UA72699U - Spindle bearing on permanent magnets - Google Patents

Abstract

A spindle bearing on permanent magnets includes sensors of position of the bearing shaft, force magnetic repulse units, device for automated control of position of the shaft of the bearing. The shaft of the spindle bearing is arranged as a component one and includes an output shaft, bearing shaft and tail element, at the ends of the bearing shaft in the screens magnets of the shaft are installed as a hollow cylinder with poles on the inner and the outer side surfaces, in bushings installed to the body of the spindle bearing on permanent magnets, over the magnets of the shaft in cross sections by B-B and B-B of the spindle bearing by axes of coordinate systems XOYand XOYfour at each force magnetic repulse units are installed, each force magnetic repulse unit includes a permanent magnet installed to the screen made of magnetic-soft material, piezoelectric motor installed to ceramic insulator and a control screw. Permanent magnets of force magnetic repulse units are with poles directed towards the same poles of the same poles of the magnets of the shaft. Force magnetic repulse units and the magnet of the shaft that are installed in one cross section of the bearing form a force magnetic suspension of the shaft of the spindle bearing on permanent magnets. In the body of the spindle bearing on permanent magnets in cross section A-A over the input shaft in ceramic bushing by half-axes +Xand+ Yof the coordinate system XOY, axes of which are parallel to the axes of the coordinate systems XOYand XOY, indicators of position of the shaft of spindle bearing on permanent magnets are installed. The device of automated control of position of the shaft of spindle bearing on permanent magnets includes a master, the first differential amplifier of mismatch signal, the second differential amplifier of mismatch signal, first gap value measuring device, second gap value measuring device, switch on-off, piezoelectric engines of force magnetic repulse units. Indicators of position of the shaft of the spindle bearing on permanent magnets are electrically connected to piezoelectric motors of force magnetic repulse units. Output of indicator is connected to the first inputs of the first differential amplifier of mismatch signals, second differential amplifier of mismatch signal, indicator of position of the shaft of the spindle bearing on permanent magnets installed at half-axis +Xof the coordinate system XOY, is connected to the first gap value measuring device, and its output is connected to the second input of the first differential mismatch signal amplifier, the first and the second outputs of the first differential amplifier of mismatch signal are connected to the inputs of amplifiers, outputs of amplifiers through the switches “on-off” are connected to piezoelectric motors of force magnetic repulse units installed by axes Xand Xof the coordinate systems XOYand XOY, indicator of position of the shaft of spindle bearing on permanent magnets installed at half-axis +Yof the coordinate system XOY, is connected to the second gap value measuring device, and its output is connected to the second input of the second differential amplifier of mismatch signal. The first and the second outputs of the second differential amplifier of mismatch signal are connected to the inputs of the amplifiers. The outputs of amplifiers through the switches “on-off” are connected to piezoelectric motors of force magnetic repulse units installed by axles Yand Yof the coordinate systems XOYand XOY.

Description

the sensor of the position of the shaft of the spindle support on permanent magnets, installed along the mA half-axis of the X"OMUH coordinate system, is connected to the second gauge of the amount of the gap, and its output is connected to the second input of the second differential amplifier of the mismatch signal.

The first and second outputs of the second differential amplifier of the mismatch signal are connected to the inputs of the amplifiers. Outputs of amplifiers through switches "on - off." connected to the piezoelectric motors of the force magnetic repulsors installed along the U8 and U axes in the KhROBUB and KhVOVUV coordinate systems,

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The model belongs to machine tool construction and, in particular, to systems of automatic control and stabilization of the position of forming elements of high-precision machines for processing precise elements of optics and mechanics, and can be used to build precision supports on permanent magnets.

For assistant USSR Mo 1 500 805 dated 11.10.1987 known aerostatic spindle support. This aerostatic spindle support is selected as a prototype. The prototype aerostatic spindle support includes an aerostatic spindle support with two inflation lines. On the outer sides of the radial spindle support, there are two independent support shaft misalignment compensators, which are equipped with adjustable kerosene flow limiters. Each adjustable kerosene flow limiter includes a piezoelectric motor with a pressure regulator in the kerosene layer.

Moreover, adjustable kerosene flow limiters, which are symmetrically located relative to the shaft position sensors, can be combined into groups in which piezoelectric motors are connected in parallel to the automatic control system.

