UA139463U - EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEM OF HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

The explosion and fire prevention system of high-voltage electrical equipment is located in a closed, filled with combustible liquid tank, equipped with at least one removable hatch, expander and process pipelines contains a pressure relief device in the tank, which includes a mechanical valve and a diaphragm. , connected to a device that shuts off high-voltage electrical equipment, and pipes for draining flammable liquids in a safe place. The valve located in the pipeline of the expander is intended for cutting off of combustible liquid in the expander from the tank at pressure release. Modular installation of automatic gas fire extinguishing, which includes a tank for fire extinguishing gas, a solenoid valve for the release of fire extinguishing gas from the tank, the main and distribution pipeline for gas supply to the tank, the control unit. The system further comprises at least two collapsible membranes mounted on the at least one removable tank hatch through an additionally installed collector, made with notches, which provide the possibility of destruction at a certain dynamic pressure in the tank and connected according to their rupture sensors. At least one relay that operates when the rate of increase of combustible liquid pressure inside the tank is connected to a control unit, a solenoid valve for releasing fire-extinguishing gas from the tank of a modular automatic gas fire extinguishing system and a device that shuts off high-voltage equipment. At least one relay that operates when the temperature of the combustible liquid inside the tank is exceeded is connected to a control unit, a solenoid valve for releasing fire-extinguishing gas from the tank of a modular automatic gas fire extinguishing system and a device that shuts off high-voltage equipment. At least one additional solenoid valve and in series connected to it an additional non-return mechanical valve and a manual valve installed at the inlet of the distribution pipe of the fire extinguishing system in the tank, which ensure no leakage of fire extinguishing gas in the distribution pipe, and the solenoid valve is connected to the block. At least one additional distribution pipe connecting the gas fire extinguishing system with pipes for draining flammable liquid in a safe place.

Description

The utility model is for devices to prevent explosions and fires in closed tanks of flammable liquids containing electrical equipment, such as transformer tanks filled with flammable transformer oil, electrical reactors, switchgear tanks and cable entry boxes.

During the operation of such tanks, technological work is performed on draining and filling of combustible liquid, work on sampling to analyze the properties of the liquid and/or cleaning it from impurities, work on inspection, installation and/or dismantling of the equipment inside the tank. For these purposes, there are technological pipelines with shut-off fittings and hatches with removable covers on the walls and/or lid of the tank.

When the temperature inside the tank increases, for example, when the ambient temperature increases or due to additional heating of the equipment located inside the tank, during current or voltage overloads, the volume of combustible liquid increases and, accordingly, the pressure on the walls, bottom and lid of the tank increases. To compensate for this increase in pressure, a capacity is installed above the tank - an expander connected to the tank by a pipeline and partially filled with flammable liquid so that the increase in the volume of the flammable liquid in the tank is compensated by the increase in its volume in the expander.

The causes of explosions and fires in tanks can be: violation of fire safety rules during technological works; the appearance of an electric arc inside the tank, which occurs in electrical equipment during lightning and switching overvoltages, external and internal short circuits, in the presence of defects in the insulation of the equipment.

In the first case, the combustible liquid first ignites, and then, as the fire progresses, the tank explodes and ruptures.

In the second case, in the area of the electric arc under the influence of its high temperature, decomposition of the flammable liquid and the appearance of flammable gases, such as hydrogen, acetylene, methane, and others, first occur. The rapid increase in the volume of these gases increases the pressure inside the tank. In the expander and its pipeline, such a rapid increase cannot be compensated for, which at a certain power of the electric arc and its burning time leads to a rupture of the tank and a fire.

That is, in the second case, an explosion first occurs, and then a fire.

Z Various automatic systems of gas fire extinguishing in closed tanks with flammable liquid are known. For example, modular installations | see RF patent No. 2615973, application No. 2015152550 dated 12.08.2015, publ. 04/11/2017, IPC Ab2S 2/001. Such systems almost always contain the following four modules: module 1 - a device for long-term storage under high pressure of a gaseous fire-extinguishing substance (gas), including a rack on which high-pressure cylinders with inert gas are installed, safety and switching valves, pressure control devices and/or scales of gas in cylinders, a shut-off and start-up device with remote control, which is responsible for gas storage and release; module 2 - main and distribution pipelines, distribution devices for supplying gas in the required direction and valves on pipelines for supplying gas into the tank; module Z - fire detectors, including sensors, devices for collecting, converting and transmitting sensor signals to module 4; module 4 - the control unit for the locking-starting device of module 1 according to the signals of the fire detectors of module C and the transmission of the activation signal to the visualization and signaling panel of the equipment.

In the case of the first type of fire causes, such systems effectively extinguish and localize the fire within the tank to prevent its spread to nearby equipment.

