UA147949U - CRANKSHAFT COMPUTER DYNAMOMETRIC - Google Patents

Abstract

The computer dynamometer consists of a rod together with a measuring scale, with a fixed sponge, with a movable frame together with a reading-computer device and with a movable sponge, with a sensory force sensor. The movable frame is equipped with a trigger with an external tactile surface and an internal tactile surface of the force sensor, which is connected to the force controller as part of the computer.

Description

The utility model belongs to geometric gauges for precise external and internal measurements of hard and soft parts.

Traditional calipers, according to the international standard 0ИМ862 ГИИ, unlike micrometers and indicators, do not provide for technical means of adjustment and control of the effort of measuring parts made of hard and soft materials.

Vernier calipers have a higher metrological potential compared to micrometers and indicators (2| due to the following differences: the possibility of measuring both external and internal dimensions, in addition, vernier calipers of type 1 ("columbics") also allow measuring ledges and depths; dynamic range ( the ratio of the range to the discreteness of measurements) of calipers is the largest among other geometric gauges and reaches 3.7 million; calipers of the SHTSCIPU-150/0.001 type allow you to replace micrometers in the range of 0...150 mm.

According to the official recommendations of the "European Accreditation Association" EA-4/02 M:2013, when calibrating calipers, the uncertainty budget consists of several factors, among which the most significant are mechanical effects, which are dominated by the influence of the instability of the measuring force |ZI.

In Ukraine, calipers are mass-produced for measuring hard and soft materials in an extended range from 0...150 mm to 0...3700 mm (21.

For more than 30 years, calipers in the range of 0...180 mm have been produced in Japan for measuring soft materials using a lever-elastic device on a fixed sponge.

Vernier callipers with current adjustment and automatic control of measurement effort are not produced anywhere in the world until now.

The development in 2015 of computer calipers with built-in mini-computers of the type "Tariye"" and "Ipiyyidepi" according to the well-known Ukrainian patents Sha Me99687 I4| and Sha Me128692 |5) provided new opportunities for the development of means of adjustment, automatic control of efforts and movements during external and internal measurements of soft and hard parts.

The useful model is based on the task of creating affordable computer calipers with adjustment, with current automatic control of efforts and movements

With external and internal measurements.

An analogue of the useful model is the 134-year-old American patent OB Me353561 |b|, in which the movable sponge had an elastic-lever mechanism to ensure the tare force.

The construction of the analog |bЭ| it turned out to be not very successful in the absence of an indication of the effort of measurements and analog reading, therefore it was not serially produced.

Another analogue of the useful model is the 130-year-old American patent О5 Мо425208 Г7Й, in which a measuring rod is mounted with a spring-lever device for determining the moment of contact, further movement of the measuring rod with possible calculation of the tare force.

Despite the lack of a vernier and a simplified design, the analogue (7| turned out to be promising due to the possibility of controlling the tare force. After 89 years, the analogue I|7| was used by the Japanese specialists "Mishowo" when creating their own modern tare caliper for soft materials |4|.

The disadvantage of the analogue I7| there is an impossibility of current regulation and automatic effort control.

An analogue of the useful model is also the 103-year-old American patent 5 Mo1288034 |81I, in which a measuring rod with a spring-lever device for determining the moment of contact, further movement of the measuring rod with the possible calculation of the tare force is mounted on the adjustable jaw.

Analogue of I8| in terms of metrological capabilities, it is similar to analogue (7), therefore it has identical disadvantages.

An analogue of a useful model is also an interesting 102-year-old American patent 5 Me1355724

IZI, in which a measuring rod with a spring-lever mechanism for determining the moment of contact and an indicator of the movement of the rod with an indication on an incremental scale, which can be marked for the tare force, is mounted on a moving sponge. Analogue of I|9| also has linear and circular scales, a set of interchangeable tips for external and internal measurements.

An analogue of IZ| summarizes early tared caliper patents in terms of advantages and disadvantages.

