UA45074C2 - A method for molding of explosive slurry and charge of explosive slurry, an explosive slurry (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of molding of explosive slurry, during which solid soluble and/or insoluble components are added, which have fine fractions diameter less than 0,001m, large fractions - from 0,001 up to 0,05m, at the amount of fine fractions from 10,0 up to 55,0 % of all volume of explosive slurry. A charge of explosive slurry is molded by introduction in explosive slurry of water and/or water-containing liquid. Explosive slurry, as a rule, contains an inorganic oxidizer, solid carbohydrate or carbon fuel, silicon or metal fuel, liquid fuel and porous component. In variants the individual explosive slurry may contain a stiffener, fine inorganic oxidizer, granulated inorganic oxidizer, individual explosive substance or gunpowder, or their mix, phlegmatizer and swelling agent.

Description

thicken (by dissolving a thickening semi-finished product in it).

A water-oil emulsion containing water, an inorganic oxidizer and an emulsifier is used as a water-containing mixture.

In the method of manufacturing a charge containing water-filled BP, it is formed according to the method proposed above, and the mass of water-filled BP in the charge is set not less than:

Mvvs - 005 -135)288Е. Mo u

Рв where рвве - рвв - the density of explosives, respectively dry water-filled and water-filled, kg/m3;

Mvv - mass of water-filled BP.

A water-filled explosive is made before placement in the charge.

A water-filled explosive is produced in the process of placing it in a charge.

A water-filled explosive is made after its placement in the charge.

Filling with water or a water-containing liquid of a water-filled explosive placed, for example, in a shell, is carried out through punctures in the shell.

Before filling with a water-containing liquid, the water-filled explosive is compacted.

The water-filled explosive is compacted by vibration.

The water-filled explosive substance is compacted in the process of its placement in the charging cavity or shell by the impact of the flow of the water-filled explosive substance from a height of at least 0.5 m.

A water-filled explosive is made by injecting water into a water-filled explosive from the outside.

The introduction of water from the outside into the water-filled explosive is carried out in the process of immersing the charge in water.

The specified problem can also be solved in the form of variants of the proposed invention, which relate to objects of the same type, have the same purpose and provide the same technical result.

Option 1. A water-filled explosive that includes an inorganic oxidizer, solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel has fractions with a diameter of less than 0.001m, not less than 9Omas.9o and additionally contains silicon or metal fuel with a particle size of less than 0.001m, liquid fuel and the porous component with this ratio of components, wt.9o: solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel 0.3-5.0 silicon or metal fuel 3.0-15.0 liquid fuel 0.5-3.0 porous component 0.3- 5.0 inorganic oxidizing agent rest

Option 2. A water-filled explosive, which includes an inorganic oxidizer, solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel has fractions with a diameter of less than 0.001m, not less than 9bmas.95 and additionally contains silicon or metal fuel with a particle size of less than 0.001m, liquid fuel , a porous component and a thickening semi-finished product with this ratio of components, wt.9o: solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel 0.3-5.0 silicon, or metal fuel, or their mixture 3.0-15.0 liquid fuel 0.5-3 .0 porous component 0.3-5.0 thickening semi-finished product 0.05-5.0 inorganic oxidizer the rest

As a porous component, the explosive contains expanded perlite, or fly ash, or glass microcapsules, or foam plastic, for example: polystyrene foam with a particle size of less than 0.01 m, or their mixture in various combinations.

Option 3. A water-filled explosive that includes an inorganic oxidizer, a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel has fractions with a diameter of less than 0.001 m, not less than 39bmas.95 and additionally contains an individual explosive substance, or gunpowder, or their mixture with fractions with a diameter of less than 0.05m and a thickening semi-finished product, and the inorganic oxidizer consists of granular fractions with a size of more than 0.001m, for example: ammonium nitrate and fine-grained particles with a size of less than 0.001m, for example, ammonium, or sodium, or calcium nitrate, or their mixture with such a mass ratio .9o: solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel 0.3-5.0 individual BP or gunpowder, or 10.0 - their mixture 25.0 liquid fuel 0.5-3.0 thickening semi-finished product 0.05-5.0 fine-grained inorganic 15.0- oxidizer 40.0 granulated inorganic oxidizer the rest

Option 4. A water-filled explosive that includes an inorganic oxidizer, solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, additionally contains liquid fuel, an organic swelling component, a thickening semi-finished product, and the inorganic oxidizer consists of granular fractions with a diameter of more than 0.001 m, for example: ammonium nitrate and powder with with particle sizes less than 0.001 m,

for example, ammonia, or sodium, or calcium nitrate, or their mixture, and as a solid fuel contains an individual explosive substance or powder with a diameter of fractions less than 0.05 m at this ratio of mass. 9o: individual explosive 10.0- substance 50.0 liquid fuel 0.5-3.0 organic swelling component 0.5-3.0 thickening semi-finished product 0.05-5.0 fine-grained inorganic oxidizer 5.0-40.0 granular inorganic oxidizer the rest

The water-filled explosive as a thickening semi-finished product contains a structuring agent, for example, trivalent iron sulfate in the amount, wt.9o 0.01-0.5 and polyacrylamide, or the sodium salt of carboxyl methyl cellulose, or guar and xanthan gums, or their mixture in various combinations.

