UA67933A - An appliance for preliminary treatment of polluted surface waters - Google Patents

Abstract

An appliance for preliminary treatment of pollutedsurface water in the form of floating container consisting of body with charge and floats, system ofwater supply to container, aeration system. In thecontainer body there are disposed additionally upper distribution compartment, and also filter, residue withdrawal and passage compartments. The charge is made in the form of natural and artificial nozzles, moreover the body has a system of residue withdrawal from waterway bottom and charge regeneration, and is closed by floating carpet from above.

Description

Description of the invention

The intended invention relates to devices for cleaning surface water and can be used 2 to intensify the work of water treatment facilities when taking water from polluted surface sources, as well as to improve the efficiency of biological ponds.

A known method of cleaning surface water, which includes treatment of water in a reservoir with the help of molluscs of the genus Apodopia Opio |Copyright of the USSR. Mo1011558, cl. MKY?: 32 E3/34, published on 04/15/83.

The use of the known method is associated with the need to build reservoirs with a depth of 1.5-2.5 m, as well as with large operational costs. Another disadvantage of the known method is the periodicity of the constructions.

The closest, in terms of technical essence, to the claimed invention is a floating nitrification reactor, which is used to purify water in a pond, in the form of a floating container containing a housing with loading, an aeration system, floats and a system for supplying water to the container (Patent PCT ( UUO). Mo94/06720 (prototype), kl. MKI?: СО2ЕЗ/06, published 31.03.94).

The disadvantages of this device include the lack of a sediment removal system from the container, the lack of loading regeneration and a low degree of water purification.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the device for the preliminary treatment of polluted surface water, in which the upper distribution compartment, filter compartments, sediment inlet and outlet compartments, the installation of nozzles from artificial and natural loads, as well as the installation of a bunker under the hull for collecting and removal of sediment, provide an increase in the load on the floating container in terms of organic substances for the biomass of microorganisms, cultivation of microorganisms useful for humans, a decrease in the share of inert biomass in the total biomass of hydrobionts that is retained, this ensures self-regeneration of loading, removal of sediments, which allows to reduce the internal load on the reservoir and increase the degree of water purification.

The task is solved by the fact that in the device for preliminary treatment of polluted surface water, "in the form of a floating container, which includes a body equipped with loading and floats, a system for supplying water to the container and an aeration system, according to the invention, the following cancellations are provided: - in the body of the container the upper distribution compartment and the filtering compartments, the sediment removal and the passage compartment are additionally located; - the loading of the container is carried out in the form of natural and artificial nozzles; o - the body supplied with a sediment removal system from the bottom of the watercourse and from the regeneration of loading; b - the body is covered with a floating carpet from above.

In addition, for the purpose of stable operation of the device in the winter period, the housing is equipped with distribution equipment.

Зз5 for the introduction of reagents. co

The device is explained by the drawings, where: - in Fig. 1 - a cross-section of a watercourse with a floating container (in section); - Fig. 2 shows the layout of floating containers on the watercourse plan; - Fig. 3 shows a technological diagram of water preparation from contaminated surface sources; 20 - Fig. 4 shows a graph of nitrogen removal over time. - c The device for preliminary treatment of contaminated surface water consists of: housing 1; upper compartment 2; biological cleaning compartment 3, filled with nozzles 4 in the form of an artificial load, made in the shape of a "herringbone tree"; filtration compartment 5 with nozzle b made of natural material; nozzle for draining purified water 7; water-air mixture supply systems 8; passage compartment 9; sediment removal compartment 10, equipped with an inclined plate 11, made with holes 2; 1-5 mm and installed at an angle of 60", and

Ge" with an inclined plate 12, as well as a sediment discharge nozzle 13; a hopper for collecting sediment 14, equipped with a perforated inclined plate 15, an inclined plate 16 and a pipe 17 that leads away; flexible hose 18, - ropes 19, supports 20, floats 21, ducts 22, floating carpet 23 and a system of distribution equipment for

Ge) introduction of reagents 24.

The device works as follows. o During the operation of the device, three direct streams of water and sediment are distinguished. 4) Stream I characterizes the flow regime of natural water in the watercourse.

Flow II corresponds to the direction of the water that is purified in the body 1 of the device through loading 4, compartment 9 and loading 6.

The flow of III shows the direction of sediment in the device through the compartment 10 and the hopper 14.

