UA60887A - Breathing apparatus for inhaling gas mixtures - Google Patents

Abstract

The breathing apparatus for inhaling the gas mixtures comprises the partially open hypoxic and hyperoxic circuits, the locking and control-and-measuring devices, the source of the compressed air and gas distributor connected to the breathing masks through the gas lines. The apparatus comprises the closed hypercapnic circuit consisting of the breathing masks, the gas lines, the non-reverse exhaling and inhaling valves, the elastic bags, the gas analyzer for oxygen and carbon dioxide, the gas line for supplying the hyperoxic gas mixture, the collector of the air flow connected with interface.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to medical equipment, namely to devices for breathing gas mixtures and can be used for conducting therapeutic sessions for the purpose of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of the body and for studying the functional capabilities of the body, in particular in sports.

The well-known "Device for obtaining respiratory mixtures" (Patent of Ukraine Mo417, MKI 5 A 61 m 10/16, 1993,

Bul.Mo1!), which contains a sequentially installed source of compressed air, a block of filters and a membrane gas separator, connected by a gas pipeline of both hypoxic and hyperoxic gas mixtures with breathing 70 masks.

The disadvantages of this device are as follows: it is designed for one patient; when switching gaseous breathing mixtures, the effect of the previous mixture is observed for some time, which is reflected in the purity of the method of influence of a particular type of breathing mixture on the body. t A significant drawback of the above-mentioned device (Patent Mo 417) is the lack of a breathing mixture with an increased content of carbon dioxide (CO), which can be used as an admixture to a hypoxic breathing mixture, or independently.

The well-known "Carbon dioxide inhaler" (Patent of Ukraine Mo35853, MKI b Ab1 M16/00, 2001, Byul.Mo3), intended for general improvement of the body, prevention and rehabilitation, consists of a breathing mask and a bag for storing exhaled air, which are structurally connected in one rigid case, the upper part of which is made in the form of a face mask, and the lower part is closed by a bottom with holes, on which filters are located that absorb moisture, oxygen and carbon dioxide. When exhaling, one part of the air goes out through the holes into the surrounding atmosphere, and the other part of it remains in the middle and stays there until the start of the next inhalation, and then it is re-inhaled together with a portion of fresh air. This is how a 29 therapeutic mixture is formed, which contains an increased concentration of CO." "

The disadvantages of this inhaler are that the respiratory mixture in the middle of the inhaler, which is intended for inhalation, is not only a mixture with an increased concentration of CO, but is also supplemented with a hypoxic (low oxygen concentration) mixture. It is formed in the lungs and with each exhalation the oxygen concentration decreases; - there is no control over CO concentration." An increased concentration of CO" poses a danger to humans; (ee) does not have the ability to determine the nature of the increase in CO concentration over time and the intensity of breathing. Functional capabilities of the body can be determined by these indicators; so the rigid design of the inhaler body affects exhalation resistance. A variable capacity is needed, which will stabilize the pressure in the capacity during exhalation by changing its volume.

The prototype was chosen "Hypotron Breathing Device with Hypoxic Mixtures" (Patent of Ukraine Mo45082, MKI 7 th

Ab1 M16/00, 2002 Bull.Mo3), containing a connecting element, an inhalation line with an oxygen gas analyzer, an exhalation line with an exhalation valve and a carbon dioxide adsorber, and both lines are connected to a hermetic elastic container, injection and suction units, and a control unit, the first input of which is connected to " at the output of the gas analyzer, and the outputs are connected to the drives of the injection and suction units, and the inhalation line of the device contains an air blower that simultaneously performs the functions of the inhalation valve and the gas mixture mixer, and the device is additionally equipped with a converter of linear displacements of the container that performs the functions of a sensor the volume of breathing, the output of which is connected to the third input of the control unit and the oxygen supply unit, the compressor drive and solenoid valve of which is connected to the second and fifth outputs of the control unit, compressor drives and solenoid valves of the suction units and injection b» 395 The significant disadvantages of the "Hypotron" device are: the breathing volumes, which are fixed by the converter of linear displacements of the capacity, will be determined with (а) errors, when the units of suction, injection and supply of oxygen will be in working mode; so the quality of the hypoxic mixture during inhalation depends on the efficient operation of the adsorber and the oxygen supply unit; ee) 50 does not provide for the use of this device for breathing with other gas mixtures, in particular hypoxic or hyperoxic gas mixtures to enhance the proposed therapeutic effect; frequent replacement of carbon dioxide adsorbent.