The very complex rod-micrometric design of the analogue (|Z) significantly worsens its technical and economic feasibility, in the future the analogue I9| was not produced and was not used. because Another analogue of a useful model is the well-known 20-year-old American patent 05

Mo3113384 |10| with the following differences: the tare device is placed in a movable frame in the form of a rod with two symmetrical springs, which are used alternately for external and internal measurements; the rod is connected to the threaded mechanism of precise feed; the compression of both springs is determined only qualitatively (without quantitative values), by the position of the lumbar screw in the longitudinal hole of the movable frame of the caliper.

The disadvantage of analog (101) is the lack of means of quantitative control of tared forces for external and internal measurements.

Another analogue of the useful model is the American patent OB Mo3060586 (11), in which the tare force (6...10N) for external measurements is provided by a micrometric head with a corresponding limited measurement range (25 or 50 mm).

The disadvantage of the analog (11|) is the limited range of measurements (25 mm or 50 mm) and the impossibility of controlling the tare force during internal measurements.

Another analogue of the useful model is the well-known 41-year-old American patent 05 mo4188727 (121) of specialists of the Japanese company "Mishowo", in which a spring-lever device of tare force is placed at the beginning of the measuring rod, which is implemented in serial digital tare calipers of the model 573-191- 30 of the Japanese company "Mishouo" (13) (measurement range - 180 mm, error - 0.050 mm, rated force - 1 N, price - about 1000 dollars), which has been serially produced until now.

To date, this is the only realized patent for a caliper with a dynamometric device from the Japanese company Miishuo.

Disadvantages of analog |121 are: analog patent (12) implemented only in a single model of 180 mm serial caliper with a rather large measurement error; lack of current adjustment of the tare effort; lack of automatic control of measurement effort (communication with the measuring device); the extremely high price of the Japanese tared vernier caliper I4| limits its use.

An analogue of the useful model is also the 33-year-old American patent 5 Me4873771 (14) with a lever-spring mechanism and a trigger.

The disadvantage of the analog (|14) is the impossibility of adjustment and automatic control of the force of caliper measurements.

An analogue of the useful model is the well-known 34-year-old American patent 05 Me5029402

P5Y, in which a dynamometric unit with a pressure sensor is connected to a counting device with a removable specialized microcomputer that calculates the dimensions of organic objects (cattle carcasses, cheeses and wood trunks).

Analogue (15) is very interesting from the point of view of global coverage and combination of different directions of improvement of calipers (dynamometric unit, adjustable microcomputer at the beginning of their appearance, carbon rods and many other promising directions).

Disadvantages of the analog (|15)| related to the lack of available and real technical means of implementing interesting but raw declarative proposals. Until now (for more than 30 years), analogue (15) is still not used in calipers.

An analogue of the useful model is the 29-year-old American patent О5 Мо5249366 (16), in which specialists of the Japanese company "Mishowo" proposed an electric sensor for touching the measured part.

The disadvantage of analog |16) is the impossibility of current regulation and automatic control of the measuring force of the caliper.

An analogue of the useful model is the American patent 5 Mo8898923 I17| from specialists of the Japanese company "Mishowo" with the following differences: the moving frame contains an electromechanical tare device with a rod and two elastic elements in the form of symmetrical springs on a single rod; the displacement sensor is connected to the measuring device of the caliper to control the forces during external and internal measurements when pressing the roller of the precision feed mechanism; taking into account the stiffness of the springs 0.25 N/mm and the controlled movement of the rod 2...4 mm, the pressing force is 3...5 N (171.

The disadvantage of the analogue (|17| is the high complexity and cost of the proposed tare device, which has limited its serial production and use until now (for more than 8 years after its patenting) (171.

An analogue of the useful model is the American patent 5 Me9212883 I181 from the specialists of the Japanese company "Mishowo" with the following differences: because the moving frame contains an electromechanical tare device with a spring element and a pressure force indicator; tactile and sound indication when the maximum effort is reached during external and internal measurements, provided that the precise movement roller is pressed; with a stiffness of the elastic element of 0.25...6 N/mm, with a controlled movement of 0.5...5 mm, the controlled pressing force reaches 0.1...10 N (18).

The disadvantage of analog (18) is the too high complexity and cost of the tared device, which has prevented its serial production and use until now.