The following should be noted. Aerostatic spindle support is difficult to manufacture.

The estimated value of the gap between the sleeve and the support shaft is in the range from 10 μm to 30 μm. The operation of the aerostatic spindle support requires the presence of an energy-intensive compressor unit. The kerosene limiters of the aerostatic supports become dusty, and the moisture that falls from the kerosene that has entered the blow-up causes corrosion.

Spindle support on permanent magnets is free of these disadvantages. Permanent magnet supports are durable. Demagnetization of magnets, which are made of supercritical materials, does not exceed 0.2--0.5 95 per year. If the magnet was subjected to magnetic stabilization, it is possible to reduce the irreversible reduction of the magnetic induction to hundredths of a percent. Magnetic induction can be completely renewed by the next magnetization.

In terms of lifting capacity, spindle supports on permanent magnets made of subcritical materials with a coercive force of 300-500О0kA/m and an inductance of 1.5 T can significantly exceed aerostatic spindle supports.

Spindle support on permanent magnets does not consume gas to inflate the support, and therefore, this support is energy-saving.

The problem to be solved is such an improved prototype spindle support, which

Zo provides for the replacement of the kerosene lubricating layer of the aerostatic spindle support by the magnetic field of power magnetic suspensions with the possibility of controlling the radial position of the spindle support shaft using permanent magnets.

This is achieved by the fact that the permanent magnet spindle support, which includes sensors for the position of the support shaft, force magnetic repulsors, a device for automatic control of the position of the support shaft, according to a useful model, the shaft of the spindle support is made folded and includes an output shaft, a supporting shaft and a shank, according to at the edges of the supporting shaft in the screens, shaft magnets are installed in the form of a hollow cylinder with poles on the inner and outer side surfaces, in the bushings installed in the spindle support housing on permanent magnets, above the shaft magnets in the B-B and B-B sections of the spindle support along the axes coordinate systems

ХБОБУБ Her ХВОВУВ are equipped with four power magnetic repellers, each power magnetic repeller includes a permanent magnet installed in a screen made of magnetic material, a piezoelectric motor installed in a ceramic insulator, and an adjusting screw, moreover, the permanent magnets of the power magnetic repellers have their poles directed to the poles of the shaft magnets of the same name, power magnetic repellers and a shaft magnet, which are installed in one section of the support, form a power magnetic suspension of the spindle support shaft on permanent magnets, in the housing of the spindle support on permanent magnets in the section along A-A above the output shaft in a ceramic sleeve along the XA and UA semi-axes of the ChROM coordinate systems, the axes of which are parallel to the axes of the KhROBUB and KhVOVUV coordinate systems, sensors for the position of the spindle support shaft on permanent magnets are installed, the device for automatic control of the position of the spindle support shaft on permanent magnets includes a encoder, the first differential amplifier of the misalignment signal, second differential mismatch signal amplifier, first clearance gauge, second clearance gauge, amplifiers, switch on. - off, piezoelectric motors of power magnetic pushers, moreover, sensors of the position of the spindle support shaft on permanent magnets are electrically connected to piezoelectric motors of power magnetic pushers, moreover, the output of the encoder is connected to the first inputs of the first differential amplifier of the mismatch signal , the second differential amplifier of the misalignment signal, the sensor of the position of the spindle support shaft on permanent magnets, installed along the -X" semi-axis of the coordinate system

CHROMUK, connected to the first gauge of the amount of the gap, and its output is connected to the second input of the first differential amplifier of the mismatch signal, the first and second outputs of the first differential amplifier of the mismatch signal are connected to the inputs of the amplifiers, the outputs of the amplifiers through the switches "on. - off connected to piezoelectric motors of power magnetic repulsors installed along the X5 and XV axes of the Khrobuv coordinate system and

ХВОВУВ, a sensor of the position of the shaft of the spindle support on permanent magnets, installed along the semi-axis "UA of the KHOM coordinate system, connected to the second gauge of the amount of the gap, and its output is connected to the second input of the second differential amplifier of the mismatch signal, the first and second outputs of the second differential mismatch signal amplifiers are connected to amplifier inputs, amplifier outputs through on-off switches. connected to the piezoelectric motors of the power magnetic repulsors installed along the y and y axes of the KhROBUB and KhVOVUV coordinate systems,

This is also achieved by the fact that in sections along B-B and G-G along the axes of the HROBUB coordinate system and

Groups of parallel-connected power magnetic repulsors are installed in the HVOVUs.