In the case of the second type of causes of fire, such systems are not effective, as they are characterized by great inertia and do not protect the tank from explosion in the event of a powerful electric arc.

In some cases, with low energy of the electric arc and a short burning time, non-flammable transformer oils of vegetable origin are used to slow down the decomposition of the flammable liquid instead of ordinary mineral transformer oils, for example, the "Muyo 1102X" brand from the "Mupaz" company, for example, the "ENZM" brand from the "company" Soore"".

At the same time, the explosion of the tank due to the increase in internal pressure is delayed for a time of about several milliseconds. This time is insufficient for the effective activation of gas extinguishing systems, but the strength of the tank may be sufficient to prevent it from bursting.

Gas and differential current protections are used to reduce the burning time of an electric arc and, accordingly, to reduce the volume of released combustible gases and increase the pressure for electrical equipment located inside the tank with a flammable liquid.

Gas protection contains a device that accumulates gases released inside the tank, and when they reach a certain volume, a relay is triggered, generating a signal to turn off the electrical equipment. An example of such a device is the VE-80/0 gas relay, which is serially produced by the EMV company in accordance with the EM 50216 standard.

Differential current protection contains devices that compare the values of input and output currents in electrical equipment, and generates a signal to turn off the equipment when the difference in currents exceeds the permissible values.

The presence of gas and differential current protection is mandatory, in accordance with the requirements of international and national standards. When one of the protections is activated, the equipment is disconnected from the mains voltage with the help of switches. However, circuit breakers contain mechanical elements that have a certain inertia, slow down disconnection, and with high arc power, its burning time remains sufficient for the formation of such a volume and pressure of combustible gases, which can lead to an explosion and major destruction of electrical equipment inside the tank.

When the energy of the electric arc increases and/or the time it burns, mechanical pressure relief valves are installed on the tank to prevent the rupture of the tank when the pressure in it increases. These valves have springs that ensure the closing of the valve cover in the nominal state and the opening of the cover when the pressure difference outside and inside the valve is exceeded by a given value. For example, the Omayito! releases pressure relief valves of type I RAS and

HRVAO for exceeding the pressure of 50 bar and 80 bar. The installation of pressure relief valves is stipulated by the requirements of international standards and is mandatory for tanks containing powerful high-voltage electrical equipment. However, as practice shows, electric arcs of great power can occur in this equipment, which create such a rapid increase in pressure that the mechanical springs of the valve do not have time to react. This leads to delayed pressure release, explosion and rupture of the tank.

In the case of depressurization of the tank during an explosion and the corresponding decrease in pressure, the flammable liquid from the expander flows back into the tank, increasing the volume of the fire. To eliminate this phenomenon and, accordingly, reduce the volume of fire, an electromagnetic or mechanical valve is installed in the pipeline of the expander, designed to cut off combustible

From the liquid in the expander from the flammable liquid in the tank. An example of such shut-off valves can be valves of the NOV brand of the SOMEM company (m/ml.sotet.sot). The installation of shut-off valves is stipulated by the requirements of international standards and is mandatory for tanks containing powerful high-voltage electrical equipment. Shut-off valves contribute to reducing the volume of fire, but do not prevent their occurrence.

The well-known explosion and fire prevention system of high-voltage electrical equipment, which is located in a closed tank filled with flammable liquid, of the Indian company "Citier Manufacturing Industries Limited, IP" | see patent of Ukraine Me 90554 with convention priority dated November 16, 2005, IM 1425/MOM/2005, publ. 12/25/2008, IPC NOTE 27/00, НО2гР 13/00 and patent of Ukraine Mo 99843 with convention priority from 01/01/2008, IM 00010/MOM/2008, publ. 10.10.2012, IPC NOTE 27/00, НО2Н 7/04, 9/001, which simultaneously contains an automatic gas fire extinguishing system and an electromagnetic pressure relief valve.

The solenoid valve is triggered by a signal from the control unit. According to this signal, the gas fire extinguishing installation starts working, supplying inert gas (for example, nitrogen) to the lower part of the tank with electrical equipment. The formation of the control signal is carried out on the condition that signals are received from each of the three explosion detectors. As the first detector in the system, electric sensor relays installed at the input and output of the windings of electrical equipment are used, which are triggered when the set permissible values of the difference in currents at the input and output are exceeded. As a second detector in the system, a gas relay is used, which is activated when the specified permissible values of the volume of accumulated gas are exceeded. A switch is used as the third detector, which disconnects the electrical equipment from the voltage.

This known system has the following disadvantages.

