UA143815U - METHOD OF DETERMINING THE LIMITATION OF DEATH OF DEATH BY THE METHOD OF SPECTRAL-SELECTIVE LASER FLUORESCENT MICROSCOPY OF LAYERS OF THE GLASSY BODY - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of determining the age of death by spectral-selective laser fluorescence microscopy of the vitreous layers, by assessing cadaveric degenerative-dystrophic changes. To assess cadaveric changes, the cerebrospinal fluid layer is irradiated with a laser diode with a wavelength of 0.405 μm, measured through an interference filter with a maximum transmittance at a wavelength of 0.45 μm, the autofluorescence intensity distributions of protein fibrillar body th orders, which judge the temporal dynamics of cadaveric changes. On the basis of which determine the age of death.

Description

The useful model belongs to medicine, forensic medicine, criminology and pathological anatomy, as well as physical optics, and can be used to determine the time of death and to study the polarization states of histological sections and polycrystalline films of biological layers, which is relevant in the study of the dynamics of the development of cadaveric processes of biological tissues and liquids.

Known methods of determining the time of death are approximate and based on the assessment of the rate of onset of degenerative-dystrophic changes in soft tissues. They are based on the determination of primary postmortem signs, early and late cadaveric changes. Primary postmortem signs include the reaction of skeletal muscles and smooth muscles of the iris to mechanical, chemical, and electrical stimuli, etc. Primary postmortem signs make it possible to establish the time of death within the first day after its occurrence. Early cadaver changes include cadaver desiccation, cadaver cooling, cadaver muscle entrapment, cadaver spots, and cadaver autolysis. Such cadaveric signs begin to appear already 1.5-2 hours after the onset of biological death, receive full development during the first 2 days after death and are not accompanied by significant structural changes in tissues. Late cadaveric changes also begin after the onset of biological death, but at a later time. These are putrefaction, mummification, saponification, tanning, etc. In order to accurately determine the time of death, the expert must take into account a large number of factors that affect the corpse, analyze the possible cause of death, conduct additional research and seek advice from specialists in various fields. Depending on the age of death and the conditions in which the corpse was located, the determination of the time of death is approximate with a fluctuation of 2-3 hours during the first day and 15-20 hours in the following days. The qualification of the expert is of great importance.

Currently, there is no objective, accurate and convenient way to determine the time of death. Our proposed method allows you to avoid the indicated shortcomings, to significantly objectify the determination of the time of death and to obtain accurate data that do not depend on the subjective assessment of a forensic medical expert.

A number of optical methods of polarimetry are known, which investigate the coordinate distribution of the polarization states of laser radiation in biological tissues. Analogue method described in

IA.s. Ovpepko, apa U.R. Rivnak And azeg Rodagiteigu oi Viiodisa! Tizzy Rgipsirieh apa Arriisaiopv //

Koo) ip Sopegepi-Juotaip Oriisa! MeiShyod5. Viotedis! Oiadpowiis5, Epmigoptepia! apa Maiegia! Zsivepse / ey. M. Tispip. - Kipmeg Asadetis Rybiyepeg5, 2004. - R. 67), based on the analysis of the distribution of polarization azimuths in laser imaging of histological sections of connective and muscle tissue.

The disadvantage of the method is the low accuracy of measuring the polarization azimuths in the image and determining their topological distribution, as well as the lack of information about the polarization ellipticity distributions.

Also an analogue of the claimed method is the method of determining the optical-geometric structure of biological tissues by evaluating the azimuth distributions and polarization ellipticity.

OHM. ApdeivKu, A.S. Ovyepko, My.A. O5PpepKo, Me... OvNepKo, My.Ma. TotKa, M.R. Rivnak

Roiatigayop-soiteiayop tarripu oi Bioiodisa! iiieviye sopegepi itadev // U. Viotei. Ori. - 2005. -

Moi.10, Mo.6. - R.064025)|. In an analogous method, using a quarter-wave plate and a polarizer, the coordinate distribution of azimuths and ellipticity of polarization in the plane of the laser image is measured, which determines the optical-geometric structure of the architectural mesh of connective and muscular biological tissues.