The cause-and-effect relationship between the claimed technical solution and the achieved technical result is as follows.

In Fig. 1 shows a spindle support on permanent magnets, the shaft 2, 3, 4 of which consists of a bearing shaft 2 and an output shaft and shank 4 coaxially connected to it. All shafts 2, 3, 4 have the same diameter. On the edges of the supporting shaft 2, the magnets of the shaft 8 are installed in the screens. Power magnetic repulsors 11 are installed in the housing 1 of the support in cross sections along B-B and B-B above the magnets of shaft 8. Their permanent magnets 9 are moved by piezoelectric motors 13. The poles of magnets 13 are directed to the same poles of magnets 8 of shaft B - B. Magnets 13 power magnetic repellers 11 are installed with a gap of 1z relative to the magnet 8 of the shaft.

As you know, the poles of magnets of the same name repel each other. Consider the force of repulsion between the power magnetic repeller 11 and the shaft magnet. Magnets 9 of power magnetic repellers 11 are located in screens 12, which are made of magnetic material. These screens 12 are magnetic lines, the magnetic flux beyond which can be neglected. Therefore, the magnetic fluxes are concentrated in the gaps between the open poles of the magnets 9 of the power magnetic repellers 11 and the magnets 8 of the support shaft.

The force of repulsion between the force magnetic repulsor 11 and the magnet 8 of the shaft is calculated by the formula (Y.M. Pyatyn, Permanent magnet, M: Znergia, 1980):

E. - VmvidVmvalaUa vid - zo pop ngiz/ OM ; where: Om. magnetic rigidity of magnets 9 of the power magnetic repeller and magnets 8 of the shaft; iv. the size of the gap between the repeller magnet and the guide magnet; PO - magnetic constant;

VmvidVmvala induction of the magnets of the power magnetic repeller and the magnet of the shaft;

M - (mvid biImvala)/2.. the average length of the magnets of the power magnetic repeller and the magnet of the shaft; Zv. the area of the magnet poles. The area of the magnet 8 of the support shaft is equal to the area of the magnet 9 of the repeller. in -Mi

At the time when the difference in the force of repulsion GvId of the force magnetic repeller installed along the semi-axis V of the KhROBU coordinate system? in the B-B cross-section of the support and the shaft magnet, and the repulsion force The guide of the power magnetic repeller installed along the -y5 semi-axis of the KhROBU5 coordinate system in the B-B cross-section of the support and the magnet shaft will be equal to the radial load in the B-B cross-section of the spindle supports on permanent magnets, the support shaft will occupy a new position. Moreover, the force of repulsion between these magnets with their magnetization Me 1.5927105, magnetic induction 2 T, and 13-50 μm equals 1313 N. With the same parameters of the magnets and Iz -40 μm equals 2052 N. This means that the stiffness of one force of the magnetic suspension is 73.9 N/μm.

To prevent radial displacement of the spindle support shaft on permanent magnets, it is equipped with a device for controlling the position of the support shaft. This device, by changing the gaps between the magnet 8 of the shaft and the magnets 9 of the power magnetic repulsors by the piezoelectric motors 13 of the repulsors, constantly compensates for the radial load on the support shaft and prevents its displacement.

The force of repulsion between the magnet 8 of the shaft and the magnetic force repellers is determined by their magnetic inductions, the plane of the poles, the average length and the gap between them.

The model is explained with drawings.

Fig. 1 Spindle support on permanent magnets (axial section).

Fig. 2. Power magnetic suspensions in cross-sections along B-B and B-B supports.

Fig. 3. Sensors of clearances in cross-sections A-A of the support.

Fig. 4. Functional diagram of the device for automatic control of the position of the spindle support shaft on permanent magnets.

Fig. 5. Power magnetic suspensions are formed by groups of power magnetic repulsors in the B-B and B-B sections of the support.

Spindle support on permanent magnets (Fig. 1) includes a body 1 and a component shaft 2, 3, 4 of a spindle support on permanent magnets, which consists of a bearing shaft 2 and an output shaft Z and a shank coaxially connected to it and of the same diameter as it 4.