Option 5. In a water-filled explosive, which includes an inorganic oxidizer, a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel has fractions with a diameter of less than 0.001 m not less than 9Omas.95, and it additionally accommodates an individual explosive substance, or powder with a fraction diameter of less 0.05 m, or silicon, or metal fuel with a diameter of fractions less than 0.001 m, or their mixture in various combinations, liquid fuel, porous component and phlegmatizing agent in this ratio, wt.bo: solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel 0.3-5 .0 individual explosive substance, or gunpowder, or silicon, or metal fuel, or their mixture in various combinations 4.0-20.0 liquid fuel 0.5-3.0 porous component 0.3-5.0 phlegmatizing agent 0 ,1-5,0 inorganic oxidizing agent, the rest

Option 6. A water-filled explosive that includes an inorganic oxidizer, a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel has fractions with a diameter of less than 0.001 m, not less than 9Omas.95, and it additionally contains an individual explosive substance, or powder with a fraction diameter of less than 0 .05 m, or silicon, or metal fuel with a diameter of fractions less than 0.001 m, or their mixture, liquid fuel, organic or inorganic swelling substance, or several substances, or their mixture in various combinations, porous component and phlegmatizing agent in this ratio, mass .9o: solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel 0.3-5.0 individual explosive substance, or gunpowder, or silicon, or metal fuel, or their mixture in various combinations 4.0-20.0 liquid fuel 0.5-3, 0 porous component 0.3-5.0 swelling component 0.5-3.0 phlegmatizing agent 0.1-5.0 inorganic oxidizer the rest

Option 7. A water-filled explosive that includes an inorganic oxidizer, a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel has fractions with a diameter of less than 0.001 m, not less than 9Omas.95, and it additionally contains an individual explosive substance, or powder with a fraction diameter of less than 0 .05 m, or silicon, or metal fuel with a diameter of fractions less than 0.001 m, or their mixture in various combinations, liquid fuel, porous component, phlegmatizing agent and thickening semi-finished product with this ratio of components, wt. 9 o: solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel 0, 3-5.0 individual explosive substance, or gunpowder, or silicon, or metal fuel, or their mixture in various combinations 4.0-20.0 liquid fuel 0.5-3.0 porous component 0.3-5.0 phlegmatizing agent 0.1 -5.0 thickening semi-finished product 0.05-5.0 inorganic oxidizer the rest

Option 8. A water-filled explosive that includes an inorganic oxidizer, a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel has fractions with a diameter of less than 0.001 m, not less than 9Omas.95 and it additionally contains an individual explosive substance, or powder with a fraction diameter of less than 0, 05m, or silicon, or metal fuel with a diameter of fractions less than 0.001m or their mixture in various combinations, liquid fuel, swelling component, porous component, phlegmatizing agent and thickening semi-finished product with this ratio of components, wt. 9o: solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel 0 ,3-5,0 individual explosive substance, or gunpowder, or silicon, or metal fuel, or their mixture in various combinations 4,0-20,0 liquid fuel 0,5-30 swelling component 0,5-30 porous component 03 -50 phlegmatizing agent 0.1 -5.0 thickening semi-finished product 0.05-5.0 inorganic oxidizer the rest

Option 9. A water-filled explosive that includes an inorganic oxidizer, hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, solid fuel, additionally contains a liquid fuel, a swelling component, a phlegmatizing agent and a thickening semi-finished product, and as a solid fuel contains an individual explosive, or powder with a diameter of fractions less 0.05 m, or silicon, or metal fuel with a diameter of fractions less than 0.001 m or their mixture in various combinations with such a ratio of components, mass. 9 o: solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel 0.3-5.0 individual explosive substance, or silicon, or metallic fuel, or their mixture in various combinations 10.0-50.0 liquid fuel 0.5-3.0 swelling component 0.5-3.0 phlegmatizing agent 0.1-5.0 thickening semi-finished product 0.05- 5.0 inorganic oxidizing agent rest

Option 10. In a water-filled explosive, which includes an inorganic oxidizer, a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel has fractions with a diameter of less than 0.001m, not less than 9Omas.95 and it additionally contains an individual explosive, or powder with a fraction diameter of less than 0 .05 m, or silicon or metal fuel with a diameter of fractions less than 0.001 m or their mixture in various combinations, liquid fuel, swelling component, phlegmatizing agent and thickening semi-finished product with this ratio of components, wt. 9 o: solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel 0.3 -5.0 liquid fuel 0.5-3.0 individual explosive or gunpowder or silicon, or metallic fuel or their mixture in various combinations 4.0-20.0 swelling component 0.5-3.0 phlegmatizing agent 0, 1-5.0 thickening semi-finished product 0.05-5.0 inorganic oxidizer the rest

The water-filled explosive according to options 1-10 as a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel contains stone or charcoal, or carbon black, or rubber, or their mixture.