Natural water from the stream is mixed with air 22 and supplied to the hull 1 of the float by system 8

P of the container (Fig. 1). Entering the middle part of the compartment C, the water-air mixture, on the one hand, comes into contact with the biocenosis attached to the artificial nozzle 4, and on the other hand, due to the turbulence of the flow I, ensures the separation of part of the attached microorganisms and their transition to a slow-floating state. The very design of the nozzle contributes to the sliding of excess biomass from the loading surface. Due to the fact that the hydraulic coarseness of the biofilm of attached microorganisms, which has detached, is greater than that of slow-moving sludge, the biocenosis of attached microorganisms gradually increases the total number of working organisms. The biocenosis of attached microorganisms is formed from both fast-growing and slow-growing microorganisms.

To prevent the attachment of algae in the nozzle 4, the body 1 is shaded from above with a floating carpet 23. 65 Due to the lack of light, the algae do not attach to the artificial load, but slide into the compartment 10.

According to laboratory studies, the period of stay in the biological cleaning compartment 4 should not exceed 4 hours (Fig. 4). A further increase in time causes the predominance of nitrification processes and partial contamination of water with oxidized forms of nitrogen.

The purified water rises to the upper compartment 2, where it is additionally saturated with air coming from the atmosphere through the floating carpet 23, and goes to the passage compartment 9, in the form of a water seal. This allows for partial separation of water from sediments before filtering in nozzle 6, which is made of natural material, such as modified dolomite. This material provides additional nutrition for microorganisms that are harmless to humans and helps inhibit the reproduction of bacteria in the filter medium.

The effectiveness of the biochemical processes that take place in housing 1 directly depends on the temperature. When the temperature increases by 70 by 107, the speed of these processes increases by 2-3 times, and at low temperatures, many microbes enter the stage of anabiosis, which causes a decrease in the efficiency of pre-treatment of water. To maintain the required loads on floating containers in the cold season of the year, reagents (coagulants, flocculants) are introduced into the natural load 6 through the distribution device 24.

To ensure the efficient operation of the device at any time of the year, the volumes of the biological cleaning compartment

With and filtration compartment 5 should be in a ratio of 5:1, respectively.

Filtered water is removed from compartment 5 through nozzle 7. Further water purification can be performed in two ways.

Option A. When equipping biological ponds with floating containers, water moves in an artificially created pond - a watercourse successively through several containers and returns back to the pond. The number of containers 2o depends on the degree of contamination of the source water (Fig. 2).

Option B. When using water for drinking purposes, after cleaning in a series of multi-stage floating containers, it is directed to preliminary disinfection, treatment with reagents, settling, filtering, biosorption cleaning and final disinfection (Fig. 3). To reduce the formation of organochlorine substances in purified water during preliminary disinfection, ozonation or the use of catalytic loading may be recommended |Kovalenko N.A., Kochetkov A.Yu., Parshina E.L. and others

Adsorption-catalytic disinfection of drinking water // ZKVATEK -2002. - P.2671|. "

Sediments that are formed in the body 1 settle to the bottom of the sediment hopper 10, pass through the plate 11, fall on the plate 12 of the sediment compartment 10 and are directed to the drain pipe 13. The settled water from the compartment 10 through the holes of the plate 11 returns to the biological treatment compartment 3. c z o Providing housing 1 with a sediment removal system guarantees their rapid removal, especially particles of organic origin, the biological decomposition of which in water can dramatically increase operating costs at the o stage of bringing water quality to the required level for a water treatment plant (WTP). Gee!

Sediments from the watercourse together with excess sludge pass through the perforated plate 15 and slide along the inclined plate 16 to the outlet pipe 17, the settled sediments are pumped out of the pallet 14 through the pipe c. call (Se)

To prevent shaking of sediments, the pallet 14 is fixed with anchors and legs 20 to the bottom of the watercourse.

The body 1 is equipped with floats 21 on top to give it buoyancy, which provides the possibility of effective operation of the device at different water levels.

The use of the proposed device for the supply of watercourses of operating treatment plants, when taking water "from polluted surface sources through the system of floating containers, will allow, at expenses of no more than 595 s from the cost of the treatment plant, to increase its productivity by 3595, to increase the efficiency of water purification from organic impurities, especially during the "flowering" period of water in reservoirs and watercourses.

Claims (2)

;" Formula of the invention (22) 1. A device for preliminary treatment of contaminated surface water, in the form of a floating container, which - contains a housing with loading and floats, a system for supplying water to the container, an aeration system, which is characterized by the fact that next to the biological treatment compartment there are additionally located a passage compartment and a compartment filtering, and the biological treatment compartment is connected to the filtering compartment through a passage o compartment, the compartments are connected from the bottom through an inclined plate with holes to the sediment removal system, while the "Fo" body has a load regeneration system and is covered with a floating carpet from above. 2. The device according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the housing is equipped with distribution equipment for the introduction of reagents. R 60 b5