First, the electrical sensor relays contained in the system duplicate the differential current protection devices. At the same time, their additional installation as explosion detectors is not required. Secondly, the additional gas relay - the explosion detector, duplicates the gas relays already available on the electrical equipment in accordance with the requirements of the standards, and their additional installation is also not required. In addition, the accumulation of gases in the gas relay occurs much more slowly than the increase in pressure in the tank when an electric arc burns in it due to the small diameter and, accordingly, the large hydraulic resistance of the pipeline that brings the flammable liquid to the gas relay. Thirdly, the use of a switch activation signal to initiate pressure relief, 3-if there are inertial mechanical assemblies in the circuit breaker design, leads to a delay in the operation of the pressure relief solenoid valve. Fourth, in a number of cases, for example, with short circuits in the network that feeds the electrical equipment located in the tank, the differential current and gas protection and, accordingly, the circuit breaker may trip, but the equipment will not be damaged or will be damaged slightly without rupture of the tank. This is explained by the fact that high demands are placed on their mechanical and electrical strength during the design and manufacture of this electrical equipment and tank. The supply of a control signal to the valve to open the tank and dump the flammable liquid, as well as the start of gas injection into the tank in these cases will be false.

A known explosion and fire prevention system for high-voltage electrical equipment located in a closed tank filled with flammable liquid (see patent МУ0О9712379 with conventional priority dated September 28, 1995, EVN19950011386, published September 27, 1996, IPC NOT E 27/12, 27/14. pressure relief and gas supply to the tank in this system are carried out when the permissible values of the pressure sensors are exceeded.The pressure sensors are installed on the outer surface of the tank and connected to the control unit.

A similar explosion and fire prevention system for high-voltage electrical equipment located in a closed tank filled with a flammable liquid is also known (see RF patent Mo 2215352 with conventional priority dated 09/28/1995, ЕВ 95 11386, published 10/17/2003, IPC НО2Н 7 /04, 5/06, 5/08, NOTE 27/12, in which the beginning of pressure relief and nitrogen injection into the tank is carried out not only when the permissible values of detectors - pressure sensors are exceeded, but also detectors - smoke and temperature sensors with a delay of 20- 30 seconds.

The disadvantage of these systems is a long activation time. When the pressure and, even more so, the smoke and temperature on the outer surface of the tank reaches unacceptable values for the tank, the tank may explode and the damage to the electrical equipment inside the tank will already be significant.

The closest analogue of a useful model is the explosion and fire prevention system of high-voltage electrical equipment located in a closed, filled

With a combustible liquid, a tank equipped with at least one removable hatch, expander and process piping, containing: a pressure relief device in the tank, which includes a mechanical valve and a collapsible membrane, with suitable tripping sensors connected to a device that cuts off the high-voltage electrical equipment and pipes for removing flammable liquid to a safe place; the valve placed in the pipeline of the expander is designed to cut off the combustible liquid in the expander from the tank when the pressure is released; a modular installation of automatic gas fire extinguishing, which includes a container for fire-extinguishing gas, an electromagnetic valve for releasing fire-extinguishing gas from the container, a main and distribution pipeline for entering gas into the tank, a control unit (see patent of the Russian Federation Mo 2263989 with conventional priority dated 22.03.1999, ЕВ 99/03534, published on November 10, 2005, IPC NOTES 27/14, 27/40).

Nitrogen is used as a fire-extinguishing gas, and a membrane with a built-in rupture detector is used as a destructible membrane, which consists of zones of different thicknesses and is destroyed under the dynamic influence of pressure. By selecting the thicknesses and arranging the zones of different thicknesses, the membrane achieves its complete opening without fragmentation when the specified pressure value is exceeded. According to the signal of the detector, which reacts to the rupture of the membrane, the gas fire extinguishing installation starts throwing nitrogen into the tank.

The utility model is characterized by the following disadvantages.

The volume of combustible gases generated by the electric arc, creating excess pressure in the tank, significantly exceeds the volume of flammable liquid discharged from the tank through the collapsing membrane, which will not allow the pressure to be reduced to a safe level and leads to additional destruction of high-voltage equipment. At the same time, increasing the number of membranes or their area in the known system is limited by the capacity of the tank, since an additional increase in the area and the number of hatches for installing the membranes is required, which is practically impossible in most tank designs.

A decisive role in choosing the time and permissible value of the membrane opening pressure is played by taking into account the actual design of the tank and the high-voltage equipment in it, including the volume of the combustible liquid, the parameters of the elastic deformation of the tank walls, the probable power of the electric arc, for which the explosion protection is calculated. However, the design of the membranes used in the prototype with a change in the thickness of its various zones is complex, time-consuming and does not really ensure the manufacture of membranes with individual characteristics.

The signal to disconnect the high-voltage equipment from the system in the prototype comes from the membrane rupture sensor, that is, when a dangerous pressure is reached and the tank is opened, and not before it is opened. This leads to a corresponding delay in turning off the equipment, a longer burning of the arc and major destruction of this equipment.