In the water-filled explosive according to options 1-10, the inorganic oxidizer contains granular ammonium nitrate with particle sizes greater than 0.001 m, or a mixture of granular ammonium nitrate with 3.0-40 Omas. 95 fine-grained organic oxidizer with a particle size of less than 0.001 m.

The water-charged explosive according to options 1-10 as a fine-grained inorganic oxidizer contains granular, or crystalline, or ground ammonium, or sodium, or calcium nitrate, or their mixture in various combinations.

The water-filled explosive according to options 1-10 contains aluminum, or ferrosilicon, or silicon calcium, or siliceous aluminum as a metallic fuel.

The water-filled explosive according to options 1-10 contains a liquid petroleum product, such as diesel fuel, as a liquid fuel.

The water-filled explosive according to options 1-10 as an individual explosive contains TNT or phlegmatized hexane or their mixture.

The water-filled explosive according to options 1-10 contains ground or crushed ballistic powder, or granular or crushed pyroxylin powder, or their mixture in various combinations.

The water-filled explosive according to options 1-10 as a swelling component contains wood flour, or cereal flour, or clay, or their mixture in various combinations.

The water-filled explosive according to options 1-10 as a phlegmatizing agent contains glycerin, or glycol, or oleic acid, or talc, or aluminum hydroxochloride, or their mixture in various combinations.

In the future, this invention is explained by the description of specific examples of its implementation, but those that do not limit the invention, in accordance with graphic materials (diagrams and tables).

Figure 1 shows the dependence of the amount of water entering the explosive and the porosity of the mixture for typical compositions: 1 - granular ammonium nitrate-fine-grained TNT; 2 - granulated ammonium nitrate-ground ammonium nitrate;

C - granulated TNT-ground ammonium nitrate; 4 - granular ammonium nitrate-5095 is a mixture of fine-grained TNT and ground ammonium nitrate.

All these mixtures contain 295 diesel fuel. Dependencies 1-4 are obtained by pouring water into the dry mixture until it fills the entire volume up to the upper level of the undissolved residue. The dependence characterizes the process of filling the composition with water when filling the mixture with an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate with a concentration of 509 omas. Dependence b characterizes the average porosity of the given compositions. It is obtained by filling the volume of mixtures with highly fluid substances (alcohol or gasoline) that do not dissolve the used components.

Fig. 2 shows the results of filling the mixture with water, in mass. 90: 60.0 of granular ammonium nitrate, 20.0 - fine-grained nitrate, 20.0 - fine-grained TNT, to which 2.090 of diesel fuel was added in addition to the indicated content and the amount of thickener indicated on the graph semi-finished product: curve 1 - a mixture of guar and xanthan gums, as well as a structuring agent in the mass ratio. 1.0:0.95:0.05; curve 2 - a mixture of guar gums and a structuring agent, in the ratio of mass. respectively 0.95:0.05; curve C - a mixture of carboxyl methylcellulose sodium salt and a structuring agent in a ratio of 0.95:0.05.

Fig. 3 shows the experimental dependence of charge compaction on the height of the flow drop for an explosive mixture, wt. 90: 60.0 granular ammonium nitrate, 20.0 - fine-grained TNT, 20.0 - fine-grained nitrate, containing more than the specified amount of 2.0 diesel fuel.

The border separating coarse-grained and fine-grained components and equal to 0.001m is conditional. However, it is associated with specific restrictions on the amount of fine-grained substances.

The lower limit of the size of fine-grained substances is not established, because any polydisperse substances with really small sizes are acceptable from a physical point of view.

The upper limit of coarse-grained substances is adopted, based on the practice of forming bulk BP compositions and, in particular, the use of crushed tubular powders with real linear dimensions up to 0.05 m.

Quantitative ratios of fine-grained and coarse-grained components are established taking into account the characteristics of the water filling process of the explosive composition.

It is known that the effectiveness of the charge, along with the energy characteristics of the explosive substance, depends on its geometric parameters. Compensation for the change in the action of the charge when its height is reduced due to shrinkage in the process of water filling is carried out by increasing the mass of the water-filled explosive within the limits that ensure its final height between the height of the dry (non-water-filled) charge of the water-filled explosive and its height after water filling. The shrinkage of the explosive specified in the claimed method depends on the content of solid components of small fractions, as well as the type of water-containing liquid that fills the charge and is 0.5-35.095 (Fig. 4). Shrinkage occurs as a result of the dissolution of soluble components, changes in the forces of adhesion between particles and repacking of the solid skeleton of the explosive substance under the influence of the weight of the layers of the column of the explosive substance lying above. Fig. 4 shows the experimental dependences of the shrinkage of a mixture containing 2.095 volumes of diesel fuel, granulated and crushed ammonium nitrate and crushed TNT, depending on the content of small fractions. Numbers indicate: 1, 2 - filler (water), respectively, a mixture of granular and crushed saltpeter and a mixture of granular nitrate with crushed TNT; 5 - filler (aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate, 55.09 omas. and guar gum, 1.09 omas), a mixture of granulated and crushed nitrate.