An analogue of the useful model is the American patent O5 Me9267779 |19| specialists of the Japanese company "Miishuo", in which an electromechanical calibrated device is placed as part of the moving frame, in which a double torsion with an indicator of bilateral displacements in the range of 0.5...5 mm and a controlled force of bilateral pressing of 0.1... is proposed as an elastic element. .10 N.

Disadvantages of the analogue (|19|) are related to the complexity of the special non-standard dynamometric device and the limited capabilities of the digital measuring device, which does not provide adjustment and automatic control of the required force of caliper measurements.

An analogue of the useful model is the American patent O5 Me95413678 |20), in which the specialists of the company "Sagadiap GR" proposed a dynamometric block with an innovative system "Mad

Zrgipd", which ensures strictly constant forces during external and internal measurements of the caliper (in contrast to the increasing force according to Hooke's law when clamping the spring).

An analogue of the useful model is the American patent O5 Me9612099 I21| specialists of the Japanese company "Mishowo", in which the following innovations are proposed: the tare device for external and internal measurements is made purely mechanical and is placed directly in the roller of the precision feed mechanism, outside the movable frame of the caliper; the roller is made together with a friction mechanism designed to provide a bidirectional force of 0.5...10 N (211.

The disadvantage of analog (21) is the great complexity, impracticality, or even impossibility of its mass production:

З The mechanism of the tared device consists of a large number (more than 10 pcs.) of high-cost precision miniature parts; the mechanism of the tare device must be placed in the small dimensions of the available rollers of the precision feed mechanism (outer diameter of the rolling surface of the roller - 11.5 mm, thickness of the roller - 7...7.5 mm, internal base diameter of the roller - 3 mm); miniaturization of the calibrated mechanism makes the mechanical rigidity of the structure impossible, complicates dust and moisture protection, makes it impossible to function as a whole (for example, with the available dimensions of the roller of the precision feed mechanism, the length of the miniature spring of the analog calibrated device (21| should be less than 2.2 mm, which is not enough to ensure the declared effort 10 N); the unviability of analogue |21| is confirmed by the lack of its implementation for more than 5 years after its patenting (211.

An analogue of the useful model is the American patent О5 Me9631912 1221 of specialists of the Japanese company "Mishowo", in which a bidirectional calibrated device is installed on the moving frame in the form of a symmetrical ratchet mechanism with two flat springs to ensure calibrated pressing forces during external and internal measurements. In the specified analog (221), the authors do not indicate the available tare forces.

The disadvantages of analog (|221|) are related to the lack of objective means of control (indicator, effort scale), which complicates its use, therefore, within 6 years after patenting, patent analog (221) is still not used.

Another analogue of the useful model is the American patent 5 Me9417094 |231| specialists of the Japanese company Miishuo, in which an electromechanical tare device with a double elastic element (two symmetrical cylindrical springs on a single rod) and a patented displacement sensor (symmetrical inductive system) is placed as part of the moving frame, with a precision feed mechanism attached to the roller.

Analogue (23) has a very complicated combined design of the dynamometric device, while it does not provide adjustment and automatic control of the measuring force of calipers, until now analogue (23) is not used.

An analogue of the useful model is the latest American patent О5 Мо1069073 (|24| of Japanese specialists from the Miishuo firm), in which a mechanism for providing the tare force using elastic parts and springs is mounted in the precision feed roller. Unlike the rather complex previous analogues of the Japanese firm the current design is not expensive and complex, may be promising for future use.

The disadvantage of analogue (24) is the impossibility of current adjustment and automatic control of the measuring force of the caliper, until now the patent analogue 1|24| is not used.

Over the last 30 years, the leading researchers of the company "Mishowo" (Etitap, SooK, Tobiazzop,

Uapv5zop, soYidbuogipu, Satyu and others) have developed and patented more than a dozen mechanical and mechano-electronic dynamometric devices for calipers, but none of them has been implemented in serial calipers so far.

After 2015, specialists of the Ukrainian company "MICROTECH" hold leading positions in the development and production of calibrated calipers.

