UA34537A - Scalpel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to microsurgical instruments, that the can be used in the ophthalmology, neurosurgery, cosmetology. The scalpel has a sapphire blade rigidly fixed in the working part of the handle. The working part of the handle is made detachable, and the back of the blade opposite to a cutting edge is made polished.

Description

The invention belongs to medical equipment, in particular to microsurgical instruments that can be used in ophthalmology, neurosurgery, cosmetology.

When performing ophthalmological, neurosurgical or cosmetology operations, the surgeon needs to visualize the edges of the microblade and conditions for observation in the cut zone of various anatomical formations.

The well-known scalpel (A. p. USSR Mo1456114 Ab18 17/32, Bull. Mo 5, 1989) contains a handle with a working part on which a plate with a cutting edge is located in guides with a protrusion and an L-shaped tissue separator. A channel is made in the handle and the L-shaped tissue separator, in which a fiber optic cable is located with the possibility of connecting it to an external light source. The output of the optical fiber at the working end of the L-shaped tissue separator is made perpendicular to its plane. The plate is fixed to the working part with a screw through a longitudinal groove. In the presented design, the scalpel is equipped with an additional device for dividing tissues. This device illuminates the dissected tissue layer. But when performing a number of operations (keratoplasty, etc.), the tissue separator is not used. In this case, illumination of the section is impossible.

The well-known scalpel (pat. RF Mo 2051628 Ab18 17/32), contains a handle in which a source with a switch is mounted, and an extended working part equipped with a lighting element. The working part is equipped with a cutting edge with one-sided sharpening. The presence of a lighting element in the working part of the scalpel is only a better control of the direction of the cut, but it does not provide visualization of the capillary vessels in the area of the cut and the sharp edge of the scalpel.

The well-known multifunctional scalpel - tunnelizer (pat. RF Me2063179, Av1B 17/32), contains a tube with a handle, graduations, a working crown with a blade and a final thickening with a longitudinal notch. The tube is connected to the handle by a thread placed in the final thickening in the form of a channel with an internal cone and a cork diaphragm. The blade is installed on the outer surface of the working crown, made removable. The plug-diaphragm is made with a cavity for the laser light guide, and the tube is made with a channel for the laser light guide and for the barometric pressure sensor.

In the presented design of the scalpel, as in the above, a metal blade is used. The simultaneous use of a knife and laser illumination is impossible, because the opaque knife closes the wound. During the incision itself, laser illumination does not help the surgeon to orient himself. The laser light guide is introduced through the plug-diaphragm to treat the cut field in order to prevent infection and improve and prolong the revascularization function after the incision.

A well-known scalpel (A. s. USSR Mo1600727, Ab1B 17/32), which has a sapphire blade rigidly installed in the working part of the handle.

Compared to known designs, this scalpel has a simple structure, and the cutting edge of the sapphire blade is 300-400 A, which makes it possible to use it for microsurgery and ophthalmology.

However, during the operation, the surgeon does not have the opportunity to see the cut layer, and therefore the visualization of the capillary vessels in the cut area and the sharp edge of the scalpel, because the transparent thin blade is not easily visible during the cut.

The invention is based on the task of creating a scalpel that would ensure high-quality incisions and reduce tissue injury by visualizing the location of blood vessels and other anatomical formations.

The solution to the problem is provided by the fact that in the scalpel, which contains a sapphire blade, rigidly installed in the working part of the handle, according to the invention, the working part of the handle is made removable, and the end of the blade, opposite to the cutting edge, is polished and connected to a flexible laser on an optical contact light guide, which is located in the channel of the handle.

Making the working part of the handle removable provides the opportunity to change the blade in time when the cutting edge is deformed even during the operation, thereby ensuring high quality of the cut and reducing possible tissue injury. Moreover, if a chip or puncture has formed on the cutting edge, when illuminated, this defect reflects light differently than the rest of the lid and is instantly detected by the surgeon.

The connection at the optical contact of the flexible laser light guide with the polished end of the blade ensures the delivery of the laser beam directly to the cutting edge of the blade, while the blade itself is also a light guide. When the blade is inserted into the tissue, the sharp edge, which is inclined to the plane of the blade, is clearly visible to the surgeon, and the scattering edge laser radiation illuminates the cut field and nearby tissue in all directions, including before the cut, providing visualization of capillary vessels and adjacent anatomical formations , thereby contributing to a high quality cut and reducing tissue injury.

In addition, during the operation itself, constant laser irradiation of the cut layer is ensured, thanks to which the probability of infection is reduced and better sealing of the wound is ensured with anatomical matching of the wound crowns, which in turn contributes to the improvement of regeneration and repair of damaged tissues, and therefore to earlier rehabilitation of postoperative patients .

The scalpel is convenient for the surgeon, simple and cheap to manufacture.

In fig. 1 shows a sketch of the proposed design of the scalpel.

The scalpel contains a blade 1 with a cutting edge 2, rigidly inserted in the working part C of the handle 4. The working part C is made removable, in particular, it can be attached to the handle with a threaded connection. The polished end 5 of the blade 1 is connected to the flexible laser light guide b on the optical contact, which is located in the channel 7 of the handle 4.

The flexible laser light guide 6 is connected to the source of laser radiation 7.

The scalpel is used in this way. The scalpel is sterilized in a known way and the laser light guide 6 is connected to the laser radiation source 7 with a connector. After that, the tool is ready for use.

The surgeon takes the scalpel by the handle 4, inserts the blade 1, rigidly installed in the working part of the handle 3, into the tissue and makes a dissection with the cutting edge 2, taking into account the location of the capillary vessels and other anatomical formations.

The laser beam, passing along the laser light guide 6 and through the polished end 5 of the blade along the blade 1 itself, as if along the light guide, is refracted on the cutting edge 2, which is made inclined in relation to the plane of the blade.

Therefore, it is edge 2 that glows the brightest, providing the surgeon with precise control of the blade position.

The ability to adjust the brightness of radiation creates additional convenience in operation.

The scalpel has been tested in several specialized medical centers. The results of the tests showed that the scalpel: - allows you to perform an autopsy to the required dosed depth; - the quality of the autopsy is high;

- visualization of the location of blood vessels and other anatomical formations is ensured during dissection; - provides better sealing of the wound, anatomical matching of wound crowns; - contributes to the improvement of regeneration and repair of damaged tissues and earlier rehabilitation of postoperative patients. h

Ir 5

IA and 7 She 4 x x 6

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MIV 7

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Fig. 1

Claims (1)

A scalpel that has a sapphire blade rigidly installed in the working part of the handle, which is characterized by the fact that the working part of the handle is removable, and the end of the blade, opposite to the cutting edge, is polished and optically connected to a flexible laser light guide located in the channel of the handle .