UA49000C2 - Appliance for foodstuff fining “shcoov” - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for foodstuff fining can be used at the enterprises of catering, at meat, fish and vegetable processing enterprises. This device has a drive, a connected to the drive placed in a horizontal position cylindrical working chamber, a pressing screw, with the threading step decreasing in direction of unloading, this is installed in the working chamber; a steel pin with parallel flat spots, screwed to the front end of the screw; a fixed cutting grid. This unit has as well rotary knives, with the blades arranges as pressing vanes, with the angle of inclination to the grid being 9...810 and with two changeable types of knife grids, two interchangeable screws, where one of those has the winding step decreasing in the direction of unloading and the other is with the constant winding step, and a hollow cylindrical insertion that can be fixed.

Description

Description of the invention

The device is designed for grinding food products and can be used at 2 food, meat, fish, and vegetable processing enterprises.

A well-known device for grinding food products (mainly meat and fish), which contains a drive, a horizontally located working chamber, a traditional discharge screw, a fixed cutting grid, rotating knives, the feathers of which have straight blades, fixed knife grids with holes, a pressure ring and clamping nut (11. 70) When using a prototype device for obtaining minced meat containing an increased amount of high-strength connective tissues (especially elastin fibers), their incomplete destruction occurs in the cutting pairs (knife-grid) of the device, a large some of them fall into the minced meat, some do not pass into the holes of the grates, clogging them, unbroken fibers wind up on the knife, which reduces the productivity of the device and the quality of the product being ground. 19 This is due to the fact that in the process of grinding the product, its destruction mainly occurs due to shear stresses arising in the plane of contact of the supporting face of the knife blade and the grid. in them, the fabric of the product is more torn than cut, and cutting is characterized by a significant concentration of stress in a limited zone of destruction - at the point of contact of the product with the cutting edge of the blade.

For high-strength elastin connective fibers, this method of applying forces (by shearing, 20 tearing) does not ensure their effective destruction and does not give a satisfactory quality of minced meat as a whole.

In addition, the prototype device does not provide high-quality and effective grinding of fresh wet products of plant origin that have solid inclusions (seeds, etc.), since during grinding, the juice is squeezed out, which is accompanied by a significant thickening of the solid part of the product, which has a significant 'viscosity that clogs the lattice holes. At the same time, the quality of the obtained products does not meet the technical requirements (insufficient homogeneity and uniformity of minced meat). For example, taishi seeds remain uncrushed in vegetable mince (Inclusion of small sizes, which significantly reduce their quality indicators. This is, first of all, due to the inappropriate design of the traditional auger for crushing vegetable raw materials (it has a decreasing pitch of the turn, in which unwanted compression of the mass being crushed, as a result of which the juice is squeezed out and the solid residue thickens). and abrasion, rather than shear and cutting loads. As a result of grinding this type of products by traditional methods, the resulting minced meat contains a rather large amount of solid inclusions that reduce the organoleptic quality indicators of the product.

The invention is based on the task of eliminating the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prototype device, namely: 3) increasing the efficiency of the grinding process and the quality of the mincemeat obtained. WITH

The task is achieved by the fact that the device (which consists of a drive, a fixed cutting grid, a horizontally located cylindrical working chamber, a traditional injection screw) has a variable injection screw, with a constant pitch of turns and a rise angle of the screw line A - 8...16" (Fig. 1), while the area 5 of the cross-section A-A of the inter-turn space is equal to the total area of the holes of the knife grid, without taking into account the area of the holes covered by the knife blades. The device also has a hollow cylindrical insert (Fig. 3), with an internal the diameter of which is 2; - C2 is equal to the outer diameter of the additional screw c) - C1, and the outer diameter of the insert, which is inserted and fixed in the working chamber when using a screw with a constant pitch of turns, is equal to the inner diameter of the working chamber. The device also has a set of knife grates with a blunt sharpening angle (Fig. 4) and with an acute sharpening angle (Fig. 5) of the edges of the holes, and knives (Fig. b), the blades of which are made in the form of discharge blades with an angle of inclination to the grate Я - 9...817 and have two blades 1 each. The cutting edges of the blades are offset relative to the axis of rotation of the knife. Each blade of the knife 1 has two cutting edges with a sharp 2 and a blunt Z sharpening angles (Ce), and the angle Г formed by the injection plane of the knife edge and the working face of the second blade is at least 90". o For grinding a product of animal origin, which have an increased content of coarse connective tissue, ("in 50 use grids with a sharp angle of sharpening of the cutting edge, a traditional auger and knives, which are installed in such a working position, in which cutting will be carried out by different edges 2 with a sharp angle of sharpening of the blade.