An analogue of the useful model is the well-known Ukrainian patent ОАМо104879 (251) from 2015, which proposes the following innovations: the tare device is made in the form of a button-rod that presses on a cylindrical spiral spring in a hollow body to ensure the tare force during external measurements; the tactile sensitivity of the user's finger informs about the achievement of the required tare force when the tactile moving surface of the movable rod and the tactile surface of the stationary end of the tare device body coincide at the same level; the tare device is fixed in a threaded hole, into which, as a rule, a threaded mechanism of precise feed is attached (in serial calipers with ranges of more than 500 mm) or is attached to the moving frame in another way; due to the rigid design and easy replacement of springs with different stiffness, it became possible to provide the widest range of rated forces (0.5...3 N, 2...12 N, 10...30 N and 25...60 N).

Since 2015, due to its simplicity and efficiency, the analog |25| used in its own calibrated calipers by the company "MICROTECH" G21I: since 2016 - in medium and large digital calibrated calipers; since 2016 - in computer tared calipers of the "Tarie!" type |4|; since 2018 - in computer tared calipers of the "Ipieiidepi" type (5I.

The disadvantage of the analogue (25) is the impossibility of current adjustment and control of the current force of caliper measurements.

Analogues of the useful model are also the American patent 05 Meo10429165 (26) and the primary Ukrainian patent Sha Mo100613 (27) from the specialists of the company "MICROTECH" (Ukraine), in which a tare device is placed between the moving frame and the precision feed mechanism as part of the body with an unfastened elastic element , which is pressed by a rod connected to a precision feed mechanism (roller roller or screw feed). Thanks to the strokes on the moving rod and the presence of a mark in the window hole "in the body of the tare device) it is possible to determine the tare force quite simply, quickly and efficiently during external measurements.

Serial production of calibrated calipers "MICROTECH" according to the indicated analogs (26, 27| began simultaneously with their patenting due to the technological design of the calibrated device (only 4 rather simple parts) and their successful combination with micron models of calipers (resolution of 1 μm and 5 μm) that in general provided the smallest errors in the world for modern calipers of 5 μm and 10 μm for the range 0...150 mm (21.

The disadvantage of analogues (26, 27) is the lack of adjustment and automatic control of the measurement force.

The closest analogue of the useful model is the Ukrainian patent OAMeo113164 (28), in which specialists of the Ukrainian enterprise "MICROTECH" proposed to install on each of the jaws sections of elastic elements with sensor force sensors, which are connected to the unit for indicating discrete pressures. In the closest analogue, the counting device can be special or counting-computer with a built-in mini-computer in accordance with the early Ukrainian patents for computer calipers |4, 51.

The use in the nearest analog (28) of the discrete pressure indication unit together with the counter-computer device makes it possible to construct load charts when the corresponding surface of the measured part is clamped by the measuring surfaces and to implement a large number of opportunities for geometric measurements and mechanical studies.

Thanks to a large number of independent elastic rods and a large number of independent sensor force sensors, the closest analogue (28) scans in real time the opposite surfaces of the measured part with the determination of the change of their macrorelief over time, which provides unique opportunities for users, especially when measuring parts with a special macroprofile and parts with because of special physical and mechanical properties.

Disadvantages of the closest analogue |28) are extensions of its advantages, as they are related to the complexity of its practical implementation and determining the expediency of its use in real production conditions, when the measurement requirements are limited by the need to ensure the optimal measurement effort for hard and soft parts to reduce negative influence of the user's subjective factor.

The task is solved by a computer caliper with a rod 1 together with a measuring scale 2, with a stationary sponge 3, with a movable frame 4 together with a counting computer device 5 and with a movable sponge 6, with a sensor force sensor 7, in which, according to with a useful model, a trigger 8 with an external tactile surface 9 and an internal tactile surface 10 of a sensor force sensor 7 is installed on the movable frame 4, which is connected to the force controller 11 as part of the counting-computer device 5.

The essence of the useful model is the automatic real-time determination of current movements and efforts during external or internal measurements with a caliper (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

Rod 1, measuring scale 2, stationary sponge 3, movable frame 4, counter-computer device 5, movable sponge should be ordinary and traditional for computer calipers (4, 51, according to the recommendations of the closest analogue (281.

A useful model can be implemented only if the counter-computer device 5 has a built-in microcomputer for mathematical processing of the results of measurements of movements and pressures.