The main drawback of the analog method is the lack of data on the reasons for the change in the optical properties of the biological tissues of a human corpse, as well as the use of a limited number of tissues of different types.

An analogue of a useful model is the method of determining the age of death by assessing degenerative-dystrophic changes in soft tissues (Bedryn L.M., Kryukov V.N., Litvak A.S. et al.

Forensic medicine. - M.: Medicine, 1987. - 464 p.), in which the time of death is determined by the diagnosis of degenerative-dystrophic changes in soft tissues. At the same time, degenerative-dystrophic changes are assessed by detecting early and late cadaveric changes (drying, cooling, muscle entrapment of the corpse, corpse stains, cadaveric autolysis, putrefaction, mummification, saponification, tanning), the presence of which is compared with the conditions in which the corpse is located, possible causes of death and the time limit for the development of such changes.

The disadvantages of the analogue are that there is a relative, subjective determination of the time of death, which largely depends on the qualifications of the expert, low accuracy of determining the time of death with a large fluctuation interval, the need to take into account a large number of factors that can significantly change the time of onset of individual cadaver changes, the need for consultations with other specialists - ecologists, entomologists, botanists, etc., which significantly slows down the diagnosis in time and leads to the attraction of additional funds.

The useful model is based on the task of improving the method of determining the age of death by assessing degenerative-dystrophic cadaveric changes by determining the temporal changes of statistical moments of the 1st-4th orders, which characterize the coordinate distributions of the intensity values of laser-induced autofluorescence of the protein fibrillar networks of the layers of the vitreous body for expansion functional possibilities of diagnosing anisotropy of biological fluids of a human corpse, as well as increasing the accuracy of measuring the time of death.

The task is solved by the fact that the method of determining the time of death by the method of spectral-selective laser fluorescence microscopy of the layers of the vitreous body, by evaluating the cadaveric degenerative-dystrophic changes. To evaluate cadaveric changes, the CSF layer is irradiated with radiation from a laser diode with a wavelength of 0.405 μm, measured through an interference light filter with a maximum transmission at a wavelength of 0.45 μm, the distributions of the intensity of autofluorescence of protein fibrillar networks of the vitreous body of a human corpse, the values of statistical moments 1-4- are calculated th orders by which the temporal dynamics of cadaveric changes are judged. On the basis of what the time of death is determined.

Common features of the analogue and the proposed solution are the use of degenerative-dystrophic changes to determine the age of death. The useful model differs from its analogue in that it uses radiation from a laser diode with a wavelength of 0.405 μm, measures through an interference light filter with a maximum transmission at a wavelength of 0.45 μm, distributions of the intensity of autofluorescence of white fibrillar networks of the vitreous body of a human corpse, calculates the values of statistical moments 1- of the 4th orders, by which the temporal dynamics of cadaveric changes are judged, on the basis of which the age of death is determined.

The method is carried out as follows:

To assess the age of death, samples of the vitreous body are taken from the corpse. With the help of the device, laser irradiation of the experimental sample is carried out, the distributions of autofluorescence intensity of the bileu fibrillar networks of the vitreous body of the human corpse are measured through an interference light filter with a maximum transmission at a wavelength of 0.45 μm.

Based on the evaluation of the temporal dynamics of changes in the values of the statistical moments of the 1st-4th orders of the distribution of the fluorescence intensity of the vitreous body layer, the age of the onset of death is determined.

The theoretical basis for using the method is the following data. Idea (Laser polarization morphology of biological tissues: statistical and fractal approaches. Monograph / |Ushenko O.G., Pishak V.P., Angelskyi O.V., Ushenko Yu.O.|. - Chernivtsi: Kolor-Druk, 2007. - 314 si laser fluorescence consists in irradiating human biological tissues with a corodiechdrv beam with a wavelength of А-0.405 μm, which has an energy of M/

X, (7).