The invention is based on the task of improving the device for breathing with gas mixtures, which provides various breathing mixtures, the stable quality of which is constantly monitored, and the effect of the action of each breathing mixture can be analyzed over time during the reception sessions. in. The task is accomplished by the fact that in the device for breathing with gas mixtures, which contains semi-open hypoxic and hyperoxic circuits, shut-off-regulating and control-measuring devices, a source of compressed air, a gas distributor, which is connected through gas lines to breathing masks, as new, a closed device is introduced into the device hypercapnic (increased CO 5 concentration) circuit, which consists of a breathing mask, gas pipelines, non-reversible inhalation and exhalation valves, elastic bags, gas analyzers for oxygen (O»5) and carbon dioxide (CO5), a gas pipeline for a hyperoxic breathing mixture, an air flow receiver ( tube

Fleisch) for measuring the respiratory volume during exhalation, the analysis tubes of which are connected to the interface, with the help of which the parameters of external breathing can be analyzed in a computer program. A closed hypercapnic circuit using the reverse breathing method provides an increase in the CO 2 concentration in the breathing mixture inhaled by the body with each exhalation.

Hypoxic and hyperoxic circuits are made separately, which allows them to be used simultaneously by different patients.

In the hypoxic and hyperoxic circuits, elastic bags are provided on the inhalation line, which, thanks to the change in volume, stabilize the resistance during exhalation. Also, non-reversible inhalation and exhalation valves are installed on the inhalation - exhalation of the hypoxic and hyperoxic circuits, which open - close in accordance with the breathing cycles, thereby preventing mixing of respiratory mixtures.

The hypoxic and hyperoxic circuits on the exhalation line are equipped with air flow receivers, the analysis tubes of which are connected to the interface, with the help of which the parameters of 7/0 External respiration can be analyzed in the computer program.

The introduction into the device of the listed elements and new connections between the elements of the device ensures the autonomy of the hypoxic, hyperoxic and hypercapnic circuits, their stability, the purity of breathing mixtures, the ability to analyze the parameters of external breathing both during the procedures and when determining the therapeutic effect at the end of the course of prevention , treatment and rehabilitation of the body, as well as at 7/5 study of the body's functional capabilities.

In fig. the general functional scheme of the device is presented.

The hypoxic circuit consists of a removable breathing oro-nasal mask 1, non-reversible valves for inhalation 2 and exhalation Z, which are arranged in one body, a shut-off ball valve 5, elastic bags 6 connected to the circuit in parallel, shut-off three-way valves 7 and 8, a rotameter 9, control valve 19, which regulates the volumetric amount (supply) of the hypoxic gas mixture. Since the latter (amount) directly proportionally depends on the concentration of oxygen in it, this valve also regulates the volume concentration of oxygen in the hypoxic gas mixture. The oxygen gas analyzer 14 is connected by a sensor to the supply line of the hypoxic mixture from the gas distributor 11. Compressed air is supplied from the source (compressor) 13 through the non-return valve 12 to the gas distributor 11. An air flow receiver 4 is connected to the nozzle of the exhalation valve Z, which through two analytical elastic tubes with "connects with an interface for transforming information to a computer.

The hyperoxic circuit consists of a removable breathing oro-nasal mask 15, non-reversible inhalation valves 16 and exhalation 17, which are arranged in one body, elastic bags 19, connected to the circuit in parallel, a gas separator 11, a compressor 13, which is connected through a non-return valve 12 with gas separator.