In the housing 1 of the spindle support in the ceramic bushings 5 in the cross-section along A-A of the support along the semi-axes

ХА and Ж MA of the CHROMMUA coordinate system (Fig. 3) are installed sensors for the position of the spindle support shaft.

Ceramic bushings 5 are insulators of sensors 6, and also weaken the effect of an external magnetic field on these sensors. Sensors b of the position of the shaft of the spindle support are used to measure the gaps between the bases of the sensors 6 and the output shaft Z to ensure the stabilization of the radial position of the shaft 2, 3, 4 of the spindle support on permanent magnets.

On the edges of the supporting shaft 2, in the insulators 7, the magnets 8 of the shaft are installed, which are made in the form of hollow cylinders with poles on the inner and outer side surfaces. Screens 7 are made of a magnetic material (permunder) (Pyatin Yu. M. Permanent magnet, reference book, Moscow: Znergia, 1980) with high magnetic permeability (g 2 80000 high saturation induction (Vp hl) and ensure the concentration of the magnetic field between the magnets 8 of the shaft and the magnets 9 of the power magnetic repulsors 11, and also prevent the penetration of the magnetic scattering fluxes into the output shaft C and further under the sensors 6 of the gap sizes.

In the cross-sections along B-B and B-B of the spindle support in the bushings 10, power magnetic repulsors 11 are installed with a controlled repulsive force between these repulsors 11 and the magnets 8 of the shaft. Each power magnetic repeller 11 includes a magnet 9 made of closed magnetic material, for example, ferrite or rare earth magnetic material with a coercive force of up to 400 kA/m and an energy of up to 25,000 J/m3. Such magnets do not undergo demagnetization in strong magnetic fields (Y. M. Pyatyn, Permanent magnet, reference book, M.:

From Znergiya, 1980).

The magnets 9 of the power magnetic repellers are installed in the screens 12, which are made of a magnetic material, which also ensures the concentration of their magnetic flux in the gaps between the magnet 8 of the shaft and these magnets 9.

The magnets U are moved by piezoelectric motors 13. Piezoelectric motors 13 are installed in insulators 14.

The adjusting screw 15 serves to set the initial value of the gap between the magnet 9 of the power magnetic repeller and the magnet 8 of the shaft, and, therefore, to set the initial force of repulsion between them. Magnets 9 and magnets 8 of the shaft are directed to each other by poles of the same name.

In the cross-sections of the support along B-B and B-V along the axes of the ХРОБУБ and ХВОВУВ coordinate systems (Fig. 2), four power magnetic repulsors are installed, which in these sections of the shaft with 8 magnets of the shaft form power magnetic suspensions 16. Moreover, the axes of the coordinate systems ХРОБУБ and ХВОВУВ are parallel to the axes of the HOMA coordinate system, Power magnetic suspensions 16: - keep the shaft 2, 3, 4 of the support in a balanced state; - prevent displacement of the support shaft 2, 3, 4 from the given position under the action of radial load.

The device 17 for automatic control of the position of the shaft of the spindle support on permanent magnets (Fig. 4) includes a setter 18, which serves to set the specified value of the gaps under the 6 sensors of the values of the gaps established along the semi-axes XA and - MA of the HOMUA coordinate system in the section along A - A of the support (Fig. 3). From the output of the encoder 18, the signal enters the first inputs of the first differential amplifier 19 of the mismatch signal, the second differential amplifier 20 of the mismatch signal.

Differential amplifiers 19 and 20 produce mismatch signals that are proportional to the values of the gaps under the corresponding sensor b of the shaft position from the values of these gaps specified by the sensor 18. Signals from sensors b of the position of the support shaft are received at the inputs of the first gauge 21 of the amount of the gap and the second gauge of the amount of the gap 22. The signals of the meters 21 and 22 are supplied to the second inputs of the differential amplifiers 19 and 20 of the mismatch signals, respectively. Microdisplacement meters are used as gauges of gap sizes, the measurement error of which does not exceed 10-3-10- of the size of the gap being measured (Grynevych B.F. Mzmeritelnye kompensatsionno-mostovye podrasa s emkostnyi zadzkadymy, Kyiv,: Naukova Dumka, 1987).

