UA64773C2 - A microfertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to production of mineral fertilizers and may be used in agriculture in treatment of seed of different crops before sowing, and also for additional fertilizing the plants in and outside the roots. According to the invention the microfertilizer contains following microelements: Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, Co, Mo and others, complexing compound containing either carboxylic groups of one of acids of polyaminopolyacetic group or phosphonic groups of one of acids of alkyl phosphonic group and as complexing agent - polybasic organic acid at the following ratio of complexons: complexon based on carboxylic or phosphonic groups - 50-80 % by weight, polybasic organic acid - 50-20 % by weight. The invention allows to use the microfertilizer on soils with a very wide range of рН and modify the duration of function thereof in the soil depending on needs of a specific type of plant.

Description

The invention relates to the production of mineral fertilizers and can be used in agriculture for the pre-sowing treatment of seeds of various field crops, as well as for root and foliar feeding of plants.

One of the real measures to further increase the yield of agricultural crops is the balanced supply of plants with all the necessary nutrients. It is especially important to use, along with the main macroelements (nitrogen - M, phosphorus - P, potassium - K), also microelements (ME), the biological role of which is currently appropriate and generally accepted (1, 2). An acute lack of ME or their presence in the soil in a form inaccessible to plants leads to a decrease in the level of damage, disease or even death of plants. In addition, when harvesting, a significant amount of ME is removed from the soil, which must be replenished.

Elements 7p, Si, Mi, Mp, So, Mo and others, necessary for the normal life of plants, are called "elements of life" |Z). Their presence in plants and soil generally does not exceed thousandths of a percent. However, ME has a very important role in the feeding process. Microelements do not replace, but complement the action of the main components of macrofertilizers: M, R, K.

Thus, all the plants of all rural areas cultures need constant replenishment of ME, which must be introduced in a biologically active form and have the ability to be easily transported and absorbed. In this case, the use of inorganic metal salts, as is sometimes the case in production, is not expedient and economically and ecologically unjustified.

In modern conditions, complex metal complexes (chelates) (complex combinations of metals with complexons) are widely used with success to provide nutrients to cultivated plants (1). Due to the presence of the last number of advantages and valuable properties: non-toxic, fairly easily soluble in water, highly stable in a wide pH range, characterized by insignificant adsorption by the soil and also not destroyed by microorganisms, which allows trace elements to be in the soil solution for a long time (1, 21.

Carboxylic phosphorus-containing complexes form highly stable complexes with biometals (Ee, Si, Mn, 2p, Co, etc.). Physico-chemical study of the processes of complex formation with biometals and comparison with data of biologists and agrochemists showed that the influence of complexons on the behavior of biometals in the organism of plants and animals is similar to the stability constants of their complexes in solutions, i.e., in plants, general physico-chemical regularities are not violated

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The specificity of the properties of various soils and the complexity of the physiological processes occurring in plants leave a certain imprint on the action of biologically active complex compounds, therefore a wide range of them is necessary for differentiated application depending on the nature of the plants and the type of soil.

A number of microfertilizers are known, which are produced by various foreign companies: "Ketiga" (Finland), Ak2o Mobei! (Netherlands), Meiait (Israel) and others. In the former USSR, microfertilizers based on DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), PPPA (polyethylene polyamine polyacetate acid) were also produced. IN

I4Y gives the composition of microfertilizers based on OEDF (oxyethylenediphosphonic acid).

Microfertilizers are also proposed, which include certain microelements in various forms, both in the form of inorganic salts and in chelated form (41.

The closest in its technical essence is microfertilizer based on OEDF |5)|, which includes the following trace elements: boron - 2.5-3.0g/l, copper - 3.8-4.0g/l, zinc - 3.8 -4.0g/l, manganese - 7.3-8.0g/l, molybdenum - 0.5-0.7g/l, cobalt - 0.1-0.5g/l, and complexing element OEDF - 90- 100 g/l.

The main disadvantages of known microfertilizers, including the prototype, which are based on the use of metal complexes (chelates) of one or another acid are:

The solubility of bi- and polynuclear complexes is constant and, as a rule, quite low (mononuclear complexes dissolve quickly enough). When introduced into the soil, sparingly soluble complexes remain in the soil for quite a long time. However, sometimes the length of this time exceeds the period necessary for the full maturation of plants, and under such conditions, the effectiveness of microfertilizers decreases somewhat.

A significant variety of soils, especially in Ukraine, requires effective application of microfertilizers in the widest range of soil pH. The use of one complexing agent causes the limitation of the working range of soil pH.

The properties of different soils and the complex physiological processes that occur in plants make it necessary to produce a wide range of microfertilizers for their differentiated application depending on the nature of the plants (type of plants, period and period of maturation, etc.) and the nature of the soil.

The purpose of this invention is to eliminate the indicated shortcomings and create such a microfertilizer that contains the necessary set of microelements and a complexing agent, which will allow it to be used on different soils and in a wide range of soil pH, and has and causes such a solubility of metal complexes that ensures the continuous consumption of microelements by plants continuously during the entire vegetation period of growth and development.

One of the important ways to increase the effectiveness of microfertilizers, which contributes to increasing the yield of agricultural crops and at the same time reduces losses and costs of their introduction, is the regulation of the process of the entry of the considered elements into the soil solution, that is, based on the principle of application, combinations of fast-dissolving fertilizers and with prolonged action

The specified degree of solubility of microfertilizers allows you to apply the strictly necessary amount depending on the needs of specific plants.

