UA155662U - Energy-efficient device of the combined exhaust ventilation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The energy-efficient device of the combined exhaust ventilation system, which provides for the use of an electric fan or wind pressure, contains a vertical main ventilation duct, an air ventilation valve with an electric drive, a bypass line with a fan and a gravity air valve, an exhaust shaft head with a deflector, a wind pressure sensor, and a programmable logic controller. The energy-efficient device has two air valves, one of which is gravity (installed on the bypass line next to the duct fan), and the other is electrically operated (installed directly on the vertical section of the duct in the area between the bypass line tie-in points in the main air duct).

Description

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The useful model belongs to the field of construction, in particular to the design and operation of exhaust ventilation systems of residential, public, industrial and special purpose objects. The useful model belongs to the systems that, according to the current ventilation design norms, can have both natural and artificial (forced) circulation.

In the proposed model, natural ventilation of the premises depends on the presence of wind and the use of a deflector in the design of the device, and forced air circulation in the system is ensured by the operation of a fan with an electric motor.

Known from the patent (1) is a system of automatic regulation of air flow in the premises of buildings, which includes a regular building ventilation channel with a louvered grid and an additionally installed air flow regulator in the form of a housing connected to the channel with hingedly connected and parallel upper and lower axes , on which rotary dampers are rigidly fixed, as well as upper and lower levers at one end, which are connected to the arms of a common two-armed lever vertically placed in the housing, the middle point of which is hinged through a central rod through a rod with a piston at the other ends through rods , with axial openings for air, installed in the case of a pneumatic damper for damping high-frequency oscillations of the dampers, and the opposite end of the thrust is connected through a restoring spring to the mechanism of manual adjustment, balancing the force of both dampers, elastic deformation of the spring.

The disadvantage of this useful model is that it can only be used to ensure the operation of gravity exhaust ventilation systems of the rooms of the lower floors of multi-story residential buildings to save the heat that is spent on heating the infiltrated air, and it works due to the difference in gravitational pressure arising from the temperature difference and as a consequence the densities of the external and internal air. At the same time, the system does not take into account air infiltration caused by the presence of wind and its direction, as well as the degree of tightness of the building's translucent enclosing structures. The specified technical solution cannot ensure the reliable operation of the exhaust ventilation system throughout the year, especially in the warm period of the year, when the temperature difference between the outside and the inside of the room disappears. The proposed system involves the constant intervention of a specialist in its work to adjust the manual adjustment mechanism of the balance spring of air

Of the dampers installed in the ventilation channel, since the amount of gravitational pressure, which determines the efficiency of such a system, is variable, even during the day.

As the closest analogue, a device with an exhaust chamber installed in the attic or technical floor of the building (2|. The exhaust chamber includes: an exhaust shaft with a deflector head, main ventilation ducts, a periodic fan with an electric motor, and a manual control valve Depending on the weather conditions, this technical solution makes it possible to use either the effect of wind pressure or the effect of gravitational forces due to the temperature difference between the external and internal air forced exhaust ventilation, in which the pressure and, accordingly, the movement of air is created by the impeller of the fan with an electric drive.

The disadvantage of the specified technical solution is the use of a manually operated air valve in the design scheme of the device and the need for the constant presence and response of service personnel to factors affecting the performance and efficiency of the exhaust ventilation system.

The useful model is based on the task of obtaining an energy-efficient device of a combined exhaust ventilation system (reliable and continuous in operation) with optimal economic operating costs, which works both due to the use of wind pressure (natural exhaust ventilation mode) and due to forced air circulation with automatic by switching the specified modes without using the labor of service personnel.

The problem was solved by creating an energy-efficient device of a combined exhaust ventilation system, which is made with the possibility of using a fan with an electric drive or the effect of wind pressure in its work and contains a vertical main ventilation channel, an air ventilation valve with an electric drive, a bypass line with a fan and a gravity air valve, an exhaust header shafts with a deflector, a wind pressure sensor, a programmable logic controller, according to a useful model, one gravity air valve is installed on the bypass line next to the duct fan, and the second air valve with an electric drive is installed directly on the vertical section of the duct in the area between the "inset" nodes of the bypass lines into the main air duct.

In addition, its design provides for the use of a wind pressure sensor and a programmable logic controller with the ability to control the operation of the fan and air valve with an electric drive.

In addition, it is made with the possibility of switching from the mode of artificial exhaust ventilation, with the use of an exhaust fan, to the mode of operation of natural exhaust ventilation and vice versa in automatic mode.

