UA50854C2 - Method for making cannon barrel - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to military technique, to making cannon barrels, for instance, the tank ones. Cannon barrel is made at least with three-layer breech end, formed of billets having tubular shape by connecting those with given tension by hot pressing. Second layer of the barrel is formed of two billets; at that length of the first billet is 6 – 9 barrel calibers. Ingot for the first layer is made with two circular steps on the outer surface, with decrease of diameter of each step by 0.3 – 0.5 mm. Length of the first step is equal to the length of the first billet for the second layer of the barrel, length of the second step is equal to the length of the second billet for the second layer of the barrel. First billet for the second layer of the barrel is attached to the billet for the first layer of the billet along the length of the first step, mechanical treatment of the end of two-layer step thus formed is performed, and second billet for the second layer of the barrel along the length of the second step of the billet for the first layer is butted to the end surface of the first part of the second layer. Third layer of the barrel is formed with overlapping of two parts of the second layer by 0.5 – 2 calibers of the barrel.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to military equipment, in particular artillery guns, and can be used in the manufacture of gun barrels, such as tank guns.

The tendency to increase the power (energy intensity) of the ammunition used requires an increase in the carrying capacity of the barrel, which is solved in different ways. For example, using alloyed steels of a high strength category with alloying elements St, Mi, Mo, M (Artillery and small arms, Kyiv, p. 166).

Another way is to manufacture the barrel with such predetermined stresses in the material of the barrel, which would counteract the stresses that arise in the process of firing the gun, and therefore, which allow to withstand higher pressures inside the barrel chamber. This can be achieved, for example, in a barrel made of layers fastened together with tension (V.P. Chernov. Artilleryskoe orudie. Moscow. Voennoie izdatelstvo, 1953, p. 43 - 45). 19 A known method of manufacturing a cannon barrel, which includes making the breech part of the barrel from two tubular blanks by fastening them with a given tension by hot pressing (patent RF Mo 2066821 dated 12.20.93, E41 A 21/00).

This design of the barrel makes it possible to increase its resistance to the pressure of powder gases in the bore of the barrel due to the creation of preliminary stresses in the material of the barrel. With a given thickness of the barrel wall, the resistance to its pressure of powder gases increases with an increase in the number of layers.

The closest in technical essence is the method of manufacturing a gun barrel, which includes the formation of at least a three-layer breech part of the barrel from tubular blanks by binding them with a given tension by hot pressing. One blank is used to form each layer (V.P.

Chernov Artillery gun. Moscow. Military publishing house, 1953, p. 43 - 45). with

When fastening blanks with tension by hot pressing, the higher the level of pre-set stresses is created in the material of the barrel, the greater the amount of tension (the tension is set by the difference between the inner and outer diameter of the fastened blanks in the cold state).

The amount of tension that is set is limited by the technological gap, which is created between the workpieces during the heating of the outer workpiece. The heating temperature during hot pressing of blanks C is limited by the mode of heat treatment of the material of the blanks. So, for steels used for barrel blanks, this temperature is limited to their tempering temperature after quenching and is 400 - 45076.

Thus, the greater the value of the specified tension, the greater technological difficulties arise during hot pressing, there are "catch", burrs on the surface of the workpiece, which make it difficult to fix them in a given position. Undesirable plastic deformation of the workpiece occurs, which does not allow to obtain

Given the geometric dimensions of the blanks, the level of preliminary stresses in the barrel material is required. at

At a given tension, with an increase in the number of layers (due to a decrease in the thickness of the blanks) and with an increase in the length of the blanks, the technological difficulties increase, and therefore the quality of bonding the layers deteriorates.

The invention is based on the task of improving the method of manufacturing a gun barrel, in which "thanks to the new execution of the second layer and the introduction of new operations, the probability of occurrence of C 50 "sticks", burrs, that is, undesirable plastic deformations in the material of the barrel, is reduced, as a result of which the manufacturability of the method increases, and therefore, the quality of bonding the layers. z" The task is solved as follows.

According to a known method, at least a three-layer breech part of the barrel is formed from tubular blanks by binding them with a given tension by hot pressing.