Here c is the speed of light; PP - became Planck.

When such energy is absorbed by vitreous protein molecules, their activation occurs, followed by fluorescence in the form of reradiation in the longer-wavelength region. h. (2)

Thus, depending on the number and concentration of such molecules in the layer of the vitreous body, there is a uniform distribution of the intensity of auto-fluorescence

Go ch I (3)

Thus, based on the measured values of the intensity of their autofluorescence of the vitreous layer for each individual pixel (tp) of the CSO camera, it is possible to unambiguously determine the statistical moments of the 1st-4th orders

1 M

ZM, - HO; 1 where

ZM" - 1 HD;

M i-i 1 1 z

ZM -- 5; to Me 11 5Mmy --x (0 (to Mi , (4) where M is the total number of pixels of the CSO camera, which registers a polarization-inhomogeneous microscopic image of the layers of the vitreous body.

The use of a useful model is explained by the following data.

Table 1 and Table 2 show the time intervals and accuracy of determining the age of death.

Table 1

Temporal dynamics of changes in the magnitude of the statistical moments of the 1st-4th orders (ZMi-1:2:3:4), which characterize the distributions of the intensity of laser spectral-selective autofluorescence (Х-0.45 μm) of the polycrystalline component of the ST layers of the deceased with different DNO (T, h.) 0.83-0.039 | 0.78:0.033 | 0.67-0.029 | 0.5220.022 | 0.3620.014 | 0,210,009 | work rl 0.05 r 0.05 r 0.05 r 0.05 r 0.05 0.47-0.021 | 0.42x0.018 | 0.3620.015 | 0.25-0.011 | 0.15240.007 | 0.0350.002 r. | rlto05 r 0.05 r 0.05 r 0.05 r 0.05 r 0.05 0.22-0.009 | 0.35:0.015 | 0.48.40.018 | 0.75240.031 | 1.0120.044 | 1,270,057 r. | work rl 0.05 r 0.05 r 0.05 r 0.05 r 0.05 0.11-0.005 | 0.5120.022 | 0.7150.031 | 1.1120.046 | 1.5250.069 | 1.9120.087 r. | work rl 0.05 r 0.05 r 0.05 r 0.05 r 0.05

Table 2

The accuracy of determination of DNA by the laser spectral-selective (X-0.45 Mmμm) fluorescence microscopy of ST layers

The technical result provides a new set of actions that make up the proposed method, which leads to the expansion of functional capabilities and an increase in the accuracy of determining the age of death by temporal monitoring of changes in the values of the statistical moments of the fluorescence intensity distributions of the layers of the vitreous body. For the first time, we used the radiation of a laser diode with a wavelength of 0.405 μm, measured through an interference light filter with a maximum transmission at a wavelength of 0.45 μm, distributions of the intensity of autofluorescence of whitish fibrillar networks of the vitreous body of a human corpse, calculated the values of statistical moments of the 1st-4th orders, according to which are used to judge the temporal dynamics of cadaveric changes, on the basis of which the age of death is determined.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA The method of determining the time of death by the method of spectral-selective laser fluorescence microscopy of the layers of the vitreous body, by evaluating cadaveric degenerative dystrophic changes, which is distinguished by the fact that for the assessment of cadaveric changes, the cerebrospinal fluid layer is irradiated with radiation from a laser diode with a wavelength of 0.405 μm, measured through an interference light filter with maximum transmission at the wavelength 0.45 μm, distributions of the intensity of autofluorescence of protein fibrillar networks of the vitreous body of a human corpse, calculate the values of the statistical moments of the 1st-4th orders, which are used to judge the temporal dynamics of cadaveric changes, on the basis of which the age of death is determined.