The signal to start the supply of fire-extinguishing gas to the tank in the prototype occurs with a long delay, after exceeding the readings of the temperature sensors installed on the outer surface of the tank, which also leads to additional destruction of the equipment.

The system does not provide protection against the explosion of combustible liquid vapors and combustible gases in the decompression chamber and tank for separating gases from oil in the prototype, as there is air in these cavities before the system is activated, which leads to the formation of an explosive mixture and a high probability of fire.

The system of supplying nitrogen to the oil tank is carried out with an additional delay due to the fact that the distribution pipeline is connected to the combustible liquid of the tank and has a large hydraulic resistance, which must be overcome by the nitrogen when it is thrown into the tank.

The system requires large costs when it is used for tanks containing high-voltage equipment that are already in operation. This is explained by the need to perform time-consuming and explosive welding work on the tank to install individual components of the system and the need to have special additional places for installing a decompression chamber and a special tank for separating combustible gases from combustible liquid.

Thus, the known system has insufficient efficiency due to a high system activation threshold and, as a result, low reliability, installation complexity and high system cost.

The useful model is based on the task of improving the explosion and fire prevention system of high-voltage electrical equipment located in a closed tank filled with flammable liquid, in which, by introducing new elements and a new design of the elements, an increase in efficiency is ensured by lowering the threshold of the system and, as a result, increasing reliability, simplifying and reducing the cost of the system. At the same time, the system activation threshold is determined by the activation time of the sensors-detectors about the presence of an explosive situation, the system response time to the signals of the sensors-detectors about the shutdown of the high-voltage equipment and the cessation of the burning of the electric arc inside the tank, the speed of releasing the pressure and volume of combustible gases inside the tank, the speed and volume of fire-extinguishing gas, which is thrown into the tank to prevent fire, the speed and volume of gas that prevents the formation of an explosive mixture and, accordingly, a fire upon contact of combustible gases discharged with air.

The task is solved by the fact that a known system for preventing explosion and fire of high-voltage electrical equipment located in a closed tank filled with a flammable liquid, equipped with at least one removable hatch, an expander and process pipelines, containing: a device for releasing pressure in the tank, which includes a mechanical valve and a collapsible membrane with appropriate trigger sensors connected to a device that disconnects high-voltage electrical equipment and pipes to drain the flammable liquid to a safe place; the valve placed in the pipeline of the expander is designed to cut off the combustible liquid in the expander from the tank when the pressure is released; a modular installation of automatic gas fire extinguishing, which includes a container for fire-extinguishing gas, an electromagnetic valve for releasing fire-extinguishing gas from the container, a main and distribution pipeline for entering gas into the tank, a control unit; according to a useful model, additionally comprising: installed on at least one removable hatch of the tank through an additionally installed collector, at least two rupturing membranes, made with notches, which ensure the possibility of rupturing at a certain dynamic pressure in the tank and are connected accordingly to sensors of their rupture ; at least one relay, which is activated when the rate of increase of the pressure of the combustible liquid inside the tank is exceeded, is connected to the control unit, the electromagnetic valve for the release of extinguishing gas from the capacity of the modular installation of automatic gas fire extinguishing 60 and the device that disconnects the high-voltage equipment;

at least one relay that is activated when the temperature of the combustible liquid inside the tank is exceeded, connected to the control unit, the electromagnetic valve for releasing extinguishing gas from the capacity of the modular installation of automatic gas fire extinguishing and the device that disconnects the high-voltage equipment; at least one additional solenoid valve and an additional non-return mechanical valve and a manual valve connected in series with it, installed at the entrance of the distribution pipeline of the fire extinguishing installation to the tank, which ensure the absence of leakage of extinguishing gas in the distribution pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve is connected to the control unit; at least one additional distribution pipeline connecting the installation of gas fire extinguishing with pipes for the removal of flammable liquid to a safe place.

What is also new is that the relay, which is activated when the rate of pressure increase is exceeded, is installed on an additional collector with membranes.

What is also new is that the relay, which is activated when the temperature of the combustible liquid inside the tank is exceeded, is installed on an additional collector with membranes.

It is also new that at least one entrance of the distribution pipeline of the gas fire extinguishing installation into the tank is made on the removable hatch of the tank.

It is also new that at least one end of the distribution pipeline of the gas fire extinguishing installation is connected to at least one pipe of the process pipeline of the tank by means of an additional tee installed at this end, at the first and second ends of which are additionally installed in series a manual valve, a non-return mechanical valve and an additional solenoid valve connected to the control unit.

Also new is that a pressure relief valve is mounted on one end of the manifold with collapsible membranes.

What is also new is that the system additionally includes a remote visualization and sound alarm panel connected to the control unit via wired and/or wireless channels.