The gas separator 11, valve 12 and compressor 13 are used the same as in the hypoxic circuit. An air flow receiver 18 is connected to the nozzle of the exhalation valve 17, which is connected to the interface for the transformation of information to the computer through two analytical elastic tubes. In the hyperoxic circuit, the part of the gas separator, which produces a hyperoxic gas mixture, is structurally designed so that it stably simulates a hyperoxic gas mixture with an oxygen concentration of ZO - 3595 vol. Because of this, the rotameter and gas analyzer are not installed in the hyperoxic circuit. at

The closed hypercapnic circuit consists of a removable respiratory oro-nasal mask 20, non-reversible inhalation 22 and exhalation valves 21, an air flow receiver 23, which is connected through two analytical elastic tubes to an interface for transforming information to a computer, a three-way valve 24 , through which a hyperoxic mixture is supplied to the hypercapnic circuit, elastic bags 25 connected in parallel to the circuit.

On the exhalation line, after the exhalation valve 21, a portion of the alveolar air is sampled and supplied to the carbon dioxide gas analyzer (sensor) 26 through the analytical "elastic tube. In order to analyze the first particles of the exhaled alveolar air from c, a compressor 27 is installed, which sucks through gas analyzer alveolar air and releases it in a small amount into the environment. With ;" gas analyzer information is transformed into a computer, which allows you to control breathing parameters.

The hypercapnic mixture in the circuit is formed by reverse breathing. With reverse breathing together with

A hypoxic mixture is also formed with a pipercapnic mixture. In order to exclude the effect of a hypoxic mixture (with low

F with an oxygen concentration of up to 1295 by volume), a hyperoxic mixture with an oxygen concentration of 30-3595 is supplied to the hypercapnic circuit. This mixture should be fed into the hypercapnic circuit in such a way that the oxygen concentration in the hypercapnic mixture does not fall below 20.995 vol. Such a concentration of oxygen is in

Go! environment. The supply amount of the hyperoxic gas mixture is regulated by the three-way valve boro 24. The oxygen concentration in the hypercapnic circuit is controlled by the oxygen gas analyzer 14, which is connected to the hypercapnic circuit through the three-way valve 8 of the hypoxic circuit. "M The device is working properly.

Hypoxic circuit.

The compressor 13 supplies compressed air with a pressure of 0.5-0.6 MPa through the non-return valve 12 to the gas separator 11, in which the hypoxic and hyperoxic respiratory mixtures are modeled by the membrane method. By the control valve 10, the hypoxic mixture is regulated by the oxygen concentration from 20 to 895 and by the volume supply from 8 to 300/min., which

P is measured by a rotameter 9. The hypoxic mixture is fed through gas pipelines (elastic hoses, tubes through three-way valves 7 and 8) to the non-reversible inhalation valve 2, which opens automatically when the patient inhales through the breathing mask 1. Through the shut-off ball valve 5, elastic bo Bags b, which are buffer containers and regulate the pressure in the circuit during inhalation-exhalation due to changes in their volumes. The concentration of oxygen is constantly measured by a gas analyzer 8 of oxygen 14, the sensor of which is installed in the gas line of the hypoxic mixture. To study the parameters of breathing from the action of the hypoxic mixture the patient exhales through the breathing mask 1, while the non-reversible inhalation valve 2 65 is automatically closed, and the exhalation valve C is automatically opened and the breathing mixture enters the air flow receiver 4, from which information that can be to study and analyze in a computer room m programs.

Quantitative and qualitative parameters of the hypoxic mixture depend on the medical method of using these breathing mixtures. Hyperoxic circuit.

The compressor 13 supplies compressed air with a pressure of 0.5-0.6 MPa through the non-return valve 12 into the gas separator 11, in which the hypoxic and hyperoxic respiratory mixtures are modeled by the membrane method. The hyperoxic mixture is fed through the gas line to the non-reversible inhalation valve 16 and through the breathing mask 15 into the patient's airways.

On the inhalation line of the circuit, elastic bags 19 are connected in parallel, which are buffer tanks and/or pressure regulators in the circuit by changing their volumes. To study the parameters of breathing from the action of the hyperoxic mixture, the patient exhales through the breathing mask 15, while the non-reversible inhalation valve 17 is automatically closed, and the exhalation valve 16 is automatically opened and the respiratory mixture enters the air flow receiver 18, from which information is transferred to the computer through the interface the computer

Hypercapnic circuit.

