UA63853A - System for registering utilities and energy meters used in the system - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed system for registering utilities contains electric meters, which are installed at power consumption locations, and a data acquisition and control subsystem containing a central data acquisition unit, intermediate data acquisition units, and units for polling the electric meters. Each of the units for polling the electric meters is connected to the electric meters, via the communication lines, and the corresponding intermediate data acquisition unit. Each of the electric meters contains a voltage transducer, a current transducer, hot water, cold water, and gas flow rate meters, an isolating elements, a communication line interface, a control unit, a data indicator, and an indicator of unsettled electric power.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the field of measuring technology and is used for accounting of various types of utility 2 services in systems of commercial accounting of consumption of gas, hot and cold water, and electricity. The invention can be used in utilities for household consumers, in industry, at enterprises and in organizations.

The problem of frugal use of energy resources is becoming increasingly acute due to the depletion of natural sources of raw materials, the increase in the cost of extraction, processing and transportation, changes in consumption norms, which imposes 70 strict requirements on the operational characteristics of accounting tools. The invention is focused on monitoring the consumption of water, gas, and electricity, but it can also be used for other systems and is aimed at a fully automated survey of many meters, excluding human errors in such cases. The invention will make it possible to carry out consistent remote monitoring of indicators of various types of sensors using a portable processor or a regular personal computer, as well as to provide an indication of non-payment or 79 underpayment for consumed services.

A device for accounting for utility services with a variable tariff is known according to RF patent 2134865 (V.A. Lachkov and others), published on August 20, 1999. The invention relates to the field of measuring and computing technology and is used for accounting for various types of utility services. The technical result of the use of the invention consists in expanding the functionality by providing reconfiguration depending on the type of services and regions, as well as in simplifying the implementation of the device. The device contains channels consisting of a pulse converter, a counting device and a counter, as well as a parameter determination unit, a non-volatile memory unit and a display. However, this device does not provide an indication of non-payment of the tariff or reduction of consumption by the consumer, it is difficult to operate and cannot work fully automatically.

A well-known autonomous system of reading and recording data for water, gas, electricity consumption control systems, which has a high speed of action. The system includes flowmeters, storage units, means of data reading and transmission, and a central computer. Each storage unit is made in the form of a pulse accumulator with an independent power source and its own identification code (RF patent 2100846).

A counting device for energy consumption accounting devices is known, containing a device for removing information, an electronic device for converting the number of revolutions of a sensitive element into the amount of substance that has passed through the meter, and a unit for optimizing the transmission coefficient depending on the current consumption, an indication device (patent RF 2131115 С1 ). The meter has high sensitivity to small costs and low power consumption. co

The closest analogue to the claimed invention is the invention under RF patent 2141626 for a system for joint control of housing and communal information and services. The technical result, which is achieved by the closest analogue, consists in increasing the volume of information for the analysis of the state of housing and communal services systems. eh

The system includes gas consumption sensors, electricity meters, water and heat consumption sensors installed in apartments of residential buildings, microcontrollers, made with the ability to remember consumer data and determine the consumption of the corresponding service, equipped with autonomous power sources during the absence of mains power. WITH

However, the known system, despite all its advantages, is too complicated and expensive to be really implemented in the utility industry in the current economic situation. This system cannot

"Iz" to work in an automated mode, requires the mandatory presence of a dispatcher, does not provide information about non-payment for utility services and does not provide for the possibility of disconnecting or reducing the consumer's energy supply from the corresponding source. The well-known system uses a number of sensors and counters installed at one consumer and for each type of consumed energy resource. b The task solved by the claimed invention consists in simplifying operation, lowering the price, ensuring automatic operation, the possibility of preventing non-payment for consumed utility services.