From the outputs of the first differential amplifier 19 of the mismatch signal, the signal enters the inputs of the amplifiers 23 and 24, and from their outputs through the switch 25 - to the piezoelectric motors 13 of the power magnetic repulsors installed along the semi-axes of the "X and -XR, "XV and -Xe systems coordinates

ХРОБУБ and ХВОВУВ, Piezoelectric 13 power magnetic repulsors 11, which are installed along one axis of coordinate systems, are powered in antiphase. Depending on the direction of the gap change, the magnet 9 of one of the power magnetic repulsors approaches the magnet 8 of the shaft and increases the repulsion force, and the second one moves away from the magnet 8 of the shaft and reduces the repulsion force. As a result, shaft 2, 3, 4 will take a given position along this coordinate axis under the action of repulsive forces.

From the outputs of the second differential amplifier 20 of the mismatch signal, the signal enters the inputs of the amplifiers 26 and 27, and from their outputs through the switch 25 - to the piezoelectric motors 13 of the power magnetic repulsors 11, installed along the semi-axes --8 and -УВ, -уВ | - MV of coordinate systems ХВОВУВ and ХВОВУВ, 28 - face washer installed on the output shaft 4.

Moreover, the output of the encoder 18 is connected to the first inputs of the first differential amplifier 19 of the misalignment signal and the second differential amplifier 20 of the misalignment signal, the sensor b of the position of the spindle support shaft on permanent magnets, installed along the -X" half-axis of the X"OLU" coordinate system, with connected to the first gauge 21 of the amount of the gap, and its output is connected to the second input of the first differential amplifier 19 of the mismatch signal, the first and second outputs of the first differential amplifier 19 of the mismatch signal are connected to the inputs of the amplifiers 23 and 24, the outputs of the amplifiers 23 and 24 through switches 25 "on - off" connected to piezoelectric motors 13, power magnetic repulsors 11, installed along the X5 and XV axes of the KhROBUB and KhVOVUV coordinate systems, a spindle support shaft position sensor 6 on permanent magnets, installed along the U semi-axis of the X"OMUA coordinate system, connected to by the second gauge 22 of the amount of the gap, and its output is connected to the second input of the second differential amplifier 20 of the mismatch signal, the first and second outputs of the second differential amplifier 20 of the mismatch signal are connected to the inputs of amplifiers 26 and 27, the outputs of amplifiers 26 and 27 through switches 25 "on - off" connected to the piezoelectric motors 13 of the power magnetic repulsors 11, installed along the Y and UV axes of the HOBUB and HOBUB coordinate systems,

The permanent magnet spindle support works as follows. Switches 25 on. - off set to the on position. and connect the gauges 23, 24, 26, 27 to the piezoelectric motors 13 of the power magnetic repulsors 11. A pair of piezoelectric motors 13 of the power magnetic repulsors, installed along one coordinate axis, is oppositely connected to the corresponding piezoelectric motors.

At the output of the encoder 18, a voltage is set, which is equal to the output voltages of the gauges 211122 at the calculated value of the gap under the position sensors 6 of the shaft 2, 3, 4 of the spindle support.

According to the readings of the gauges 21 and 22 of the gap values, the adjusting screws 15 move the magnets 8 of the power magnetic repulsors 11, and therefore the shafts 2, 3, 4 of the support, under the sensors 6 of the position of the support shaft, installed in the cross-section along A-A of the support, the calculated values are set gaps

Let the clearance under the radial load sensor b of the position of the support shaft, established along the X-axis of the X'OMUH coordinate system in the cross-section along A-A of the spindle support on the permanent magnets of the support, become larger. Consequently, the voltage at the second input of the differential amplifier 19 will increase. as a result, a potential difference occurs at the output of the differential amplifier 19. The voltage from the outputs of the differential amplifier 19 through the amplifiers 23 and 24 is supplied to the piezoelectric motors 13 of the force magnetic repulsors 11, installed along the X5 and XV axes of the KhROBU5 and KhVOVUV coordinate systems in cross-sections along B-B and B-B supports.

As a result, piezoelectric motors 13 power magnetic repulsors 11, installed along the semi-axis -X? and -CR lengthens. The clearances between the magnet 8 of the shaft and the magnets 9 of the power magnetic repellers decrease, and, therefore, the force of repulsion between them increases.