The cause-and-effect relationship between the set of essential features of a useful model and the technical result achieved is that the new features, namely, that the system additionally contains:

At least two destructible membranes are installed on at least one removable hatch of the tank through an additionally installed collector, made with notches, which ensure the possibility of destruction at a certain dynamic pressure in the tank and are connected accordingly with sensors for their rupture; at least one relay that is activated when the rate of increase of the pressure of the combustible liquid inside the tank is exceeded, connected to the control unit, the electromagnetic valve for the release of extinguishing gas from the capacity of the modular installation of automatic gas fire extinguishing and the device that disconnects the high-voltage equipment; at least one relay that is activated when the temperature of the combustible liquid inside the tank is exceeded, connected to the control unit, the electromagnetic valve for releasing extinguishing gas from the capacity of the modular installation of automatic gas fire extinguishing and the device that disconnects the high-voltage equipment; at least one additional solenoid valve and an additional non-return mechanical valve and a manual valve connected in series with it, installed at the entrance of the distribution pipeline of the fire extinguishing installation to the tank, which ensure the absence of leakage of extinguishing gas in the distribution pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve is connected to the control unit; at least one additional distribution pipeline connecting the installation of gas fire extinguishing with pipes for the removal of flammable liquid to a safe place; in combination with known features provide increased efficiency due to lowering the system activation threshold and, as a result, increasing reliability, simplifying and reducing the cost of the system.

The presence of an additionally installed collector that can withstand high dynamic and static pressure, not less than the tank, on the removable hatch on the tank allows to increase the number of membranes and, accordingly, their total area without increasing the number of hatches on the tank. This increases the speed and volume of discharge of flammable liquid from the tank, that is, the time of high pressure on the surface of the tank when an electric arc burns in it is reduced.

Due to this, the system activation threshold is reduced and, as a result, its reliability and efficiency are increased.

The presence of membranes in which the burst pressure and fragmentation of the opening is regulated not by the thickness and location of individual zones, but by special notches of a given shape, depth and trajectory, which are applied to the surface of the membrane during its manufacture with the help of software-controlled devices, reduces the cost of the membrane and allows to manufacture it according to individual technical requirements, which take into account the susceptibility to deformations of the real structure of the tank when the pressure in it increases due to the burning of the electric arc. Such membranes are technological in production, reliable, inexpensive and mass-produced. For example, the membranes of the KOV--A2AMU/ series of the German company Ketbe (m/mlygetrbre.de) are equipped with their rupture sensors and accessories for flange mounting. Due to taking into account the real design of the tank during the manufacture of the membrane, the reliability and efficiency of its operation increases and, as a result, the reliability and efficiency of the system increases, its simplification and cost reduction are ensured.

The presence of an additionally installed relay, which is activated when the rate of increase of the pressure of the combustible liquid inside the tank is exceeded, allows not only sensors that react to the consequences of an explosion or fire (membrane rupture sensors), but also sensors based on phenomena to be used to detect the danger of explosion and fire. that appear before explosion and fire. Such a relay, for example, is a rapid pressure rise relay of the 900 VRAV or 9030 brand

ERM of the Ompaiygo company! (miles. diaIygoisogr.sot). This makes it possible to more reliably prevent the rupture of the tank and its depressurization, reduces the amount of damage to the equipment inside the tank.

The presence of an additional high-speed relay installed in the immediate vicinity of the membrane for exceeding the temperature of the combustible liquid makes it possible to give a signal about the start of throwing fire-extinguishing gas into the tank from a modular automatic gas fire extinguishing system at an earlier stage of fire development than the temperature sensors installed in the prototype on the surface of the tank. For example, a relay model TP-2088/10 of the Russian company "Elemer" (mmlmu.eIeteg.py), installed in the collector in the immediate vicinity of the membrane, can be used. When the membrane ruptures, the high-temperature mixture of combustible gases formed by the electric arc will enter the membrane area, which will ensure the rapid activation of the temperature relay installed nearby. This provides an increase in efficiency due to a decrease in the system activation threshold and, as a result, an increase in reliability, simplification and cost reduction of the system.

The presence of additional installations installed at the entrance of the distribution pipeline

From fire extinguishing in the tank of serially connected additional valves (non-return mechanical, electromagnetic and manual valve) allows you to fill the distribution pipeline in advance (before the explosion and fire) with fire-extinguishing gas without its leakage, and not with flammable liquid, as in the prototype. For these purposes, you can use, for example, a mechanical non-return valve and an electromagnetic valve of the Italian company MASA, models MI6/AMO M.S. - M16/8M M.s. (m/mlu.tadav.y) and manual bronze valves of the Croatian firm OMMipaoii of OMU-SM OMU-

B1187 (ulum.otu-ipaoyi.Ng). The distribution pipeline filled with fire-extinguishing gas ensures a faster injection of fire-extinguishing gas into the tank without overcoming the large hydraulic resistance of the combustible liquid, i.e. it provides an increase in efficiency due to a decrease in the system's activation threshold and, as a result, an increase in reliability, simplification and cost reduction of the system.