The technical result achieved when using the claimed invention is the simplification and cheapening of operation when the number of controlled users is increased, as well as the possibility of accounting for all consumed 20 types of energy resources with one energy resource meter.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the utility accounting system includes energy resource meters installed at the points of consumption and a device for processing information and control coming from them, which includes central and intermediate concentrators, while the central concentrator is made with the possibility of direct connection of intermediate concentrators or communication with them via 29 communication channels, and intermediate concentrators are connected via four channels to the survey unit of energy resource meters. in. The technical result is achieved, in addition, due to the fact that the energy meter includes a current sensor, a voltage sensor, connected to the inputs of the power-to-frequency converter, the output of which and the sensor unit are connected to the corresponding first and second inputs of the control unit, to the third and fourth inputs - the outputs of which are connected through galvanic isolation blocks, respectively, the addresser and the polling block of the sensors, to the inputs of which the outputs of the sensors for accounting for the consumption of cold water, hot water and gas are connected, the first output of the control unit is connected to the controller connected to the liquid crystal indicator, the second output of the block control through the galvanic separation block is connected to the transmission device, and the third - to the non-payment indicator.

The technical result is enhanced due to the fact that the sensor survey unit is equipped with an emergency power supply device, which is connected when the mains power supply disappears.

The following example of a specific implementation of the accounting system allows for a more detailed explanation of the obtained technical result.

The essence of the invention and the possibility of achieving a technical result are explained by the attached drawings, where Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the energy resource meter included in the "Resource" system; Fig. 2 is an electrical diagram of the connection of the counter blocks; in fig. C - electrical diagram of the addressing unit; in fig. 4 - electrical diagram of the "Resource" system.

The utility accounting system "Resource" includes energy counters (Fig. 1), which include sensor survey block 1, to the inputs of which the outputs of hot and cold water flow sensors, as well as gas flow, are connected to the inputs, through the galvanic decoupling block of the survey block 1 is connected to the inputs-outputs 9 of the control unit 8. The voltage 10 and current sensors 11 are connected to the power-to-frequency conversion unit 12, the output of which is connected to the first input 13 of the control unit 8. The output of the sensor unit 15 is connected to the second input 14 of the control unit 8. Through the fourth group of inputs-outputs 16 of the control unit 8 and galvanic isolation unit 17 is connected to the control unit 8 addressing unit 18. The first output 19 of the control unit 8 is connected to the controller 20, which in turn is connected to the liquid crystal indicator 21. The second output 22 of the control unit 8 through the galvanic isolation unit 23 is connected with the transmitting device 24. The third output 25 of block 8 is connected to the non-payment indicator 26. Positions 2-6 in fig. 1 are not specified, as they are designations of technical communications.

The voltage sensors 10 and current 11 are designed to match the input signal levels with the converter circuit 12 (in Fig. 2 KT...K4, KU, K12 - are included in the voltage sensor; current transformer T and K5, K10, K11 of the figure - in the current sensor ); power-to-frequency converter 12 (02) is intended for multiplying the input values of current and voltage and converting the received power value into pulse frequency; meter control unit 8 (04) performs general meter control: calculates and remembers the value of consumed electrical energy for each tariff, displays all necessary messages, polls the sensor unit

DB 15, in order to display readings of consumed energy resources on the display, exchanges data with the sensor survey unit 1 and the addressing unit 18, recognizes commands (change in tariffs, non-payment, issue data) from the "Resource" system; the control unit is based on a microprocessor (see Zlektronica, M., Soviet encyclopedia, 1991, pp. 301-303); - the RKI controller 20 (03) provides regeneration of the image on the indicator 21, is a GRAPH controller from Misgospire; - display unit 21 (NI2) displays the indication of electricity consumption and the label of the displayed tariff, as well as service information (see Zlectronika, pages 136-137); so - the junction is necessary for the implementation of electrical safety requirements 7, 17, 23 (MT2, MTZ, MT401.ut4052); - transmission device 24 is necessary for checking meters (MT1); me) - the sensor block 15 allows you to view the readings of all tariffs and output official information about the state of the meter (button 5); - addressing block 18 (TA) is necessary for connecting counters into the system; - non-payment indicator 26 (NO 1) displays information about non-payment of the set tariff; - sensor survey unit 1 is necessary for counting pulses from counter sensors to obtain a measurement unit (cubic meter for water and gas), storing the obtained results and transmitting the latest ones to the control unit. The sensor circuit works as follows. Input values of current and voltage are supplied through current sensors 11 and voltage 12, respectively, to the power-to-frequency converter 12, the output pulses of which are registered;" by the control unit 8 of the counter and issued to the transmission device 24; at the same time, pulses are recalculated to obtain electrical energy measurement units. The accumulated amount of consumed electrical energy is stored in non-volatile memory in the cells designated for the current tariff, and at the same time