The graphs show that with a small content (volume fraction up to 1095) of fine-grained components, the porosity and volumes of liquids (water, saltpeter solution) filling the pores change slightly when the content of these components increases. This is due to the enveloping of coarse-grained particles by fine-grained ones as a result of their adhesion.

When the volume fraction of fine-grained particles increases to a value greater than 1095, the porosity of the mixture and, accordingly, the amount of filling liquid decreases sharply to the minimum values observed in the range of the content of fine-grained components of 25-5095 volumes.

Further, when the volume content of fine-grained particles increases to a value greater than 5095, the porosity of the mixtures and, accordingly, their water content increases sharply. Mixtures containing ground saltpeter (dependencies 2, 3, 4, 5) are characterized by a shift of the minimum to a higher content of fine-grained components relative to the minimum porosity of substances. In these mixtures, it is observed at 45, 43, 40 and 4095, respectively, in contrast to the minimum at 3695 depending on the porosity.

Similar results were obtained during the experimental study of the patterns of water filling of mixed systems with various components. Various conversion explosives, such as TG-40, TG-50/50, A IX-1, A IX-2, crushed tubular and granular ballistic and pyroxylin powders were also tested as coarse-grained. As fine-grained materials, various mineral substances were used in their pure form and in the form of mixtures - kaolin, clay, solid fuels - coal, rubber, plastics, light hollow substances, for example, perlite, glass microspheres, fly ash - CHP waste, Styrofoam. At the same time, a significant spread of the values of the minimum amount of liquid absorbed by the mixture was observed. However, all the smallest values of the amount of absorbed liquid corresponded to the volumetric content of fine-grained components in the range of 10.0-50.095. It should be noted that fine-grained and coarse-grained particles can be of the same size, or of several sizes, or polydisperse.

The use of mixtures with a volumetric content of fine-grained components greater than 5095 is impractical, as it leads to an increase in the amount of filling liquid. In addition, the technological and economic indicators of mixtures deteriorate: flowability deteriorates, dust formation increases, energy consumption increases, and, therefore, the cost of the processes of grinding and mixing components.

Fast-dissolving substances, for example, ammonium nitrate, dissolve during the penetration of water into the voids of the substance. As a result, voids are filled not with water, but with a solution of a rapidly soluble substance, in which water is only a certain part. As a result, a smaller amount of water is located in the volume of voids than in the absence of a fast-dissolving component. At the same time, the substance is repackaged under the influence of the weight of the layers of the explosive substance lying above, in the process of which the volume of the substance that passes into the solution is replaced by the substance that has not dissolved. As a result of the dissolution of coarse-grained particles, the volume of the space between the undissolved granules remains unchanged or slightly decreases. In the presence of fine-grained fast-dissolving components, as a result of their higher rate of dissolution and saturation of the resulting solution, the dissolution and reduction in the size of larger particles is delayed. As a result, the smaller of the partially dissolved coarse particles occupy the voids between the large ones, reducing the volume of the space filled with the solution. In addition, fine-grained particles that did not have time to dissolve, in turn, fill smaller voids in the solid phase of the substance, further reducing the volume of the solution.

As a result, the introduction of rapidly soluble both coarse-grained and fine-grained components into the composition of the explosive leads to repacking of the solid phase of the substance and filling of the intergranular space with a solution, reducing the amount of water contained in the charge. More effective repackaging occurs in the presence of quickly soluble coarse-grained and fine-grained components.

The presence of fast-dissolving fine-grained components in an excess amount is especially effective, when the remainder of fine-grained particles, which has not dissolved, is sufficient to fill the intergranular space of coarse-grained components.

The lower rational limit of the content of the fast-dissolving component is determined from the condition of preservation of the "skeleton" of the explosive mixture, which, with a small content of small fractions, is based on coarse-grained components. This condition excludes the shrinkage of the charge column when it is filled with water. It can be written in the form of tm TrKr, KG (1) where tm is the mass of soluble fine-grained substance, kg; tr - mass of the solution, kg; Cr is the partial content of a rapidly soluble substance in a saturated aqueous solution at the temperature of water filling the charge.

Accordingly, the relative content of fast-dissolving fine-grained matter is equal to

Mom" M. - Tok z, (2)

Pvv /Pvv where tvv - mass of water-filled BP, kg.

Taking into account tr-Marr, tvv-Mvvrvvo, MpiePMvv,

Where Mp, Mvv are the volumes of open voids in the volume of BP and explosive, respectively, m; пр, рвв - density of solution and water-filled BP, respectively, kg/m; P is the relative content of open voids in the volume of BP, 95.