According to the invention, in contrast to the known method, the second layer of the barrel is formed from two blanks, while the length of the first blank is 6-9 calibers of the barrel. The blank for the first layer is made with two av | circular steps on the outer surface with a decrease in the diameter of each step in the direction from the cut of the breech part of the barrel by 0.3 - О.bmm. The first step is made with a length equal to the length of the first blank so for the second layer of the trunk, and the second step is made with a length equal to the length of the second blank for the second layer c 20. The first blank for the second layer of the barrel is fastened with the blank for the first layer of the barrel along the length of the first step, and the second blank for the second layer of the barrel is fastened with the blank for the first layer of the barrel

T" along the length of the second step at the junction with the end of the formed two-layer step. The third layer of the barrel is formed overlapping the junction of the two parts of the second layer by 0.5 - 2 calibers of the barrel. At the same time, after bonding the first blank for the second layer with the blank for the first layer, the end face of the formed two-layer 25 step is machined.

GF) In addition, the blank for the first layer and the first blank for the second layer are made with an edge. From a technological point of view, the process of forming a relatively long second layer is the most time-consuming in the production of a multilayer barrel.

Unlike the prototype, the formation of the second layer in the proposed method is carried out in two stages (from 60 two blanks), which allows to reduce the length of the blanks that are pressed, and therefore to improve the quality of their bonding with the blank for the first layer.

At the same time, the location of the junction of the two parts of the second layer, which is determined by the length of the first blank for the second layer, is chosen optimally (6 - 9 barrel calibers) taking into account the following considerations. On the one hand, the distance to the junction of the ends of the two parts of the second layer should be greater than the distance to the cross section, where the maximum gas pressure is reached during the shot, and on the other hand, the shorter the workpiece, the easier the pressing process is.

Provided in the claimed method, the operation of preliminary processing (preparation) of the outer surface of the workpiece for the first layer ensures the creation of the necessary and sufficient technological gap between the workpieces for the passage of hot workpieces for the second layer to the place of their pressing without resistance.

As a result, in contrast to the prototype, the probability of unwanted plastic deformation of the workpieces is reduced, and therefore, the necessary preliminary stresses in the material of the barrel, calculated and specified by the geometric dimensions of the workpieces, are provided during pressing.

In this way, the manufacturability of the barrel manufacturing method and the quality of the bonded layers are increased. 70 An additional advantage of the claimed method is that the mechanical processing of the end of the two-layer step provides a tighter connection when pressing the second blank of the second layer. Making the blank for the first layer and the first blank for the second layer with an edge provides better fixation of the blanks during pressing.

The invention is explained by the drawing, where:

Fig. 1 - a general view of a gun barrel with a three-layer breech;

Fig. 2 - blank for the first layer;

Fig. 3 - a blank for the first layer with a pressed first blank for the second layer;

Fig. 4 - a blank for the first layer with pressed first and second blanks for the second layer.

According to the claimed method, the gun barrel is made with a three-layer breech from four blanks 1, 2, C, 4 of tubular shape.

The blank 1 for the first layer is made with a shoulder 5 and a length equal to the length of the barrel.

The first blank 2 for the second layer is made with a side of 6 and a barrel length of 6 - 9 calibers. The second blank

For the second layer, for example, a barrel with a length of 9 - 14 calibers is made.

The specified blanks are made with such external and internal diameters that provide the specified tension during the fastening of the materials by hot pressing them, according to the claimed method.

According to the claimed method, on the outer surface of the workpiece 1 for the first layer, two circular steps 7, 8 are made by the known i) method with a decrease in the diameter of each step in the direction from the cut 9 of the breech part by 0.3 - 0.5 mm. The first step 7 is made with a length equal to the length of the blank 2 for the second layer of the barrel, and the second step 8 is made with a length equal to the length of the blank 3 for the second layer of the barrel. The second layer of the barrel is formed from two blanks 2, 3. The blank 2 for the second layer, made with the edge 6, is heated, put on the blank 1 from the side of the muzzle 10 (opposite to the edge) with the edge 6 forward and pressed onto the first step 7 blanks 1 until the moment of joining the two sides 5, 6. so

After cooling, the end face of the formed two-layer step 11 is machined, for example, by turning. Then heat the second workpiece C for the second layer, put it on the workpiece 1 from the side of the muzzle cut 10 and press it onto the second step 8 of the workpiece 1 to the junction with the end of the above-mentioned two-layered step 11. Thus, the second layer of the barrel is obtained from two workpieces 2, 3.