To grind a product of plant origin with a high moisture content and solid inclusions, grates with an obtuse angle of sharpening the edges, an auger with a constant step of turns, an insert in the working chamber 59, as well as knives that are installed in such a position, at which the destruction of the product will be carried out, are used

GF) with cutting edges with a blunt blade sharpening angle. The advantages of the proposed device are that the design of the knife grids, which do not have a cylindrical shape of the holes, but a mixed (conical and cylindrical part), allows you to get a cutting edge of the holes with a sharp (less than 90") and blunt (more than 90") sharpening angle . 60 Knife grates with a sharp angle of sharpening the edges of the holes are advisable to use for grinding animal products that have very strong elastin fibers, in such a position of the knives, when they also have a sharp angle of sharpening the cutting edges of the blades. In this case, the main method of product destruction will be the so-called cutting, when the maximum destructive stresses will be concentrated directly on the borders of the different edges of the openings of the grids and knife blades. At the same time, such cutting pairs will perform "sliding bo cutting", the advantages of which are that the specific cutting force decreases and the quality of grinding increases.

"Sliding cutting" is due to the rounded shape of the openings of the knife grates on one side, and the constructive execution of the knife blades, the cutting edges of which do not pass through the axis of rotation of the knives.

Knife grates with an obtuse angle of sharpening of the cutting edges of the holes, intended for grinding products of wax origin with a high content of strong inclusions (skin, seeds, etc.), are used in a pair with knives in a position with an obtuse angle of sharpening of different edges of the blades. Such a cutting pair will grind the product mainly due to compression and crushing forces, which are most effective for grinding hard products with a high fiber content.

The design of knives with feathers, in the form of injection blades, allows, firstly, to provide additional injection of the product being crushed between the knives and grates, which significantly reduces the resistance of fish pairs and increases the productivity of the device; secondly, it provides additional mixing of the product between the knife grates, which increases the quality of the product that is crushed; thirdly, it allows you to maximize the use of the area of the openings of the knife grates (that is, to maximize the number of openings of the grates open for the passage of the product, since the shape of the knives in the form of compressed blades does not cover the openings with its entire body, and only a small part of the openings of the grate overlaps in the place of their contact with the supporting edges of the knife blades). An increase in the utilization factor of the area of the openings of the knife grates ensures an increase in the productivity of the device.

The angle y (Fig. 5) formed by the discharge vane and the working face of one of the blades must be at least 90", so that "stagnant" zones of the product being crushed do not form in it, and the entire mass of this product is evenly mixed in gaps between the knife grates and pushed through them.