Ge" is displayed on the screen of the liquid crystal indicator 21. By influencing the sensor unit 15, you can view the readings of any tariff or consumed energy resource. o Tariffs are switched according to the commands of the "Resource" system. Addressing block 18 of the counter monitors

Go! bus status of the "Resource" system and allocates the command. Commands in the system are addressed (for a specific counter) and general (for all). The tariff switching command is common to everyone, and when this command is received, all meters must set the tariff transmitted by the system for themselves. Upon receipt of the 4) data collection command, all addressing units of 15 counters request the requested data from their control units of 8 counters and switch to waiting for their address on the buses of the "Resource" system, upon the appearance of which the counter addressing unit issues data to the system. Commands to set or remove non-payment will be received only by those counters whose address is indicated by the bystema. The sensor survey unit 1 counts pulses on each input and, when dialing the required number to obtain a unit of measurement (cubic meter), stores the received value in non-volatile memory and transmits it

P values in the control unit 8. In addition, data transmission from the sensor survey unit 1 occurs every minute and when power is supplied to the meter. When the voltage disappears, the sensor survey unit continues to work from the autonomous power supply 27. in The "RESOURCE" utility accounting system 28 (Fig. 4) consists of a central concentrator 29 (CC) - a remote unit that ensures the connection of intermediate concentrators 30 (CP), which connect individual consumers, electricity meters 34 and water meters 31, 33 and gas meters 32.

The central concentrator 29 is designed to collect data from intermediate concentrators 30 and transmit data to the dispatcher, for this it has two channels: for polling up to 90 KPs, K5485 is used with a total length of 65 communication lines E1...EZO up to 1.5 km (possible and other communication channels, for which modification of the CC with 5232 is provided); K5232 is provided for communication with the dispatcher.

Intermediate concentrators 30 are designed for interrogating up to 128 electric energy meters 34 ESO and EST of various modifications, both electricity only and combined, to which cold 31 and hot water sensors 33 are connected. The intermediate concentrator ZO has 4 channels for interrogating meters with a line length of up to 100 m each, for which up to 32 meters can be polled. The total address space of the CP is up to 128 counters.

The meters used in the system have their own addresses and transmit full readings with transmission control, so continuous polling is not required. Readings are taken once a day automatically or at the command of the dispatcher at any time. Combined counters poll sensors with line lengths of up to 15m, recalculate by 100 to form a cubic meter (sensors of 100 pulses of 1 7/0 cubic meters are used, at the request of the customer, this number can be changed during the meter manufacturing process) and the reading in cubic meters can be polled by the system . Sensor survey block 1 has an emergency power supply - block 27, so when the power goes out, pulse counting continues. Counters of modification 3.120 have 2 inputs for cold (Х8 and Х9) and hot (Х10 and Х11) water registers, and the readings are summed up for each pair of inputs. Two entrances are required in those apartments where there are two risers (in the kitchen and in the bathroom).

The location and number of hubs 29, 30 depends on the size and location of the buildings.

The typical configuration is as follows: a terminal block is installed on each floor, to which 4 apartments are connected, the terminal blocks are combined and connected to KP 30, which is installed one per entrance (in high-rise buildings, several). Then KP 30 between the entrances or houses are combined via K5485 channel and connected to KC 29, which is installed at the substation or in one of the buildings. The test of KC 29 can be a direct connection or via one of the communication channels: a modem, a SZM radio modem.