Before forming the third layer, the surface of the second layer is subjected to mechanical processing.

To form the third layer, the workpiece 4 is heated, put on the workpiece 1 from the side of the muzzle 10 and pressed onto the second layer of the barrel until the end of the workpiece 4 meets the end of the burr 6. At the same time, the joint of the second layer is covered with a third layer of 0.5 - 2 gauge barrel з с Thus, a gun barrel is made with at least a three-layer breech, formed from tubular blanks by joining them with a given tension by hot pressing. ;" The production of the gun barrel according to the method claimed is carried out using known standard equipment and typical technological processes.

The blanks are made of special gun steel. with Example 1

Production of a 120mm caliber gun barrel. o Produced, for example by forging, blanks 1, 2, 3, 4 of tubular form from special cannon steel

Go! OKHNZMFA-01-120. At the same time, workpiece 1 for the first layer and workpiece 2 for the first part of the second layer 5r were made with edges 5, 6, respectively. 1 Blanks 1, 2, 3, 4 were made with the following geometric dimensions. і» Blank 1 for the first layer: length - b000mm, outer diameter - 221.1mm, inner diameter is variable.

Blank 2 for the first part of the second layer: length - 8v80mm (-7.3 barrel caliber); outer diameter - 268 mm; inner diameter - 220.5 mm.

Blank C for the second part of the second layer: length - 1320 mm (11 gauge barrel); outer diameter - 268 mm; inner diameter - 220mm.

Ф) Blank 4 for the third layer: length - 880 mm (taking into account the overlap of the joint by 1 caliber of the barrel); outer diameter - C15mm; inner diameter - 268mm.

On the outer surface of the workpiece 1 for the first layer, two circular steps 7, 8 were drilled with a decrease in the diameter of each step in the direction from the cut 9 of the breech part of the barrel by 0.4 mm. The first step 7 was made with a length of 88 mm (according to the length of the workpiece 2), the second step - with a length of 1320 mm, according to the length of the workpiece 3.

The workpiece 2 for the second layer, made with the edge 6, was heated to a temperature of 450 "С, put on the workpiece 1 from the side of the muzzle cut 10 with the edge 6 forward and pressed on the first step 7 of the workpiece 1 until the moment of docking 65 TWO edges 5, 6.

At the same time, workpiece 2 passed to the place of pressing, without noting deformation.

In this way, the first part of the second layer of the trunk was formed, fastened to the first one with a given tension

Oh, bhm.

After cooling, the end of the formed two-layer step 11 was drilled.

The workpiece C for the second part of the second layer was heated to a temperature of 4507C, put on the workpiece 1 from the side of the muzzle section 10 and pressed onto the second step 8 of the workpiece 1 until it was connected to the end of the two-layer step 11.

Formed the second part of the second layer, bonded to the first layer with a tension of 0.bmm.

The surface of the second layer was drilled followed by grinding. 70 In this way, the second layer of the breech part of the barrel was formed from two blanks 2, 3.

To form the third layer, the workpiece 4 was heated to a temperature of 4507C, placed on the workpiece 1 from the side of the muzzle section 10 and pressed onto the second layer of the barrel until the end of the workpiece 4 meets the end of the butt 6.

With the third layer, the joint was covered by 120 mm (by 1 caliber of the barrel). The third layer was formed with a tension of 0.bmm.

In this way, a gun barrel with a three-layer breech part was made from blanks of tubular form 7/5 by joining them by hot pressing with a given tension.