One of the most common methods of obtaining microfertilizers, which contain a combination of microelements in a slowly dissolved form, is the melting of the initial components and the formation of vitreous substances. Abroad, such fertilizers are called fritti. When using it, an increased amount of microfertilizers, which are designed for prolonged action, are introduced into the soil. This leads to significant one-time costs and makes it difficult to calculate the need for trace elements consumed by plants. Other methods of regulating the degree of solubility of microfertilizers are not used in modern conditions.

The main goal of this invention is to create such a microfertilizer, which can be used on different soils and in a wide range of soil pH based on the composition of microelements, and has such a solubility of metal complexes that provides the plant with continuous consumption of the necessary amount of microelements throughout the entire period of their growth and development.

To achieve this goal, a well-known microfertilizer containing trace elements zinc, copper, iron, manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, boron (7p, Cy, Mi, Mp, Co, Mo, B) and a complex-forming compound that will contain either carboxyl groups of one of the acid polyaminopolyacetate group (the most common of them: ethylenediamine-M,M,M',M'-tetraacetova-

EDTA, daiplegaryamino-M,M,M',M",M'-penocetova-DTPA, 2,Z3-dihydroxybutylene-1,4-diamine-M,M,M'M'-tetraacetate-DBTA, ethylenediamine-M/ M'-diocet-EDCA or phosphonic groups of one of the acids of the alkydphosphonic group (the most common of them: 1-hydroxyethylidenedirosphonic-OeEDdDF, nitriletri(methylenephosphonic)-NTF) - additionally introduced as a complexing substance - a very basic organic acid, for example, citric, with such a ratio of complexones: a complexone based on carboxyl or phosphonic groups 50-80905, a very basic organic acid (

lemon) - 50-2095.

As mentioned above, a feature of complexons, in particular, phosphorus-containing ones, is the tendency to form both soluble mononuclear complexes and slightly soluble bi- and polynuclear complexes of metals. Sparingly soluble complexes! are of some practical interest: when applied to the soil, they provide an equilibrium concentration of complexonate, which allows prolonging its effect. Using complexonates of many basic organic acids, on the contrary, stirs the equilibrium concentration in the opposite direction. Using different combinations of these complexing agents, it is possible to obtain microfertilizers that provide the need of specific plants in trace elements and taking into account the compounds (presence of trace elements and pH4:9) of soils. The proposed microfertilizer can be used for growing plants not only in open ground, but also in soil mixtures, solid soil substitutes, as well as for growing agricultural crops on hydroponics.

The composition of a particular microfertilizer based on metal complexonates depends mainly on two factors: on the type of agricultural plant and on the quantitative composition of microelements in the pear of a particular user. The influence of each trace element on this or that agricultural plant is described in sufficient detail in the literature. For example, for wheat, copper ions contribute to an increase in the composition of proteins, and for corn, a large amount of copper in a pear can even suppress its growth. The proposed microfertilizers are designed for different cultures and differ from each other only in the quantitative composition of microelements. In general, the varieties of the proposed compositions of microfertilizers fit into the quantitative values of microelements given in Table 1

Table 1

The name of indicators, units of measurement, norm, liquid | powder about the pH of the product.d//// | 5585 | ЩД- 2. Density of g/sme OMVO o, no more o, no more o, no more

The songs were not carried

Mp), 95, not more than " (Mo), 9o, not more than " and (Co), 9o, not more than " and iron (Re), 95, not more than 10. Mass fraction of potassium (sodium) lemon salt 18.1 52.4 acids; 95, no more than 11. Mass fraction of dipotassium (disodium) salt 17.85 71.4

ODTSF, 95, no more than 12. Water dbnemenshe | 65 | -

You will conduct field tests of the effectiveness of the proposed microfertilizer on various crops.

A micro-fertilizer containing 7p, Cy, Mp, Mo, Co, and boron complexes was used. OEDF acid and citric acid in a ratio of 70:30 were used as a complexing agent. The test results are given in Table 2.

Table 2

Winter wheat Crop treatment 32.6

Sugar beet Processing of crops 466

Potato Crop processing 77111798... | ... 302

It should be noted that along with the increase in the level of productivity of the specified crops, there is a significant increase in the quality indicators of products. Thus, the content of gluten in wheat increased by 395, the sugar content in beets - by 1.395, the starch content in potatoes - by 1.695.

The dosage of microfertilizers is approximately as follows: pre-sowing treatment of seeds - 5-8 kg per 1 ton of seeds, treatment of crops - 5-1Okg/ha.

References: 1. Dyatlova IM, Temkina VL, Popov KY. Complex and complex! metals M., Chemistry, 1988, 544 p.; 2. Application of complexes in agriculture. Review ser. "Reactive and especially pure substances".

M. NIITZKHIM.,... 1984. 316.

3. Williams D.

Metall zhizni, M., Myr., 1975.

4. A.s. 1757497 (USSR)

5. "Mikrokompleks" concentration complex of microelements. Technical conditions of TU 13-08-25-90. Khimprom, 1990.

Claims (1)

Microfertilizer containing trace elements: zinc, copper, iron, manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, boron and a complexing compound that contains either carboxyl groups of one of the acids of the polyaminopolyacetic group or phosphonic groups of one of the acids of the alkylphosphonic group, which is distinguished by the fact that it additionally contains as a complexing agent polybasic organic acid, with this ratio of complexones, wt. 9o: complexone based on carboxyl or phosphonic groups - 50-80, polybasic organic acid - 50-20.