To ensure the operation of the Resource system, it is necessary to carry out preliminary work, for which it is necessary to program the hubs, both central and intermediate. In the central hub 29, it is necessary to set the current time and the polling time of the intermediate hubs 30. In the intermediate hub 30, it is necessary to set the current time, the polling time of the meters, the setting of tariffs (1...4) for 48 tariff zones and the mask of the presence of meters in the address space of the hubs . In addition, the dispatcher program must have a correspondence table of subscribers' postal addresses and meter addresses in the system's address space. "

The diagram shows the maximum configuration of the address space for one central hub 29.

In a real system, there can be up to 99 central hubs, and less than 90 intermediate hubs are connected to each central hub. Each intermediate hub is connected to less than 128 (Z z meters, that is, as needed.

The operation of the system begins with polling the counters at a certain time, set in the intermediate yuyu hubs

ZO, for which high-level signals 2RK, so

ZOM and CAM for powering the addressing blocks 18 counters, and after a time sufficient to start the addressing blocks 18, the 2RK bus is transferred to a low level and the necessary command is issued on the CAM bus accompanied by the ZOM signals, after which the 2RK bus is transferred to a high level . Counters for 0.3 sec. must "o prepare the data requested from them, after which the intermediate concentrator alternately issues the addresses of the counters, at a low level of the 2RK signal, on the CAM bus accompanied by the ZOM signal and downloads data from the meters on the CAM bus accompanied by the ZOM signals, but at a high signal level 2RK (the period of passage of ZOM pulses is approximately 1 ms). The received data from the counters are recorded in the RAM, and after checking for correct reception, they are rewritten "in the non-volatile memory." This procedure is performed for all types of energy resources and after polling all of the used address space, the intermediate hub 30 transfers all polling lines to low. level. If any meter did not respond to the request, the polling procedure is repeated for it 3 times, and in the case of a failure, a fault flag is set for this meter.

Every half hour, the intermediate hub transmits the tariff set for the new half hour to the meters (for all

meters), information about non-payment to each subscriber and, if there are meters with disconnection devices in the system, disconnection signals.

At a certain time, specified in the central hub 29, the latter polls the intermediate hubs about the ZO and, upon valid acceptance, records the data in the non-volatile memory. The data is ready for transmission to the dispatcher. By

Go! the dispatcher's commands received over the communication lines for the ХРІ1І КС socket, the necessary information on energy consumption is collected in one direction and the commands about non-payment, disconnection of subscribers and information about the new tariff switching table are transmitted in the other direction. 4) The claimed invention has indisputable advantages over the solutions known from the state of the art, which are as follows: 1. The process of surveying meters occurs automatically once a day and does not require constant 5 spoofing according to the readings, as well as the participation of the operator on duty. 2. Counters are connected to the accounting system of communal services and allow receiving information about all

P" types of consumed energy resources.

Claims (2)

The formula of the invention 1. The utility accounting system, which includes energy meters installed at the consumption points and a device for controlling and processing the information coming from them, which differs in that the processing and control device includes central and intermediate concentrators, while the central d5 concentrator is made with the possibility direct connection of intermediate concentrators or communication with them via communication channels, and each intermediate concentrator is connected to polling units of energy resources meters via four channels. 2. An energy resource meter that includes a current sensor, a voltage sensor, hot water, cold water and gas flow sensors, and a control unit, which is characterized by the fact that the current and voltage sensors are connected to the inputs of a power-to-frequency converter, the output of which is the output of the sensor unit are connected, respectively, to the first and second inputs of the control unit, to the third and fourth inputs-outputs of which, through the galvanic isolation units, the addressing unit and the sensor polling unit are connected, respectively, to the inputs of which the outputs of the cold water, hot water and gas flow sensors are connected, while the first output of the control unit is connected to the controller connected to the liquid crystal indicator, the second output of the control unit is connected to the transmission device through the galvanic isolation unit 70, and its third output is connected to the non-payment indicator. C. The meter according to claim 1, which differs in that the sensor survey unit is equipped with an emergency power supply device that is connected when the mains electricity fails, and has the ability to connect to the utility accounting system. « (ze) Zo yu (ee) (ze) (Se) - and? (o) (95) (ee) 1 syu» 60 b5