The patient through the breathing mask 20 exhales the breathing mixture, which through the automatically opening non-reversible exhalation valve 21 through the gas pipeline made of elastic material (polymer, rubber hoses, tubes), enters the air flow receiver 23 and through the three-way valve 24 through the gas pipeline to the non-reversible inhalation valve 22, which automatically responds to the inhalation-exhalation cycle. That is, a closed gas respiratory circuit is created, in which with each exhalation, the concentration of 2o carbon dioxide in the respiratory mixture increases and the concentration of oxygen decreases. Information on breathing parameters from the air flow receiver 23 is transmitted through two analytical polymer tubes to the interface, from which the information is transformed into computer programs for further control, study and analysis of breathing parameters.

During the act of exhalation, through the fitting located next to the non-reversible exhalation valve 21, the first particles of the exhaled alveolar mixture (the most informative parameter) flow through the analytical polymer tube to the carbon dioxide gas analyzer (sensor) 26, to which the compressor 27 is connected through the polymer tube, which sucks out the alveolar mixture, thereby contributing to its constant flow into the gas cell of the gas analyzer 26. From the gas analyzer (sensor), information about the dynamics and nature of changes in carbon dioxide at each inhalation-exhalation is transmitted to computer programs for control and further analysis and use. Gas dynamics of the formation of a respiratory hypercapnic and hypoxic mixture consists sequentially with each inhalation-exhalation: first, the patient inhales atmospheric air with a concentration of 20.9395 volumes of oxygen and 0.0396 volumes of carbon dioxide, and exhales a mixture with an oxygen concentration of 16595 and carbon dioxide 4.595. co

Over several inhalation-exhalation cycles in a closed hypercapnic circuit, a respiratory mixture is formed with a carbon dioxide concentration of 4.5-695 vol. in some aspects, similar to the hypercapnic circuit, a certain amount of hyperoxic mixture with an oxygen concentration of 30-3595 vol. 2395 oxygen) mixture.

In numerous experiments and medical and wellness sessions held in Zhytomyr

The declared "Device for breathing with gas mixtures" operated in the following mode at the "Elbrus" Medical and Health Center.

Hypoxic circuit: ;"

The working pressure of the compressor is 0.6 MPa;

Supply of the amount of gas mixture into the circuit is 8-ZOL/min.;

He" Oxygen concentration 20-895;

Respiratory volume 1.8-1.7 l; ("in Minute volume of breathing 26-3vl/min.. (ee) I -

Hyperoxic circuit: at 50

The working pressure of the compressor is 0.56-0.58M Pa; tm Oxygen concentration 30-3595;

Carbon dioxide concentration 4.5-6.295;

Respiratory volume 1.1-1.Bl;

Minute respiratory volume 22-ZOl/min. » Hypercapnic circuit:

The working pressure of the compressor is 0.5-0.58 MPa; 60 Oxygen concentration »20.996;

Respiratory volume 1.8-2 Al;

The minute volume of breathing is 33-62 l/min.

The declared "Device for breathing with gas mixtures" was tested during the year in b5 Zhytomyr medical and health center "Elbrus" with a positive result and is currently used by the laboratory of the functional capabilities of the athletes' body at the Research Institute of Physical Education and Sports (Kyiv).

Claims (4)

The formula of the invention 1. A device for breathing with gas mixtures, containing semi-open hypoxic and hyperoxic circuits, shut-off, regulating and control-measuring means, a source of compressed air and a gas separator connected through gas lines to breathing masks, which is distinguished by the fact that a closed 70 hypercapnic circuit is introduced into it , which consists of a breathing mask, gas pipelines, non-reversible inhalation and exhalation valves, elastic bags, oxygen and carbon dioxide gas analyzers, a hyperoxic breathing mixture gas pipeline, an air flow receiver connected to the interface. 2. The device according to claim 1, which differs in that the hypoxic and hyperoxic circuits are made separately. C. The device according to claim 1, which differs in that the hypoxic and hyperoxic circuits on the inhalation line are equipped with elastic bags and non-reversible inhalation and exhalation valves. 4. The device according to claim 1, which differs in that the hypoxic and hyperoxic circuits on the exhalation line are equipped with air flow receivers that are connected to the interface. " in Zo so (ee) "in) (Se) - and? (o) («c) (ee) (ee) that 60 b5