From (2), we get

Mrm x Pkr-e-9o (3)

Rvv

When establishing the upper limit of the rational content of a fine-grained fast-dissolving substance, it is taken into account that the minimum amount of liquid in the intergranular space corresponds to the smallest porosity of the substance. This is achieved when the remainder of the fine-grained fast-dissolving substance that has not dissolved fills the open voids. This second condition, which limits the content of this substance, is written in the form

TrmestrKra-tapm, KG (4) where tpm is the mass of fine-grained fast-dissolving substance that can be placed in open voids, kg.

As an estimate of tpm, we will take the value of tpm-Mprem, KG (5) where rem is the bulk density of a small, rapidly soluble substance, kg/m3.

From (4) and (5), revealing the meaning of the symbols, we get

Mrm pogo Ya Rom (6)

Rvv

In a typical case, for fine-grained ammonium nitrate P-26,095, Kr-0,58, рр-127Okg/mU3, рвв-107Оkg/m3, Роме8ЗОkg/m3.

Calculations according to formulas (4) and (b) determine the rational range of values of the saltpeter content among the fine-grained components Mom--(17.6-38.1) wt.95. Additional calculations indicate that for real combinations of components, the range of the content of the fine-grained fast-dissolving component is 15-4Omas.9o.

It should be noted that formulas (4) and (6) retain their meaning when filling the charge not only with water, but also with any other water-containing liquid, including a solution of the same rapidly soluble substance.

At the same time, the Ko coefficient should reflect not the total concentration of the substance in the solution, but only a part of the fine-grained substance contained in the filling explosive, which has passed into the solution additionally.

The introduction of a swelling component and a thickening semi-finished product into the charge as part of the explosive substance reduces the shrinkage of the charge and the amount of water in it. Swelling substances in the process of swelling compensate for the space vacated in the process of dissolution of soluble components, reducing its shrinkage. In addition, in the case of a charge in water in the absence of a sealed shell or accidental punctures in it, the swollen components prevent the filtration of water inside the explosive substance, which reduces the removal of soluble and, especially, small components. This ultimately reduces the amount of water entering the charge before the explosive explodes.

Fig. 2 shows the results of filling with water a mixture of mass 90: 60.0 granular ammonium nitrate, 20.0 - fine-grained nitrate, 20.0 - fine-grained TNT, to which 2.090 of diesel fuel and the amount of thickening semi-finished product indicated on the graph were added: curve 1 - a mixture of guar and xanthan gums, as well as a structuring agent in a mass ratio of 1.0:0.95:0.05; curve 2 - a mixture of guar gum and structuring agent in a mass ratio of 0.95:0.05, respectively; curve C - a mixture of sodium salt of carboxyl methyl cellulose and a structuring agent in a ratio of 0.95:0.05. Trivalent iron sulfate was used as a structuring agent. It follows from the given results that the direct sharp effect of the thickening semi-finished product begins when its content is more than 1.0-1.5 wt.95. At the same time, an increase in its content leads to a complete blocking of the flow of water into the charge. In addition, the effect of the thickening semi-finished product on the water filling process is indirectly affected by the slowing down of the liquid filtration process due to the charge. This effect is noticeable with a slight increase in the viscosity of the filling liquid, which occurs when common thickeners are used already at a content of 0.5 wt. At the same time, shrinkage and the degree of water filling of the charge decrease similarly to the effect of swelling components.

Filling the charge with water-containing liquids, depending on their properties and the amount of liquid, sharply reduces the solubility of the soluble components of the explosive until its termination and prevents the filtering of the surrounding water through the charge.

Compaction of the explosive substance before water filling reduces the number of voids and thus the amount of liquid, and therefore water, entering the charge.

The compaction of the explosive substance in the charge by falling of its flow on the previously formed pillar of the explosive substance is technological. It has been experimentally established that the explosive is sufficiently compacted by the impact of the flow if it falls under its own weight from a height of at least 0.5 m.

The graph (Fig. 3) shows the experimental dependence of the charge compaction on the height of the flow drop for an explosive mixture of mass 9.0: 60.0 granular ammonium nitrate, 20.0 - fine-grained TNT, 20.0 - fine-grained nitrate, which contains more than the specified amount of 2 ,0 of diesel fuel. The dependence was obtained as a result of pouring the specified mixture in portions of 100 kg into a polyethylene sleeve with a diameter of 0.17 Ohm from different heights.

According to the shrinkage of the charge (Fig. 4), the mass of the dry water-filled explosive required for the formation of the water-filled explosive in the charge is equal to

Mvve-(1.005-1.35)rvvsUvv, Kg (7)

Where rvvs is the density of dry water-filled explosive, kg/m3; Mvv - volume of water-filled explosive substance in the charge, mu.