The counter-computer device 5 is made 2-zone, with the possibility of simultaneous current control and display of results according to two indicators: geometric current measurements of the dimensions of the measured part; dynamometric current measurements of the pressing force on the measured part.

The trigger 8 has the form of a lumbar bracket on the movable frame 4 (can be fixed or made together with the movable frame 4).

The trigger 8 holds a two-sided sensor force sensor 7 with two opposite tactile surfaces (9 and 10): the outer tactile surface 9 is pressed during external measurements;

The internal tactile surface 10 is pressed during internal measurements.

Sensor force sensor 7 can be in two versions: specially designed, more functional, but more expensive; serial, universal and more affordable, for example, there is a two-sided force sensor of the H711.5kD.Modie type with a rating of 50 N (10 N, 100 N or others are possible according to the user's needs) on an aluminum profile beam.

The counting computer device 5 includes a force controller 11, which consists of a converter and analyzer of signals from a sensor force sensor 7.

The force controller 11 must provide: determination of the direction of pressure on the bilateral sensor 7 (on the external tactile surface 9 or on the internal tactile surface 10); determination of the current pressing force on the external tactile surface 9 or on the internal tactile surface 10 of the sensor force sensor 7; programming of nominal external force and internal force of sensor force sensor 7; comparison of the current external force (when pressing on the external tactile surface 9) or internal force (when pressing on the internal tactile surface 10) with the nominal external or with the nominal internal force; providing information to the counter-computer device 5 about the achievement of the nominal external force (when pressing the external tactile surface 9) or about the achievement of the internal force (when pressing the internal tactile surface 10).

The area of the contact surfaces of the jaws for external and internal measurements (respectively on the fixed jaw C and the movable jaw b) usually differ by several orders of magnitude: external flat jaws have a measuring area of 60...1200 mm; internal knife-shaped or cylindrical measuring surfaces have rather limited contact surfaces touching the measured part along the line of interaction; optimal measuring forces of external and internal pairs of measuring jaws are correlated with the area of their contact with the measured part and may differ by 2...20 times.

Optimal forces during external measurements of parts made of hard and soft materials with an area of measuring surfaces of 60...1200 mm are equal to 0.5...50 N. Because the calibration of a useful model for external measurements is carried out as follows

"Calibration method for external measurements": transfer the counter-computer device 5 to the "calibration" mode for external measurements; reduce surface measurements for external measurements (on stationary jaw C and movable jaw b) to the set optimal effort of external measurements; reset the counter-computer device 5 after reaching the optimal effort of external measurements.

Calibration of the useful model for internal measurements is performed in a different way, according to the following "Calibration Methodology for internal measurements": transfer the counter-computer device 5 to the "calibration" mode for internal measurements; use a sample ring of a certain diameter (10 mm, 20 mm or other known diameter "to" if the user has it); insert the jaws for internal measurements into the calibration ring with a diameter of "a" and press them with the optimal force for internal measurements; the actual diameter "a" of the calibration ring is automatically entered into the counting computer device 5.

The useful model allows you to automatically calculate the elasticity coefficient (Kyr) for elastic materials and springs according to formula (1) in the counting computer device 5 with a preliminary calculation of the difference in their sizes (11, 12) according to the difference in their load forces (P1, P) , see Fig. 2:

Kpr-(1-G2)DR2-RI1) (1)

The useful model is used as follows (on the example of external measurements): 1) Include a counter-computer device 5 and a force controller 11; 2) Set the "External measurements" mode in controller 11; 3) Program the optimal force "P" for external measurements in the force controller 11; 4) Calibrate and reset the counter-computer device in accordance with the "Calibration Methodology for External Measurements"; 5) Spread the fixed sponge C and the movable sponge 6 beyond the limits of the measured part;

