which has a housing, a shaft installed in the housing in two opposite coaxial bearings, a crank that rigidly connected to the shaft in its middle part and equipped with an annular groove, the plane of symmetry of which is inclined to the geometric axis of the shaft and contains the mentioned "central point", a slider kinematically connected to the annular groove of the crank, an oscillating kinematic link installed in the housing in two opposite coaxial bearings so that their common geometric axis is practically perpendicular to the common 70 geometric axis of the shaft bearings, and at least one rod intermediate element of the kinematic connection between the slider and the oscillating kinematic link, which is characterized by the fact that the annular groove of the crank is made in in the form of at least one first running track for rolling bodies , the slider is made on the basis of a ring with at least one second running track for the rolling bodies and is kinematically connected to the annular groove of the crank through these bodies, the oscillating kinematic link is made in the form of a clip, which with a continuous gap of 75 freely covers the said ring and is rigidly connected with at least one additional shaft protruding beyond the body. 2. The mechanism according to claim 1, which differs in that the specified clip is rigidly connected to two coaxial additional shafts that protrude beyond the body from its opposite sides. 3. Mechanism according to claims 1 or 2, which is characterized by the fact that the shaft that carries the crank is equipped with at least one flywheel located outside the housing. 4. The mechanism according to claims 1 or 2, which differs in that the body is made in the form of two rigidly connected frames, the planes of symmetry of which are perpendicular and include the mentioned "central" point. 5. Spherical crank-slider mechanism for reversible converters of the direction of movement, in which the geometric axes of all installed rotatable parts intersect at one "central" point and which has a housing, a shaft installed in the housing in two opposite coaxial bearings, a crank, that (5) is rigidly connected to the shaft in its middle part and is equipped with an annular groove, the plane of symmetry of which is inclined to the geometric axis of the shaft and contains the mentioned "central point", a slider kinematically connected to the annular groove of the crank, an oscillating kinematic a link installed in the housing in two opposite coaxial bearings so that their common geometric axis is practically perpendicular to the common geometric axis of the shaft bearings, and at least one rod intermediate element of the kinematic connection between the m slider and the oscillating kinematic link, which differs in that the crank is made detachable, in the annular groove of the crank a solid ring is rigidly fixed with at least one raceway that serves as the inner ring of the rolling bearing, the slider is made on the basis of such an outer ring of the specified rolling bearing, which has the same number of raceways as the specified inner ring and rests on the inner ring through suitable rolling bodies, and the oscillating kinematic the link is made in the form of a clip that freely covers the slider with a continuous gap and is rigidly connected to at least one additional shaft protruding from the body. 6. The mechanism according to claim 5, which differs in that the specified clip is rigidly connected to two coaxial "additional shafts that protrude beyond the body from its opposite sides. 7. The mechanism according to claims 5 or 6, which differs in that the shaft that carries the crank is equipped with at least one flywheel located outside the housing. and 8. The mechanism according to claims 5 or claim 6, which differs in that the body is made in the form of two rigidly connected frames, the planes of symmetry of which are perpendicular and include the mentioned "central" point. -I (95) -I - 50 - F) ime) 60 b5