Taking into account the fact that a partially water-filled explosive, not filled with water or a water-containing liquid, can be placed in the charge, as well as equality

Mvv - Mav. Kg (8)

Rvv where Mvv is the mass of the water-filled explosive in the charge, kg; rvv - density of the water-filled explosive in the charge, kg/m. the mass of dry water-filled explosive required for the manufacture of the charge must be at least

Meve - 0005 -135)288e Mav, kg (9)

RVvV

Explosives include an inorganic oxidizer and solid fuel, in which a liquid fuel, a swelling component, a porous component, a phlegmatizing agent, a thickening semi-finished product are additionally introduced, and as a solid fuel they include an individual explosive or powder with a particle size of less than 0.05 m, or silicon , or metallic fuel with a particle size of less than 0.001m, or their mixture in various combinations and solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel with a particle size of less than 0.001m at least 9Z9Omas.Uoyu, and the inorganic oxidizer consists of a fine-grained inorganic oxidizer with a particle size of less than 0.001m , for example, ammonium, or sodium, or calcium nitrate, or their mixture and a granular inorganic oxidizer with particle sizes greater than 0.001 m, for example, ammonium nitrate, while the components are taken in the following ratio, mass.oo:

Option 1

Silicon or metal fuel with particle sizes less than 0.001 m or their mixture 3.0-15.0

Solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel with the content of particles smaller than 0.001 m not less than 9Omas.9o 0.3-5.0

Liquid fuel 0.5-3.0

The porous component is 0.3-5.0

Inorganic oxidizer is the rest

Option 2

Silicon or metal fuel with particle sizes less than 0.001m or their mixture 3.0-15.0

Solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel with the content of particles smaller than 0.001 m not less than 9Omas.oo 0.3-5.0

Liquid fuel 0.5-3.0

The porous component is 0.3-5.0

Thickening semi-finished product 0.05-5.0

Inorganic oxidizer is the rest

Option Z

An individual explosive, or powder with smaller particle sizes

O, O5m, or their mixture in 10.0 - various combinations 25.0

Solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel with the content of particles smaller than 0.001 m not less than 9Omas.oo 0.3-5.0

Liquid fuel 0.5-3.0

Thickening semi-finished product 0.05-5.0

Fine-grained inorganic oxidizer with grain sizes less than 0.001 m, for example, ammonia, or sodium, or 15.0-calcium nitrate, or their mixture 40.0

Granular inorganic oxidizer with grain sizes greater than 0.001 m, for example, ammonium nitrate, the rest

Option 4

Individual explosive substance, or powder with particle sizes less than 10.0-0О.О5m, or their mixture 50.0

Liquid fuel 0.5-3.0

Swelling organic component 0.5-5.0

Thickening semi-finished product 0.05-5.0

Fine-grained inorganic oxidizer with grain sizes less than 0.001 m, for example, ammonia, or sodium, or calcium nitrate, or their mixture /5.0-40.0

Granular inorganic oxidizer with grain sizes greater than 0.001 m, for example, ammonium nitrate, the rest

Option 5

An individual explosive substance, or powder with particle sizes less than 0,05 m, or silicon, or metal fuel with particle sizes less than 0,001 m, or their mixture in various combinations 4.0-20.0

Solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel with the content of particles smaller than 0.001 m not less than 9Omas.9o 0.3-5.0

Liquid fuel 0.5-3.0

The porous component is 0.3-5.0

Phlegmatizing agent 0.1-5.0

Inorganic oxidizer is the rest

Option 6

An individual explosive substance, or powder with particle sizes less than 0,05 m, or silicon, or metal fuel with particle sizes less than 0,001 m, or their mixture in various combinations 4.0-20.0

Solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel with the content of particles smaller than 0.001 m not less than 9Omas.9o 0.3-5.0

Liquid fuel 0.5-3.0

The swelling component is 0.5-3.0

The porous component is 0.5-5.0

Phlegmatizing agent 0.5-4.0

Inorganic oxidizer is the rest

Option 7

Individual explosive or powder with a particle size of less than 0.05 m or silicon or metallic fuel with a particle size of less than

О.001m, or their mixture in various combinations 4.0-20.0

Solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel with the content of particles smaller than 0.001 m not less than 9Omas.9o 0.3-5.0

Liquid fuel 0.5-3.0

The porous component is 0.3-5.0

Phlegmatizing agent 0.1-5.0

Thickening semi-finished product 0.05-5.0

Inorganic oxidizer is the rest

Option 8

An individual explosive substance, or powder with particle sizes less than 0,05 m, or silicon, or metal fuel with particle sizes less than 0,001 m, or their mixture in various combinations 4.0-20.0

Solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel with the content of particles smaller than 0.001 m not less than 9Omas.9o 0.3-5.0

Liquid fuel 0.5-3.0

The swelling component is 0.5-3.0

The porous component is 0.3-5.0

Phlegmatizing agent 0.1-5.0

Thickening semi-finished product 0.05-5.0

Inorganic oxidizer is the rest

Option 9

Individual explosive substance, or powder with a particle size of less than 0.05 m, or silicon, or metal fuel with a particle size of less than