З 6) The outer measuring surfaces of the stationary sponge З and the movable sponge 6 touch (lightly) the corresponding surfaces of the measured part; 7) Press (evenly) on the outer tactile surface 9 of the sensor force sensor 7 to further clamp the measured part; 8) Determine automatically with the help of the controller 11 the moment of reaching the optimal effort of external measurements "Rz", while providing information to the counter-computer device 5; 9) The value of the external size of the measured part is determined automatically with the help of a counting-computer device 5, which corresponds to the 3 moment of achieving the optimal force of external pressing "Rz" on the measured part; 10) Read from the display of the counter-computer device 5 and (if necessary) memorize the determined size of external measurements; 11) Repeat the transitions of paragraphs 5...9 when external measurements of the same type of parts; 12) Repeat the transitions of paragraphs 3...11 during external measurements of parts with other physical and mechanical properties (elasticity, softness, etc.); 13) Manually or automatically turn off the counter-computer device 5 and the controller 11 (in the absence of measurements within 20...60 minutes); 14) Repeat the transitions of paragraphs 1...13 with new series of external measurements.

The useful model does not require personal knowledge from the user and is used in the usual way according to the description.

The useful model can be used for any computer rod tool (calipers, rod depth gauges, rod gauges, rod wall gauges, rod clamps, rod radius gauges and other rod tools) (21.

A comparative analysis of the useful model with the most famous in the world tared calipers model 573-191-30 of the firm "Mishouo" (Japan) (13), table was carried out.

Table

Calipers

Indicators of calibrated calipers Useful model calibrated model 573-191-300 of the firm "Mishouo" (Japan) (13) μm - with an effort of 1 N

The conducted analysis confirmed the possibility and expediency of manufacturing a useful model, which introduces the latest technical and metrological possibilities of manual geometric and dynamometric measurements.

A useful model provides the best economic and metrological indicators of external and internal measurements of parts and determines the elasticity of springs and elastic materials.

Sources of information: 1. apaany IZO 13385-1 "Saiireg". 2. Catalog "MICROTECH-2020" 570A.

Z. Eagoreap assgeainainop. "EmaInayop oi She Opsepyaipiu oi teazigetepi ip saiibgayop". - EA- 4/2 M:2013. 4. Patent OA Me99687 "Computer caliper". 5. Patent OA Me128692 "Clip caliper "IpieiPdepi Saiiireg". 6. Raiep 05 Mo353561 "Bide saiireg". 7. Raiepi 5 Mo425208 "Saiireg". 8. Raiepi 05 Me1288034 "Saiireg". 9. Raiepi 05 Me1355724 "Saiireg". 10 . Ragep 05 Me311384 "Bide saiiregv". 11. Raiep 5 Me3060586 "Misgo-saiireg". 12. Ragep 05 Mo4188727 "Sopeiapi rgezzige 5iide saiireg...". "Bide dyde". 15. Raiep 05 Mo5029402 "BiIidipd daiyde". 16. Raiep 05 Me5249366 "ritepviop teazigipu ipbigitepiv". 17. Ragep 05 Mo8898923 "Buket apa teyioa...". 18. Raiep 05 Me9212883 "Saiiregog gog.se ipais ..". 19. Raiep 05 Me9267779 "RiIehirie toypi og soiriypa...". 20. Raiep 5 Me95413678 "Tib5zce saiireg".

Zo 21. Raiep 5 Me9612099 "Sotriiapi apa (pitrb..."). 22. Raiep 05 Me9631912 "Meazigipu ipbigitepiv...". 23. Raiep 5 Me9417094 "Rizriasetepi zepzog...". 24. Patent OA Mo104879 "Tara caliper ". 25. Catalog "MICROTECH-2020" 57ША. 26. Raiep 5 Mo10429165 "Tagea saiireg". 27. Patent OA Me100613 "Barrel caliper tare. 28. Patent OA Me113164 "Adaptive caliper".

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA Computer dynamometric caliper, consisting of a rod together with a measuring scale, with a fixed sponge, with a movable frame together with a counting-computer device and with a movable sponge, with a sensor force sensor, which differs in that on a movable the frame is equipped with a trigger with an external tactile surface and an internal tactile surface of a sensor force sensor, which is connected to the force controller as part of the counting-computer device. I have I / uranium, / t ky Z ryshe Y t y- d/ | 7 6 Fig. 1 5 a Y 2 1 So u pud Z ! with o 8-8 9 1--- ! in du - Fig. 2