UA35013A - Solenoid drive of vacuum switch - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the electrical engineering. The solenoid drive of a vacuum switch consists of a magnetic core, a rotor, guides and coils.

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to electromagnetic drives of vacuum high-voltage switches.

Known electromagnetic drives consist of an electromagnet (solenoid) and a mechanical holding device. Such actuators are of two types, such as those mounted in the frame of the vacuum switch, and of a separate design, which are connected to the frame of the switch (1).

The disadvantage of such drives, created on the principle of electromagnetic driving force, is their large mass and a multi-link system of kinematic connection from the armature rod of the electromagnetic drive to the rods of the pressure mechanisms of the vacuum arc extinguishing chambers (hereinafter referred to as VDC).

The new generation of vacuum switches have a drive part with electromagnetic drives and holding devices on magnets installed under each phase of the switch;

To this type of electromagnetic drives. developed in Ukraine, and made as one unit with the pole phase of the switch, include vacuum switches manufactured by SP RZVA (Rivne), these are vacuum switches of the VVKE-10 type (patent of Ukraine Mo 25132A) and vacuum switches of the VV/TEL-10 type (patent of the Russian Federation Mo 2202631 C).

Foreign analogs include vacuum switches with electromagnetic drives of the VBT-10-20/1600 type (developer of VEI, and manufacturer of DNVP "Kontakt", Saratov, Russian Federation).

To obtain the expected result and with the greatest number of essential features similar to the essential features of the proposed invention, the electromagnetic drive of the VV/TEL-10 vacuum switch of the "Tavrida Electric" enterprise in Sevastopol was adopted as a prototype.

The proposed prototype, like the invention, consists of a control coil (in the invention, an on and off coil), magnetic parts: an anchor, a guide (in the invention, two). In addition, the proposed prototype is equipped with a ring made of a hard-magnet material (in the invention, two permanent magnets) and a closing spring, which is absent in the invention. - The main disadvantages of the prototype include the fact that the holding force of the "magnetic latch" (the force created by the magnetic field of the magnetized control coil of the magneto-hard ring of the electromagnetic drive) is relatively small, therefore, the electromagnetic drive built on this principle is very sensitive to conditions of increased vibrations and shocks. which can be the cause of spontaneous shutdowns of the circuit breaker.

A disadvantage of the speed analogue is that the design limits the use of mechanical locking of the drive, the functional meaning of which is to prevent the on state of the switch in an intermediate (between working and control) position within the cabinet of the control unit.

The disadvantages listed above reduce its operational reliability (from the point of view of the degree of protection of service personnel), and accordingly limit the scope of application of such switches.

The proposed invention is a new type of electromagnetic drive, which is completely devoid of the disadvantages of the analogue.

The invention is based on the task of creating this type of electromagnetic drive with the use of new structural and technological solutions that allow eliminating the shortcomings of the prototype. At the same time, technical and economic indicators and mass-dimensional parameters should be improved and a higher degree of operational reliability should be achieved.

The basis of the proposed invention, namely the electromagnetic drive of the vacuum switch, is the principle of the two-position magnetic system of the electromagnetic drive. The armature of the electromagnetic drive in two extreme positions ("on" and "off") is held by the magnetic field of two permanent magnets. "Turning on" or "turning off" operations will begin only when the holding force of the permanent magnets is canceled by the excitation of one of the coils of the electromagnetic drive.

So, the task is achieved by using a multifunctional electromagnetic drive, in which with the help of on and off coils, the drive armature is moved from one extreme position to the opposite, and the permanent magnets of the two-position electromagnetic drive form two magnetic circles, the so-called "magnetic clips", in which it is reliably fixed anchor. At the same time, permanent magnets are installed with the orientation of the poles of the same name towards the armature, which is placed between these permanent magnets, coaxially with the on and off coils and with a gap relative to the magnetic wire in one of the coils depending on the position of the armature. In addition; in the electromagnetic drive, the following are installed from a magnetic material: the anchor, the guides and the magnet wire, which is made of stacked W-shaped plates connected to each other by upper and lower heating plates.

The task is also achieved by using the switch position indicator in the electromagnetic drive, as well as mechanisms for locking the switch on, which is absent in the prototype, and manual shutdown, which is implemented through the switch shaft in the prototype.

The application of this invention in an electromagnetic drive allows the armature to be fixed not only in the on position of the switch, as in the prototype, but also in the off position with the help of two magnetic clips.

The proposed invention allows for the creation of a high-tech, unified series of electromagnetic drives with different powers, which is necessary for the creation of a new series of vacuum switches.

In addition, the application of the invention allows to ensure mechanical blocking of the drive.

Therefore, according to the authors, such constructive solutions have an advantage over the existing electromagnetic drives of vacuum and other switches.

In fig. 1 shows the location of the electromagnetic drive in the frame of the vacuum circuit breaker.

In fig. 2 - electromagnetic drive of the vacuum switch (top view).

In fig. C - electromagnetic drive of the vacuum switch (side view).

In the frame of the vacuum switch, the electromagnetic drive 1 (see Fig. 1) is structurally placed, which is kinematically connected to the shaft of the switch 2. The pole of the vacuum switch is placed on the frame, consisting of an insulating rod З with pressure springs 4, a flexible conductive connection 5, of the lower contact 6, poured into the insulating case 7 of the VDK 8 and of the upper contact 9.