The optimal value of the angle of inclination of the injection blades of the knife to the knife grid Y (Fig.b) is 30...45", so that its increase by more than 457 significantly reduces the injection effect of the blades, and a decrease in the angle of inclination (less than 30") significantly reduces the efficiency of mixing the product with the blade, and also reduces the possibility of reducing the sharpening angle of one of the knife blades (since the angle between the working face of the blade and the injection blade must not be less than 90"). In addition, a significant decrease in the angle of inclination will cause a decrease in the coefficient of use of the area holes of the knife grates (in fact, the blade itself will cover the holes of the grates). i)

The use in the proposed device of an injection auger (Fig. 1) with a constant step of turns and a rise angle of the helical line 8...167 allows to supply a moisture-rich product of vegetable origin to the cutting steam without significant squeezing of the juice and without pressing its solid residue. In addition, such an auger is more efficient when re-grinding all types of products, when product thickening is not required, but only its efficient transportation to cutting pairs is required. The angle of inclination of the helical line of the auger is less than 8" o is impractical, because the surface of the turns of the auger will extend over the product (will not be able to capture and (su) mix it, since this angle is the limit angle of friction for most products in the traditional design of the auger (material, quality of surface treatment) When the angle is greater than 6", the auger significantly loses its pumping ability (the ability to mix the product decreases), especially when the surface of the working chamber is flat (without a screw thread). Since this auger is used in conjunction with a chamber insert that does not have a helical thread, the helix angle of the auger should not exceed 16".

The expediency of using an insert for an auger with a constant pitch of turns in the device is due to the need for more efficient transportation of mincemeat to cutting pairs when it is re-shredded. "

In the known device |1), its productivity drops significantly during re-grinding, when the prepared minced meat is not loaded into the working chamber of pe)s. This is due, firstly, to an inappropriate angle. raising the helical line of the auger; secondly, by the presence of a significant gap between the screw and the inner surface of the working chamber. Therefore, the auger is used irrationally, i.e. the pressure created by it in the cutting steam significantly exceeds the pressure in the product loading area and part of it begins to "flow" back into the loading area, first of all, through the gap between the auger and the working chamber. In the known device, part of the minced meat, which is fed to the cutting pairs by an auger during its repeated grinding, returns back to the loading zone along the spiral channel, which is formed by the spiral and cutting of the working chamber. In this case, slicing does not have a positive effect (in contrast to the transportation of large pieces of product with an auger), but on the contrary, it reduces the efficiency of feeding the product with an auger.

The drawings show the following figures: o Fig. 1 - 2 Additional injection screw with a constant step of turns, in which the area of the cross-section A-A o the inter-turn space is equal to the total area of the holes of the knife grid;

Fig. 3 - Hollow cylindrical insert;

Fig. 4 - Knife grid with an obtuse angle of sharpening the edges of the holes;

Fig. 5 - A knife grid with an acute angle of sharpening the edges of the holes, which is made prefabricated from two parts;

Fig. 6 - 7 Knife, the blade 1" of which has a cutting edge 2" with a sharp sharpening angle, and a cutting edge 3 with a blunt (Ф, sharpening angle; ka Fig. 8 - General view of the device. Where: 1 - Working chamber of the device 60 2 - Depending on the case, the injection screw is traditional or with a constant pitch of turns (Fig. 1)

C - Fixed cutting grid 4 - Pressure ring 5 - Clamping nut 6 - Knife grids, depending on the case of grinding with a blunt or sharp angle of sharpening the edges of 65 holes (shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) 7 - Knives inserted depending from the case of grinding, in such a position that the cutting will be carried out by cutting edges 3' (Fig. 5) with a blunt blade sharpening angle, or cutting edges 2' (Fig. 5) with a sharp blade sharpening angle 8 - Hollow cylindrical insert (Fig. .2), inserted in the case of repeated grinding of minced meat, and in the case of grinding of a product of plant origin.