O.001m, or their mixture in 10.0- various combinations 50.0

Liquid fuel 0.5-3.0

The swelling component is 0.5-3.0

Phlegmatizing agent 0.1-5.0

Thickening semi-finished product 0.05-5.0

Fine-grained inorganic oxidizer with particle sizes less than 0.001 m, for example, ammonia, or sodium, or calcium nitrate, or their mixture in various combinations 5.0-40.0

Granular inorganic oxidizer with particle sizes greater than 0.001m, for example ammonium nitrate rest

Option 10

Individual explosive substance, or powder with particle sizes less than 0.05 m, or silicon, or metal fuel with particle sizes less than 0.001 m, or their mixture in various combinations 4.0-20.0

Solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel with a content of 0.3-5.0 particles smaller than 0.001m and not less than 9Omas.9o

Liquid fuel 0.5-3.0

The swelling component is 0.5-3.0

Phlegmatizing agent 0.1-5.0

Thickening semi-finished product 0.05-5.0

Inorganic oxidizer is the rest

At the same time, as an individual explosive, the compositions contain TNT or phlegmatized hexane, and the gunpowder is ballistic ground or crushed, or pyroxylin crushed or granulated, aluminum or ferrosilicon, or silicocalcium, or siliceous aluminum is included as a metal fuel, and as a mixture of individual explosives and metallic fuel, they contain compositions of recycled explosives, for example TG-40, TG-50/50, A IX-2.

Compositions as a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel include coal or charcoal, or soot, or rubber, or their mixture, and as a liquid fuel - a liquid petroleum product, for example, diesel fuel.

As a swelling component, the compositions contain wood flour or cereal flour, or clay, or their mixture, and as a porous component they contain expanded perlite, or fly ash - the waste of thermal power plants, or glass microcapsules, or foam plastic, for example, polystyrene foam with particle sizes less than 0, 01m or their mixture in various combinations.

The phlegmatizing agent is glycerin, or glycol, or oleic acid, or talc, or aluminum hydroxychloride, or their mixture in various combinations.

As a thickening semi-finished product, they contain a mixture of a structuring agent, for example, trivalent iron sulfate in an amount, wt.9o 0.01-0.5, and guar and xanthan gums, or their mixtures, or polyacrylamide, or sodium salt of carboxyl methyl cellulose.

Substances specially produced by industry for these purposes, such as granulotol or exfoliated TNT, as well as waste products, such as rubber, a waste product of used car tires, can be used for the manufacture of explosive compounds.

When obtaining fine-grained hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, the process of separation according to the size of particles strictly less than 0.001 m is often problematic due to low efficiency and high dustiness. Therefore, in the warehouses, it is advisable to use this component in terms of size with a particle content of less than 0.001m, not less than 9ZOmass.9o.

The components included in the composition of explosives perform their usual and additional functions: an individual explosive, or gunpowder, or silicon, or metal - a high-energy fuel, a sensitizer, a part of the "skeleton" of an explosive that does not compact and does not wash out when filled with water; solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel - energy fuel, pore filler that does not wash out when filled with water; liquid fuel - energy fuel, technological dust suppression agent, dry explosive phlegmatizer, pore filler; a swelling component - a pore filler and a compensator for the shrinkage of explosives when filled with water, a water-resistant agent that prevents liquid filtration during the settling of charges in flooded conditions, fuel (organic matter); a porous component - a sensitizer that forms hot spots in the detonation process, a pore filler and a part of the "skeleton" of an explosive when filled with water, an explosive density regulator, fuel (foam); phlegmatizing agent - dry explosive phlegmatizer, surface-active substance (oleic acid), which accelerates the swelling and thickening of the solution, thickener of the aqueous solution of inorganic salts, fuel in the process of explosive transformation, dust suppression agent (glycerin), fine-grained filler and antifriction material (talc ); thickening semi-finished product - pore filler and swelling component, water-resistant agent - reduces fluid flow in the charge by increasing the viscosity of the solution, while eliminating delamination in the charge and removal of composition substances outside the charge, fuel (organic substances); inorganic oxidizer - part of the "skeleton" of a substance that reduces its "voidness" in the process of repacking during dissolution, filler of voids (fine-grained oxidizer), substance that reduces the water content in the filling liquid during its dissolution, oxidizer in the process of explosive transformation.

The combination of the specified properties of the components in the warehouses of explosives according to options 1-10 ensures high manufacturability of the manufacture and use of these substances due to: high flowability, low harmfulness as a result of the absence of dust generation, affordable and inexpensive equipment for the manufacture and an extensive network of inexpensive charging equipment, the possibility of manual charging , low shrinkage of charges when they are filled with water, the possibility of charging in dry and flooded conditions with the use of polymer shells or after pumping out water. In addition, for their production on the territory

Ukraine and Russia have a wide raw material base, including significant volumes of conversion materials.

The proposed variants (1-10 compositions) of explosive substances have a wide range of energy and detonation characteristics, which ensures the possibility of conducting explosive works in any mining and geological conditions.