The presence of an additional distribution pipeline with a shut-off valve connecting the pipes for removing the flammable liquid from the tank to a safe place with the installation of gas fire extinguishing ensures the possibility to extinguish a fire directly in these pipes that may occur when the high-temperature mixture of combustible gases discharged from the tank comes into contact , and combustible liquid with air. At the same time, the high-temperature mixture is cooled. The cooled mixture of liquid and gas can already be discharged not into a specially installed additional container, as required in the prototype, but into a concrete container placed in the ground, located under or next to the tank. The presence of such concrete containers is a mandatory requirement of many fire safety standards. Therefore, such a capacity is almost always present or assumed during the construction and commissioning of high-voltage equipment. This provides an increase in efficiency and, as a result, an increase in reliability, simplification and reduction in the cost of the system.

The fact that the relay, which is triggered when the rate of pressure increase is exceeded, and the relay, which is triggered when the temperature of the combustible liquid inside the tank is exceeded, are installed on an additional collector with membranes, which allows, in addition to the above advantages, to install these devices without expensive and fire-hazardous welding work on the tank, since the nozzles for their installation can be made in advance on the surface of the collector.

The fact that the entrance of the distribution pipeline of the gas fire extinguishing installation into the tank is made on the removable hatch of the tank allows to ensure the introduction of the distribution pipeline into the tank without carrying out expensive and fire-hazardous welding work on the tank, since the inlet pipes can be made in advance on a separate hatch and installed on the installation instead of a removable tank hatch.

The fact that at least one end of the distribution pipeline of the gas fire extinguishing installation is connected to at least one pipe of the process pipeline of the tank by means of an additional tee installed on this end, on the first and second ends of which a manual valve, a non-return mechanical valve and an additional electromagnetic valve are additionally installed in series, connected to the control unit, allows additional introduction of fire-extinguishing gas into the tank without performing expensive fire-hazardous welding work on it. The reduction in the installation of expensive fire-hazardous welding works and, accordingly, the increase in reliability, simplification and cost reduction of the system is especially relevant when installing the system on tanks that are already in operation.

The fact that the pressure relief valve is installed on one of the ends of the collector with collapsible membranes allows, with a sufficiently high power of the electric arc, to create such a high pressure that will open both the valve and the membrane, providing an additional area for discharging the flammable liquid. In the case of a slow increase in pressure, only the valve will work, and the membranes will not work, since they are designed to exceed dynamic, not statistical, pressure. At the same time, the collector is made so that it simultaneously withstands static and dynamic pressure, which is greater than the tank can withstand. As such a valve, you can use, for example, valves of the brand ХРАО or I РАЯ, which are serially produced by Optsaiyo! (mulu. da ygoIsogr.sot). This provides an increase in efficiency due to a decrease in the system activation threshold and, as a result, an increase in reliability, simplification and cost reduction of the system.

The fact that the system additionally includes a remote visualization and sound alarm panel, connected to the control unit via wired and/or wireless channels, ensures operational control of all relays, sensors and the state of the electromagnetic valves of the system, which increases efficiency and reliability, provides simplification and cost reduction systems.

The essence of the useful model is explained by the drawings, where: in Fig. 1 shows the declared explosion and fire prevention system of high-voltage electrical equipment; in Fig. 2 - a device for rapid release of pressure in the tank;

From in Fig. C - various variants of the design of the additional collector; in Fig. 4 - diagram of location and connection of additional electromagnetic valve, mechanical non-return valve and manual valve at the entrance of the distribution pipeline through the removable hatch; in Fig. 5 - diagram of the arrangement and connection of additional electromagnetic valves, mechanical check valves, manual valves and an additional tee at the entrance of the distribution pipeline to the tank through the pipes of the process pipeline.

A useful model is an explosion and fire prevention system of high-voltage electrical equipment 1 connected to an on/off device (not shown in the drawings) by means of high-voltage inputs 2. The high-voltage electrical equipment 1 is located in a closed tank 4 filled with a flammable liquid 3, which has removable hatches 5, technological pipelines b and expander 7 with a pipeline 8 (see Fig. 1). The claimed system includes a pressure relief device 9, a modular installation 10 of automatic gas fire extinguishing and a shut-off valve 11 in the pipeline 8. At the same time, the pressure relief installation 9 includes a pressure relief valve 12 with a sensor 13, which notifies of its activation when the permissible value of the statistical pressure is exceeded, and collapsible membranes 14, with sensors 15 that notify of their activation when the permissible value of dynamic pressure is exceeded, pipes 16 for the removal of flammable liquid C to a safe place 17. The modular installation 10 of automatic gas fire extinguishing includes containers 18 - high-pressure cylinders with fire-extinguishing gas 19, for example with nitrogen, main and distribution pipelines 20 for introducing fire-extinguishing gas into the tank 4, electromagnetic valve 21 for discharging fire-extinguishing gas from containers 18 and control unit 22.