Structurally, the electromagnetic drive of the vacuum switch (see the top view of Fig. 2) consists of the following components and parts: magnetic wire plates 10, armature 11, two permanent magnets 12, switching rod 13, bearings 14, locking washers 15, axis 16, switching guide pad 17, guide block fixing plates 18, fingers 19, switch-on coil 20 and switch-off coil 21, as well as switch-off guide block 22, rollers 23, spring 24, manual switch-off mechanism shaft 25 and switch-off rod 26.

The upper 27 and lower 28 support plates (see the side view of Fig. 3) hold the charged magnetic wire. In addition, the drive includes a manual switch-off mechanism 29, a locking mechanism for turning on the ZO switch with a rod 31 and a spring 32. The retaining pin 33 allows you to support the intermediate shaft 34 with levers.

The switch position indicator 35 indicates the position of the switch and the drive, which also includes support plates 36 and 37 and guides 38 and 39.

The electromagnetic drive works as follows. The strength of the magnetic field created by the electromagnetic drive, due to its magnetic characteristics, moves the movable armature 11 (Fig. 2) from one position to the opposite and at the same time directly through the levers of the intermediate shaft 34 (Fig. 3). the shaft of the switch 2 (Fig. 1) and insulating rods Z (Fig. 1) acts on the moving contacts of the VDK 8 (Fig. 1). Such a kinematic scheme ensures minimal wear of its elements throughout the life of the vacuum switch.

Permanent magnets 12 (Fig. 2) of the electromagnetic drive of the vacuum switch 1 (Fig. 1) hold the VDC contacts 8 (Fig. 1) in the extreme "on" and "off" positions due to the above-mentioned "magnetic latch" system, which is based on a circuit the magnetic circuit is turned on or off, respectively, by the armature 11 (Fig. 2).

To turn on the switch, it is necessary to pass a direct current through the turn-on coil 20 (Fig. 2), at which the force of action in the magnetic field of the turn-on, despite the large gap between the armature and the magnetic conductor (see Fig. 2). will exaggerate the value of the armature attraction force in the magnetic circuit of the shutdown, where there is no similar gap.

Upon reaching the "displacement" value, the armature 11 (Fig. 2) of the electromagnetic drive 1 (Fig. 1) moves with acceleration, driving the entire kinematic link of the switch. At the same time, the insulating rods of poles C (Fig. 1) move up and close the contacts of VDK 8 (Fig. 1). Anchor 11 (fig. 2) stops its movement by choosing the aforementioned "gap" and is fixed in this position by a "magnetic clip".

The smaller the gap between the armature 11 (Fig. 2) and the magnetic circuit 10 (Fig. 2) of the magnetic circuit, the greater the force of attraction of the permanent magnets 12 (Fig. 2).

The resulting holding force is approximately 800 N. The switch is reliably fixed in the on position even under conditions of shocks and vibrations (which is a disadvantage of the electromagnetic drive of the vacuum switch taken as a prototype).

So, switching on the switch is the result of the joint action of the magnetomotive force of the switching coil 20 (Fig. 2) with the current and the action of the permanent magnets 12 (Fig. 2), which have a large energy capacity.

To turn off the switch, it is necessary to pass a current through the turn-off coil 21 (Fig. 2) in the direction in which the force acting on the anchor 11 (Fig. 2) will exceed the resulting holding force of the "magnetic latch". This force is the difference between the forces of attraction of permanent magnets 12 (Fig. 2), atmospheric pressure in VDK 8 (Fig. 1) of three poles and the force of three groups of pressure springs 4 (Fig. 1) of switch poles.

At the same time, while moving, the armature 11 (fig. 2) of the electromagnetic drive closes the magnetic circuit of the drive shutdown and thereby clearly fixes the switch in the off position with a "magnetic latch", which is provided by the permanent magnets 12 (fig. 2) of the vacuum switch. Accordingly, the operation is completed by moving the position indicator 35 (Fig. 3) placed on the switch rod 13 (Fig. 2) and the inscription "OFF" appears in the window of the front partition of the switch. It is essential in the design of the electromagnetic drive that the locking mechanism of the switch 30 (Fig. 3) allows, through the corresponding hole in the frame of the switch, to act on the rod 31 (e.g. by a special mechanism of the roll-out element) and move it in the guide holes of the electromagnetic drive and thus block the anchor 11 (Fig. 2) by yourself, which, accordingly, does not make it possible to turn on the switch (for example, when moving the switch in the cabinet of the control panel).

This electromagnetic drive was created at JV RZVA (Rivne) and passed all regulatory (electromechanical, switching and other) tests with a newly created vacuum switch.

According to the authors, such an electromagnetic drive of a vacuum switch is necessary for operational organizations of the energy networks of the national economy of Ukraine.

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Claims (2)

1. The electromagnetic drive of a vacuum switch, consisting of a magnetic wire, an armature, guides and coils, which is characterized by the fact that the electromagnetic drive is equipped with magnetic clips, which are made in the form of two magnetic circles of permanent magnets that hold the armature in both of its extreme positions, and charged the magnetic wire is made of W-shaped plates made of a magnetic material, connected to each other by upper and lower support plates, in the middle part of which permanent magnets are installed with the orientation of the poles of the same name in the direction of the armature, which is placed between these permanent magnets, coaxially with the switching coils and switching off and with a gap relative to the magnetic wire in one of the coils depending on the position of the armature. 2. The electromagnetic actuator of the vacuum switch according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the electromagnetic actuator is additionally equipped with an indicator of the position of the switch, mechanisms for manual switching off and blocking of switching on the switch.