The device works as follows: to grind animal products that contain an increased amount of connective tissue, a traditional auger 2, a fixed cutting grid 3, a rotating knife (Fig. b) are installed in the working chamber of the device 1 (Fig. 8) in the position in which blades 2 (Fig. 5) with a sharp sharpening angle of the edges will be working, fixed knife grids with a sharp sharpening angle (Fig. 5) of the edges of the holes / o Large size, the second knife (Fig. b), which rotates, in a position similar to the first, the second grid is similar to the first (Fig. 5) with smaller holes, a pressure ring 4 (Fig. 8) and a clamping nut 5 (Fig. 8). The clamping force of the nut during operation of the machine can be adjusted depending on the amount of connecting fabric in the product. With a larger amount of connective tissue, the clamping is needed stronger, with a smaller amount - weaker. After collecting the working organs, the machine is turned on and the finished 7/5 product (cut into pieces of the specified sizes) is loaded into the loading hole of the working chamber. The loaded pieces of meat are captured by the turns of the auger and, moving along the working chamber, are fed to the cutting organs of the machine, where the product is crushed to particle sizes that correspond to the diameter of the holes of the last knife grid. If it is necessary to re-grind the minced meat, the set of working organs is assembled in the following sequence: an insert (Fig. 3), an auger with a constant pitch of turns (Fig. 1), and everything else, as in the 2nd previous case.

For grinding plant products with solid inclusions, an insert (Fig. 3) is installed in the working chamber of the device 1 (Fig. 8), which is fixed in it. Then, an auger with a constant pitch of turns is installed (Fig. 1), a fixed cutting grid Z (Fig. 8), a knife (Fig. b), which rotates to a position in which the cutting edges 3 with an obtuse sharpening angle will be working, a knife grid with obtuse angle of sharpening of the edge of the holes (Fig. 4) of a larger size, the second knife, which rotates to a position similar to the first, the second grid is similar to the first with smaller holes, pressure ring 4 (Fig. 8) and clamping nut 5 (Fig. 8 ). Clamping force i) of the nut depends on the type of product being crushed. After collecting the working parts, the machine is turned on and the prepared product is loaded, which is moved by the auger and crushed by the working parts of the machine. o z Literature. 1. Elkhina V. D., Zhuryn A. A., Dronichkina L. P., Bogachev M. K. Equipment of public utilities enterprises. In 3 volumes, T. 1. Mechanical equipment. 2nd ed. processing - M.: Zkonomyka, 1987, pp. 290 - 303. o

Claims (6)

Formula of the invention 35 " 1. A device for grinding food products, which contains a drive, a horizontally placed cylindrical working chamber connected to the drive, a discharge screw, the pitch of turns of which decreases in the unloading direction, which is placed inside the working chamber, a steel finger with parallel blades, which is "screwed in the front end of the auger, a fixed cutting grid mounted on a finger, knives mounted on a finger rotating with c, the feathers of which have straight blades and fixed knife grids with holes, which are also mounted on a finger, a pressure ring placed in the working chamber after the last knife grid , and a clamping nut that is screwed onto the working chamber, which differs in that it has two knives made in the form of discharge blades with an angle of inclination to the grid 9...810, has two interchangeable types of knife grids, has two interchangeable screws , one of which has a pitch of turns that decreases in the direction of unloading, and the second with a constant pitch of turns, and their hollow insert, which is fixed. 2. The device according to claim 1, which differs in that the cutting edges of the knife blades are offset relative to their axis of rotation, ee, and each knife blade has two cutting edges with sharp and obtuse sharpening angles. o C. The device according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the variable injection screw with a constant pitch of turns has an angle of elevation of the helical line 8...169, while the cross-sectional area of the inter-turn space is equal to the total area o of the holes of the knife grid, excluding the area of the holes , which are covered with knife blades. c 4. The device according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the cylindrical insert is used with a screw having a constant pitch of turns, the length of the insert is equal to the length of the helical section of the screw with a constant pitch of turns, its outer diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the working chamber, and the inner diameter of the insert 1...2 mm larger than the outer diameter of the screw with a constant step of turns, the insert has a hole that is placed under the loading hole of the working chamber. o 5. The device according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that one type of knife grates, which is used for, i.e., grinding food products of animal origin, has a sharp angle of sharpening the cutting edges of the holes. 6. The device according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the second type of knife grates, which is used for grinding food products of plant origin, has a blunt sharpening angle of the cutting edges of the holes. b5