The declared explosion and fire prevention system of high-voltage electrical equipment 1 also contains (see Fig. 2) installed on at least one removable hatch 5 of the tank 4 through an additionally installed collector 23, at least two destructible membranes 14, made with notches and connected respectively with sensors 15 of their gap.

The system also includes at least one relay 24 of exceeding the rate of increase of the pressure of the combustible liquid Z inside the tank 4, connected to the control unit 22, the electromagnetic valve 21 of the modular installation 10 of the automatic gas fire extinguishing and the device that disconnects the high-voltage equipment 1 through inputs 2.

The system also includes at least one relay 25 of exceeding the temperature of the combustible liquid Z inside the tank 4, connected to the control unit 22, the electromagnetic valve 21 of the modular installation 10 of the automatic gas fire extinguishing and the device that disconnects the high-voltage equipment 1 through inputs 2.

The system also includes at least one additional electromagnetic valve 26 and an additional non-return mechanical valve 27 and a manual valve 31 connected in series with it, installed at the entrance to the reservoir 4 of the distribution pipeline 20 of the automatic gas fire extinguishing unit 10, which ensure that there is no leakage of extinguishing gas 19 in the distribution pipeline 20, and the electromagnetic valve 26 is connected to the control unit 22.

There is also at least one additional distribution pipeline 28, which connects the installation 10 of automatic gas fire extinguishing with pipes 16 for the removal of flammable liquid C to a safe place 17.

At least one entrance 29 of the distribution pipeline 20 of the installation 10 of automatic gas fire extinguishing in the tank 4 can be made on the removable hatch 5 of the tank 4; at least one end of the distribution pipeline 20 of the installation 10 of automatic gas fire extinguishing can be connected to at least one pipe of the process pipeline 6 of the tank 4 with the help of an additional tee 30 installed on this end, on the first and second ends of which the manual valve 31, reverse mechanical valve 27 and an additional solenoid valve 26 connected to the control unit 22. The pressure relief valve 12 can be installed on one of the collector nozzles 23 with collapsible membranes 14. The system may additionally include a remote panel 32 of visualization and sound signaling, connected to the control unit 22 via wired and/or wireless channels.

In Fig. C shows different possible designs of the additional collector 23. The collector 23 has three groups of nozzles for flange connections, and the first group is connected to the tank 4, the second - to the valve 12 for discharging the combustible liquid C when the permissible static pressure is exceeded, and the third - to membranes 14, which are destroyed when the dynamic pressure permissible for the tank 4 is exceeded. There are also shown the possible locations of the relay 24 of the rapid increase in pressure and the relay 25 of the excess temperature of the combustible liquid C in the collector 23 and, accordingly, in

From tank 4.

In Fig. 4 shows a diagram of the arrangement and connection of additional electromagnetic valve 26, mechanical check valve 27 and manual valve 31 of the distribution pipeline 20 of the installation 10 of automatic gas fire extinguishing, installed on at least one removable hatch 5 for throwing fire-extinguishing gas 19 into the tank 4.

In Fig. 5 shows a diagram of the arrangement and connection of additional electromagnetic valves 26, mechanical check valves 27, manual valves 31 and an additional tee 30 of the distribution pipeline 20 of the installation 10 of automatic gas fire extinguishing, installed on at least one process pipeline 6 for throwing fire-extinguishing gas 19 into the tank 4.

The claimed system works as follows.

In the nominal mode of operation of the high-voltage equipment 1 in the tank 4, the temperature and pressure of the combustible liquid C does not exceed the permissible values. Therefore, in this mode, the shut-off valve 11 in the pipeline 8 of the expander 7 is open; and in the pressure relief unit 9, the valve 12 and the membranes 14 are closed, the rapid pressure rise relay 24 and the temperature relay 25 do not work, the removable hatch 5, on which the pressure relief device 9 is installed, is open on the assembly and in the collector 23, which is connected to the tank 4, there is a flammable liquid 3.

In the installation 10 of automatic gas fire extinguishing, all solenoid valves 21 and 26 are closed, all manual valves 31 are open, the distribution pipeline 20, which connects the installation 10 of automatic gas fire extinguishing with the tank 4, is filled at the installation with fire extinguishing gas 19 under low pressure and the corresponding check valves 27 together with the electromagnetic valves 26 prevent the penetration of flammable liquid C into this distribution pipeline 20. In the distribution pipeline 28, which connects the installation 10 of automatic gas fire extinguishing with pipes 16, there is air; the control unit 22 does not receive emergency signals.