Example 2

The 120 mm caliber gun barrel was made in a similar way as in example 1, with the difference that the first blank 2 for the second layer was made with a length of 720 mm (b barrel calibers), the second blank C for the second layer was made with a length of 1080 mm (9 barrel calibers), the blank 4 for the third layer was made with a length of 8 mm. Accordingly, the first ring step on the workpiece for the first layer was made with a length of 720 mm, and the second ring step with a length of 1080 mm with a decrease in their diameter by 0.3 mm.

There were no technological difficulties in the manufacture of the barrel.

Example C

The 120 mm caliber cannon barrel was made in a similar way as in example 1, with the difference that the first blank 2 for the second layer was made with a length of 1080 mm (9 barrel calibers), the second blank 3 for the second layer was made with a length of 16800 mm (14 barrel calibers) , blank 4 for the third layer was made i) 1320 mm long (with an overlap of the joint by 2 calibers of the barrel). Accordingly, the first ring step on the workpiece for the first layer was made with a length of 108 mm, and the second ring step - with a length of 1680 mm with a decrease in their diameter by 0.5 mm. "g zo There were no technological difficulties in the manufacture of the barrel. The quality of bonding the layers ensured the specified tension. i am

Example 4 so

The 120 mm caliber cannon barrel was made in a similar way as in example 1, with the difference that the circular steps were made on workpiece 1 for the first layer with a decrease in the diameter of each step by 0.2 mm. yu

When the hot blanks for the second layer passed to the place of pressing, they were resisted by the cold blank for the first layer, which led to the deformation of the blanks and the deterioration of the quality of binding the blanks. This is explained by the insufficient technological gap between the workpieces during their movement to the place of pressing. "

Example 5 from c Manufacturing of a cannon barrel according to example 1, provided it is performed on workpiece 1 for the first layer. ring stairs with a decrease in the diameter of each step by an amount greater than the specified limit (0.5 mm), is impractical, and since an excessive increase in the height of the stairs leads to an increase in the level of undesirable stresses on the edge of the stairs.

Example 6 c Making a gun barrel according to example 1, provided that the first blank 2 is made for the second layer with a length of less than 720 mm (less than 6 calibers of the barrel), is impractical, since the maximum pressure of powder gases during a shot is within these limits.

Go! Example 7

When manufacturing a gun barrel according to example 1, provided that blank 2 is made for the second layer with a length of more than 1080 mm (more than 9 barrel calibers), there are technological difficulties associated with the pressing of long blanks. The binding quality is unsatisfactory.

Example 8

The manufacture of a cannon barrel according to example 1, provided that blank 4 is made for the third layer of wood less than 780 mm long (the overlap of the joint is less than 0.5 caliber of the barrel), is impractical, since two stress concentrators are superimposed, which is undesirable. (F) Example 9 ka Manufacturing a gun barrel according to example 1, provided that blank 4 is made for the third layer with a length of more than 9 mm (joint overlap of more than 2 calibers of the barrel - 240 mm), it is impractical, as it leads to weighting of the barrel design.

Claims (2)

Formula of the invention 65 1. The method of manufacturing a cannon barrel, which includes the formation of at least a three-layer breech part of the barrel from tubular blanks by gluing them together with a given tension by hot pressing, which differs in that the second layer of the barrel is formed from two blanks, while the length of the first blank is 6-9 calibers of the barrel, and the blank for the first layer is pre-made with two annular steps on the outer surface with a decrease in the diameter of each step in the direction from the cut of the breech part of the barrel to the size of 0.3-0.5 mm, and the length of the first step is equal to the length of the first blank for the second layer of the barrel, the length of the second step is equal to the length of the second blank for the second layer of the barrel, the first blank for the second layer of the barrel is fastened with the blank for the first layer of the barrel by the length of the first step, and the second blank for the second layer of the trunk is fastened with the blank for the first layer of the trunk along the length of the second step to the joint with the end of the formed two-layer step, the third layer of the trunk is formed overlapping the joint of the two parts of the second layer by 0.5- 2 barrel calibers. 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that after bonding the first blank for the second layer with the blank for the first layer, the end face of the formed two-layer staircase is machined. C. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the blank for the second layer is made with a side. c 6) « iv) (ee) «c) I c) - and? 1 («c) (ee) 1 s» name) 60 b5