Piezoelectric motors 13 power magnetic repulsors 11 installed along the semi-axes

ЖХБ ЖХ ХВ, are shortened. The gaps between the magnets 8 of the shaft and the magnets 9 of the power magnetic repellers increase, and the force of repulsion between them decreases.

Under the action of repulsive forces, the shaft 2, 3, 4 of the support will shift in the direction of the semi-axes "Xe" and "XV" and will occupy the initial position.

To increase the lifting force and rigidity of the spindle support on permanent magnets, four groups of four groups 29, 30, 31, 32 can be installed on permanent magnets in the cross-sections of the support along B-B and B-V along the axes of the HROBUB and HVOVUV coordinate systems (Fig. 5). , 33, 34, 35, 36 parallel-connected power magnetic repellers, which form power magnetic suspensions with 3 magnets of 8 shafts.

Each group of force magnetic repulsors is set symmetrically relative to the axes of the mentioned coordinate systems ХРОБУБ and ХВОВУВ,

Claims (2)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. Spindle support on permanent magnets, which includes sensors for the position of the support shaft, power magnetic repulsors, a device for automatic control of the position of the support shaft, which is characterized by the fact that the shaft of the spindle support is made folded and includes an output shaft, a bearing shaft and a shank, along the edges of the bearing shaft magnets are installed in the shields in the form of a hollow cylinder with poles on the inner and outer side surfaces, in the bushings installed in the spindle support housing on permanent magnets, above the shaft magnets in the B-B and B-B sections of the spindle support along the axes of the coordinate systems ХБОБУБ и ХВОВУВ 20 are equipped with four power magnetic repellers, each power magnetic repeller includes a permanent magnet installed in a screen made of magnetic material, a piezoelectric motor installed in a ceramic insulator and an adjusting screw, and the permanent magnets of the power magnetic repellers have their poles directed towards shaft magnets of the same name, power magn separate repulsors and a shaft magnet, which are installed in one section of the support, form a power magnetic suspension of the spindle support shaft on permanent magnets, in the housing of the spindle support on permanent magnets in the cross-section along A-A above the output shaft in the ceramic sleeve along the XA half-axes of its UA systems coordinates X"ОУХ", the axes of which are parallel to the axes of the ХРОБУБ and ХВОВУВ coordinate systems, sensors for the position of the spindle support shaft on permanent magnets are installed, the device for automatic control of the position of the spindle Зо support shaft on permanent magnets includes a encoder, the first differential amplifier of the misalignment signal, the second differential signal amplifier misalignment, first gap gauge, second gap gauge, amplifiers, switch on. - off, piezoelectric motors of power magnetic repellers, and the position sensors of the spindle support shaft on permanent magnets are electrically connected to piezoelectric motors 35 of power magnetic repellers, and the output of the encoder is connected to the first inputs of the first differential amplifier of the mismatch signal, of the second differential amplifier of the misalignment signal, the sensor of the position of the shaft of the spindle support on permanent magnets, installed along the XA half-axis of the X"OMUH coordinate system, is connected to the first gauge of the amount of the gap, and its output is connected to the second input of the first differential 40 amplifier of the misalignment signal, the first and second outputs of the first differential amplifier of the mismatch signal are connected to the inputs of the amplifiers, the outputs of the amplifiers through the "on" switches. - off" connected to piezoelectric motors of power magnetic repulsors installed along the ХБ and ХВ axes of the KhROBUB and ХВОВУВ coordinate systems, the spindle support shaft position sensor on permanent magnets, installed along the UA semi-axis of the 45 coordinate system of the ЧАОСУ, connected with the second gauge of the amount of the gap, and its output is connected to the second input of the second differential amplifier of the mismatch signal, the first and second outputs of the second differential amplifier of the mismatch signal are connected to the inputs of the amplifiers, the outputs of the amplifiers through the switches "on. - off" connected to piezoelectric motors of power magnetic repulsors installed along the U8 and UB axes of the 50 KhROBUB and KhVOVUV coordinate systems, 2. Spindle support on permanent magnets according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that groups of parallel-connected power magnetic repulsors are installed in the cross-sections along B-B and G-G along the axes of the KhROBU5 and KhVOVUV coordinate systems.