The essence of the useful model is the use of an energy-efficient device of a combined exhaust ventilation system, which combines elements of natural and forced exhaust ventilation in the form of: an exhaust center that has a vertical main ventilation channel with an air valve with an electric drive, a bypass line with a channel fan and a gravity air valve , the head of the exhaust shaft with a deflector, a wind pressure sensor with an output to a programmable logistic controller for controlling the operation of the device's electrical equipment. This design minimizes annual operating costs, ensures reliable ventilation of premises regardless of the time of day, weather conditions and period of the year. The device ensures the operation of the combined exhaust ventilation system (natural and artificial) without human intervention, rationally using the effect of the wind in the mode of operation of natural ventilation with the use of a deflector. The stated energy efficiency is achieved by periodic use of the fan in the artificial ventilation mode (in the absence of wind) - due to the saving of electricity and engine resource.

The drawing shows the general view of the energy-efficient device of the combined exhaust ventilation system.

The presented drawing schematically shows an energy-efficient device of a combined exhaust ventilation system, which consists of 3: 1 - ventilation main channel; 2 - bypass (bypass) line C - channel fan; 4 - gravity air valve; 5 - air valve with electric drive; b - exhaust shaft; 7 - deflector; 8 - wind pressure sensor; 9 - programmable logic controller (PLC).

The energy-efficient device of the combined exhaust ventilation system works as follows. In the event of a wind flow of any direction, which is detected by the wind pressure sensor 8, the corresponding pulse is sent to the programmable logic controller 9. Next

From the corresponding control signals from the PLC are sent to the control objects, namely the electric motor of the duct fan 3, installed on the bypass (bypass) line 2, and the electric drive of the air valve 5, installed on the vertical section of the main ventilation duct 1. At the same time, the electric motor of the fan Z is turned off (due to the disappearance of the air movement behind the fan along the bypass line 2, the gravity air valve 4 moves to the "closed" position), and the air valve 5 moves to the "open" position. In this mode (natural ventilation), the movement of air in the exhaust ventilation system is carried out using the deflector 7, installed in the head of the exhaust shaft b, which, due to the features of its design, intensifies both the movement of air in individual elements of the exhaust ventilation system, and the air exchange in general in rooms that served by her. If the wind pressure disappears, the relevant information is sent to the programmable logic controller 9. Further, the control signals from the PLC are sent to the duct fan electric motor

C and the electric drive of the air valve 5. The electric motor of the fan C turns on (due to the air movement caused by the operation of the fan, the gravity air valve 4 moves to the "open" position), and the air valve 5 with the electric drive moves to the "closed" position. In this mode of artificial (forced) ventilation, air movement in the exhaust ventilation system is carried out using bypass (bypass) line 2.

In both modes, the energy-efficient device of the combined exhaust ventilation system ensures its reliable operation without human intervention, rationally using the effect of wind in the mode of operation of natural ventilation using a deflector, or electric energy in the mode of artificial (forced) ventilation using a fan with an electric motor.

The use of an energy-efficient device of a combined exhaust ventilation system will make it possible to: - ensure the reliable operation of exhaust ventilation with the provision of calculated parameters of the microclimate in the premises served by it, regardless of weather conditions, time of day and period of the year; - to increase the energy efficiency of the ventilation system by periodically using the fan (only in the absence of wind), which will ensure the saving of electricity and motor resources and reduce the overall cost of microclimate creation systems for buildings of various purposes;

- to reduce the costs of maintaining a permanent staff of workers - fitters for the maintenance of the ventilation system.

Sources of information: 1. Patent for utility model Sha Mo 122241 IPC (2017.01) R24E 3/00, E24E 5/00 System of automatic regulation of air flow in buildings / Rydkevich V.A., Bozhok

A.M., Melnyk V.A. Announced on 07/20/2017. published 26.12.2017, Bull. Mo 24. 2. Reference book on heat supply and ventilation (4th edition, revised and supplemented). Book 2. R.V. Shchekin, S.M. Korenevsky, G.E. Bem, F.I. Skorokhodko, E.I. Chechik,

G.D. Sobolevsky, V.A. Melnyk, O.S. Korenevskaya. Kyiv, "Builder", 1976, p. 352.

Claims (3)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. An energy-efficient device of a combined exhaust ventilation system, which is made with the possibility of using a fan with an electric drive or the effect of wind pressure in its work and contains a vertical main ventilation channel, an air ventilation valve with an electric drive, a bypass line with a fan and a gravity air valve, the head of the exhaust shaft with deflector, wind pressure sensor, programmable logic controller, which is distinguished by the fact that one gravity air valve is installed on the bypass line next to the duct fan, and the second air valve with an electric drive is installed directly on the vertical section of the duct in the area between the nodes of the "inset" of the bypass line in main air duct. 2. The energy-efficient device of the combined exhaust ventilation system according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that it contains a wind pressure sensor and a programmable logic controller with the ability to control the operation of the fan and the air valve with an electric drive. 3. Energy-efficient device of the combined exhaust ventilation system according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that it is made with the possibility of switching from the mode of artificial exhaust ventilation, using an exhaust fan, to the mode of operation of natural exhaust ventilation and vice versa in automatic mode. Zo