The table shows the results of laboratory and range tests of characteristic charges made using the claimed method and composition of explosives for its implementation. It follows that according to the main indicators of water filling - water content and size of shrinkage, as well as heat of explosion and critical diameter, the declared options significantly exceed the prototype.

Table

Composition and characteristics of samples of the declared variants of explosive substances

1 2|31|4|5|6||7 || 8 | about | at

Fine-grained ammonium nitrate 0000070 ro5o|3o00|ya00 z5o zvo - |zoo|z5o|yu o Powder ballistic.///-: | - | - | - | - | 35 and 150 - | - | - | - | - about Granulotol.i//-:/ | - | - | - 1714 - | - | - | - | - 200 16 TNT sheathed.0//-:/ | - | - | - | - | - | - |і6б0| 150) - | - | - Ferrosilicon (459565) | - |100|100| - | - |40| - | - || - | - oOxidisalva, /-: | 120 | - | - | - | - | - | - |! - 1 -- 1 Fine-grained coal | 120 | - | - | - | - | - | - | i5| - | - | - fine-grained rubber - |15|10/10| - |701|06| - |051 - | 04 diesel fuel /-:/ | - |15|15/151|15/|70|15|70/|20|10) t oMukaderevna.i/-:/ | /- | - | - | - | 10 - | oh! - | 10107 18

Perlitespucheny.ъ//-: | - /|20sh|195| - | - |20| - | - | 10 - | - oPoplvynosui/////// HER - | - | - | - | |20|20| - | - | -

Styrofoam Me! bloated | - | - |05|- | - | - |051| - 051 - | -

Glycerin. HER - | - 1 - | - 17001 0|050| 15) 1.6 Oleic acid | - | - | - | - | - |01| - | - |о01| - |008 talc 7-1 - | - 1-1 1051 - |0510541 - |05 oGuarcegosi 77777777 777 -Y - | 101055Щ1055| - | - 05510551 0.55) 048 Iron sulfuric acid | - | - |00510.05|1005| - | - Sh|0.0510.05| 0.05) 0.04

Critical diameter

And Usadsa, there is | 27 |18| 1219 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 7 | p

The technology of manufacturing explosive compositions is traditional, used in the production of bulk explosive mixtures. In the process of making a charge, a typical option is when a sleeve feeding device with a sleeve placed in an "accordion" is installed in the mouth of the well, and the explosive substance is poured through the mouth of this device with the help of a charging machine or by hand.

At the same time, due to the drop in the flow, the substance is compacted. Water filling of the charge is carried out either through punctures in the sleeve with water from a well, or by topping it up through the neck of the sleeve supply device. Filling the charge with a water-containing liquid - an oxidizer solution or an emulsion is carried out in the process of feeding the explosive substance, or by parallel feeding it, or by alternately feeding dry explosive substance and liquid, or by mixing liquid with dry explosive substance.

Charges of explosive substances that do not contain a thickening component are preferably filled with an emulsion or a solution of an inorganic oxidizer.

Sources 1. USSR patent Mo537624, СО6В31/28. 2. Patent of the Russian Federation Mo2147567, СО6В31/42.

Z. Seinov N.P., Valiev B.S. The technology of charging water wells with non-waterproof explosives. - In the book: Explosives, Me89/46. - M.: Nedra, 1986. - P. 204-215. 4. Baron V.L., Kantor V.H. Technique and technology of blasting works in the USA. - M: Nedra, 1989. - 376 p. 5. A.s. 5) Mo1630440, P4203/00 "Charge for well irrigation". 6. Patent of the Russian Federation Me2009109, СО6В31/28.

50 monday to friday! shi 2 and . A sq vYa | KoOykh

NO kro - From compulsion a z i i rap p in the 7th. ri and those

In ron | ra sh ; ! and in the same K000-she nya

Z t 20 M y v shi ! | ! and p p A o 20 40 6o

The content of the fine-grained component, in volumes.

Fig 1

TU rr nt vro ttnttnya ! ' - | And! I Z vkh m 5. pak mannya s chn e I y v: | often and oyu ---- ZhK | ok in with ! и 5 ух тя | / ! , !

В в и чашшшшч ги х | In M there is t | More !

Teacher: write me TV! and 0 o 2.0 3.0 4.0. 5.0

The content of the thickening semi-finished product,

Fig. 2

109 the detritus of the present day | (o ; - same Y s | ! | I - shi ayshshsh

WITH ! WHAT ! | ! them | zi ' - ! ; Well! and | | and

UZ and "N and Shchi"

VO 103 ry | What are the currents? write g 0 10 20 3, 4.0 5.0 6.0

Flow drop height, mm

Fig. From 300 | i - ! DE 250 t " p

Koevma E. 200; 7 LK. I. The old man didn't drink

KE 15.0 x ! at

I) | ; t y ----- - 30 1 hryvnia

TAT

5 What about

The content of the fine-grained component, in volumes.

Fig. I