UA59302A - Method for combustion engine supercharge system operation - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for combustion engine supercharge system operation is in burning additional quantity of fuel in combustion chamber for keeping high pressure at outlet from the compressor irrespectively to the mode of operation of the piston unit. As additional fuel hydrogen is used, this is obtained through extraction of water from the exhaust gas composition, with following decomposition to elements.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention belongs to the machine-building industry and can be applied in energy and transport 2 machine-building.

A supercharging system for internal combustion engines (ICE), which consists of a gas turbine and a compressor, is known.

The method of operation of such a supercharging system I.P. Alekseev, V.F. Voronin et al. Internal combustion engines.

Device and operation of piston and combination engines. Under community ed. A.S. Orlyna, M.G. Kruglova. Mashinostroenie, 1990. - 288 p., illustrations. is carried out as follows. The exhaust gases after the piston engine, which still have a high temperature and pressure, cause the blades of the gas turbine impeller to rotate, which transmits the torque to the compressor. The compressor sucks air from the atmosphere and under a certain pressure pumps it into the engine cylinders.

The closest in terms of technical essence is the way the hyperbar system works V.P. Alekseev, V.F. 79 Voronin et al. Internal combustion engines. Design and operation of piston and combination engines. Under community ed. A.S. Orlyna, M.G. Kruglova. - M: Mashinostroenie, 1990. - 288 p., il...

Such a supercharging system is equipped with a turbocharger 1, a starting electric motor 2, a charge air cooler Z, a bypass channel 4, a fuel pump 5, a bypass air supply regulator 6, a mixing chamber for exhaust gases and bypass air 7, a combustion chamber 8, an ignition device 20 | flame control 9 (Fig. 1).

The Hyperbar supercharging system works as follows. The flow of air coming from the compressor is divided into supercharged air, which is fed to the engine, and additional air, which passes through bypass channel 4 and is then mixed with exhaust gases. Additional air is heated in the combustion chamber 8 and fed to the turbine. Due to the burning of an additional amount of fuel in the combustion chamber at the outlet of the compressor 25, which can be two-stage, a high pressure of 0.5...0.7MPa is maintained regardless of the mode of operation of the piston part of the engine. Turbocharger 1 is started using electric motor 2.

The amount of fuel in the combustion chamber and the air bypass are regulated according to certain dependencies by a special regulator 6. During the start-up of the diesel engine, compressed air bypasses the cooler 3 and is fed into the cylinders.

A small incendiary torch is constantly burning in the combustion chamber. ch 30 The significant disadvantages of the Hyperbar supercharging system, which works according to the above method, are the following: Ha") 1. Relatively high specific fuel consumption (de-227... 231g/kWh). 2. Toxicity of exhaust gases. Shk 3. The complexity of the design and the method of adjustment. Gee)

The basis of the proposed invention is the task set in the known way of operation of the supercharging system for

From the internal combustion engine, by changing the type of additional fuel, obtain a new technical result, which consists in improving environmental friendliness and resource conservation (economy).

The task is solved as follows. In the known way of operation of the supercharger system for internal combustion engines, which consists in burning an additional amount of fuel in the combustion chamber to maintain high pressure at the compressor outlet, regardless of the operating mode of the piston part, according to the proposed invention, hydrogen is used as additional fuel in Z 70, which are obtained by extracting exhaust gases from water, followed by its decomposition into constituent elements. "with All significant distinguishing features aimed at obtaining a new technical solution in comparison with the solutions known on the date of the application shows that, according to the set of significant features, the proposed method of operation of the supercharging system for internal combustion engines is characterized by novelty and significant differences, since it does not have any a technical solution with identical distinguishing features known to the applicant. o The drawing below shows a possible variant of the functional scheme for the implementation (Ce) of the proposed method of operation of the supercharging system for internal combustion engines (Fig. 2), which includes the following main elements: turbocharger 1; compressor wheel 2; distributor air C; bypass channel 4; intercooler o 5; intake manifold 6; internal combustion engine 7; exhaust manifold 8; mixing chamber 9; combustion chamber 10; device

And av | 250 servings of hydrogen 11; a device for extracting water from the composition of exhaust gases 12; intermediate water tank 13; reactor 14; hydrogen supply line 15; turbine wheel 16. o The method of operation of the supercharging system for internal combustion engines, according to the proposed invention, is carried out as follows. The flow of air coming from the compressor wheel 2 of the turbocharger 1 is divided by the air distributor Z into supercharging and additional air. Supercharged air is supplied to the internal combustion engine 7 through the intermediate 99 cooler 5 and the intake manifold 6. Additionally, it passes through the bypass channel 4 into the mixing chamber 9, where mixes with the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine, which enter the mixing chamber 9 from the exhaust manifold 8 of the internal combustion engine 7. Next, the air-gas mixture enters the combustion chamber 10, where hydrogen is supplied by the hydrogen supply device 11.

As a result of the burning of hydrogen in the combustion chamber 10, the temperature and pressure of the air-gas mixture at the inlet 60 of the turbine wheel 16 of the turbocharger 1 increase, which causes, due to the increase in torque, an increase in the air pressure at the outlet of the compressor wheel 2 of the turbocharger 1, regardless of the mode operation of the piston part of the internal combustion engine 7. Having expanded and completed work in the turbine wheel 16, the exhaust gases pass through the device for extracting water from the composition of the exhaust gases 12. The composition of the exhaust gases includes the following main components: carbon dioxide - CO"; carbon monoxide - CO; nitrogen oxides - MOX; various hydrocarbons - 62 Stnp and water vapor - Н2О. Concentrations of some components in the composition of exhaust gases, in particular CO, MOX and StNap,

may be insignificant. However, the share of water vapor in the combustion of the most common hydrocarbon fuels (gasoline, diesel fuel, natural and associated gases) in the composition of exhaust gases reaches at least 2095 |V.M.

Arkhangelskyi et al. Automobile engines. Ed. M.S. Hovakha - MI; Mechanical engineering 1977, - 591 si. In the device for extracting water from the composition of exhaust gases 12, water is extracted from the composition of exhaust gases and directed to the intermediate tank for water 13. The latter can be pre-filled with water from an external source. Then the amount of water in the intermediate water tank 13 will only be replenished during the operation of the DVZ 7 and will be some constant value.

Further, from the intermediate water tank 13, water enters the reactor 14, where it is decomposed into its component elements: oxygen (O5) and hydrogen (H2o). The latter is sent along the hydrogen supply line 15 to the hydrogen supply device 11, which, in turn, supplies hydrogen to the combustion chamber 10.

During the start-up of the diesel engine 7, compressed air from the compressor wheel 2 is fed into the intake manifold 6, bypassing the intercooler 5. In addition, the author draws attention to the following points regarding the implementation of the proposed method of operation of the turbocharger system for the diesel engine: 1. The diesel engine 7 can be any by the type of mixture formation, the flow of the work process, and by the type of working machine (with external, internal and combined/mixture formation, two-, four- and multi-stroke, piston, rotary, etc.). 2. Turbocharger 1 can be equipped with a separate starting device, or it can be started jointly with

DVZ 7 starting device.

Q. The type of turbocharger 1 can be any: single-stage, two-stage, multi-stage, with axial, centripetal, combined wheels, etc. 4. The principle of operation of the device12 for extracting water from the composition of exhaust gases can be any: capillary absorption, ultrasonic condensation, etc. 5. The principle of operation of the reactor 14 for breaking down water into constituent elements can be any: chemical, thermal, electrolysis, etc. In turn, the reactor 14 for the decomposition of water into its constituent elements can be a component of the device 11 for supplying hydrogen to the combustion chamber 10. In addition, the decomposition of water into its constituent elements can be carried out directly in the mixing chamber 9, or the combustion chamber 10 when created for this purpose necessary conditions. 6. Ignition of the air-gas-hydrogen mixture in the combustion chamber 10 can be carried out in any way: with spark plugs (spark or glow); self-ignition due to the temperature of the air-gas mixture, etc. 7. One, two, or several stages of turbocompressor 1 can be used to generate the energy needed to break down water into components, while the other stages will be used to supercharge the internal combustion engine 7. 8. During forced braking of the internal combustion engine 7 , equipped with a supercharging system that works in the above-mentioned method (or a power plant with such an internal combustion engine), it is advisable to use devices that consume braking energy to break down a larger amount of water into component elements and then supply a larger amount of hydrogen to the combustion chamber 10 and in (or) DVZ 7 (principle of energy recovery). 9. If in the process of decomposition of water into constituent elements, oxygen (02) will not bind, it is advisable to send it to the combustion chamber 10 and (or) to the internal combustion engine 7 to improve combustion processes. « 10. The intermediate cooler 5 after the compressor wheel 2 may be missing. with c Thus, in comparison with the existing one, the mode of operation of the supercharging system for internal combustion engines, according to the proposed

And the invention has the following advantages: 1. Improvement of fuel efficiency. 2. Improving the environmental friendliness of exhaust gases.

C. The possibility of fully automating the processes of extracting water from the composition of exhaust gases, splitting water into its component elements, supplying hydrogen to the combustion chamber 10 in the required amount, depending on the mode of operation of the piston part of the internal combustion engine (adaptive control systems with feedback). ik 4. Improvement of the dynamics of the internal combustion engine in transient modes due to the better occupying properties of hydrogen. (95) with AI

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention Co.) The method of operation of the supercharging system for internal combustion engines, which consists in burning an additional amount of fuel in the combustion chamber to maintain a high pressure at the outlet of the compressor regardless of the operating mode of the piston part, which differs in that hydrogen obtained by extracting is used as additional fuel from the composition of water exhaust gases with subsequent decomposition into constituent elements. 60 b5