In various other modes (overload in terms of power, current or voltage; switching or lightning overvoltages; external or internal short circuits; manifestation of internal defects in high-voltage equipment) the system works in different ways, depending on the increase in pressure and temperature inside the fuel tank 4 liquid 3.

If the increase in pressure does not exceed the allowable static pressure for a specific design of tank 4, then the increase in the volume of combustible liquid C is compensated by the expander 7 of tank 4. If at the same time the rate of increase in pressure is exceeded without exceeding the temperature, then the signals from the corresponding relays 24 and 25 of the system are transmitted to the control unit 22, which will transmit only a warning signal to the corresponding control panel 32. Thus, for such modes, the risk of the system triggering on a false signal is reduced. An example of such modes can be modes of turning on or off a group of coolers installed on tank 4.

If the rate of pressure increase and the temperature value exceed the permissible values, then according to the signal of the corresponding relays 24 and 25 installed in the collector 23, a signal will be transmitted through the control unit 22 to turn off the high-voltage equipment 1 through the inputs 2.

If the pressure in the reservoir 4 and, accordingly, in the collector 23 exceeds the permissible static pressure, the pressure relief valve 12 is activated and a partial discharge of the flammable liquid C from the reservoir 4 to the safe place 17 through the pipes 16 occurs. The membranes 14 do not operate at this pressure. The signal about the operation of the valve 12 through the control unit 22 is also transmitted to the signaling and visualization panel 32 and to the high-voltage equipment disconnection device through inputs 2.

If the pressure in tank 4 exceeds the allowable value of the dynamic pressure, then the growth rate will also exceed the allowable value. According to the signal of the corresponding relay 24 installed in the collector 23, through the control unit 22, a signal will be transmitted to disconnect the high-voltage equipment 1 through the inputs 2. If the increase in pressure continues, then the membranes 14 will work, since they are more sensitive to rupture than the valve 12, and will occur partial discharge of flammable liquid C from the tank 4 to a safe place 17 through the corresponding pipes 16. The signal about the operation of the membranes 14 through the control unit 22 is also transmitted to the signaling and visualization panel 32 and to the high-voltage equipment disconnection device through inputs 2.

If the pressure in the tank 4 and, accordingly, in the collector 23 will continue to increase, then not only all the membranes 14 will open, but in addition to them, the pressure relief valve 12 will also open. At the same time, a sufficiently large volume and speed of discharge of a mixture of combustible liquid C and combustible gases from tank 4, together with early shutdown of high-voltage equipment 1, will lower the system's activation threshold, increase its efficiency and reliability in preventing the rupture of tank 4 and its explosion.

If the temperature of the liquid in the collector 23 exceeds the permissible value according to the indications of the temperature relay 25, the corresponding signal will be transmitted to the control unit 22. In the presence of this signal and at least one of the signals from the sensors 15 about the operation of the membranes 14, the control unit 22 sends a signal to the installation 10 of the automatic gas fire extinguishing system to start throwing fire extinguishing gas 19 into the tank 4 and the corresponding pipes 16. At the same time, the shut-off valve 11 in the pipeline 8 is closed expander 7 and the flammable liquid C in it is cut off from the tank 4 with increased pressure. The electromagnetic valve 21 on the containers 18 with fire-extinguishing gas 19 opens and under high pressure (about 1-1.5 atm) the fire-extinguishing gas 19 is added to the low-pressure fire-extinguishing gas 19 available in the distribution pipeline 20, which leads to the injection of this gas into the tank 4 without delay due to the electromagnetic valves 26 at the entrance of the distribution pipeline 20 to the tank 4, which are opened by the same signals. Non-return valves 27, installed there, do not prevent the flow of gas 19, which is thrown in this direction. This happens when gas 19 is injected into the tank 4 through the removable hatches 5. In the case of injecting fire-extinguishing gas 19 into the tank 4 through the process pipelines 6, before the similar process, a signal is sent to the additional electromagnetic valves 26 installed on the part of the tee 30 connected to the pipeline 6 on closing the flow of combustible liquid 3, and then a signal is given to open the electromagnetic valves 26, which ensure the injection of gas 19 into the tank 4.

Fire-extinguishing gas 19 is injected into pipes 16 to remove flammable liquid from tank 4, following a signal from the control unit 22 when the appropriate sensor 15 of the membrane 14 is triggered. At the same time, fire-extinguishing gas 19 is mixed with a high-temperature mixture of flammable liquid C and combustible gases discharged from the tank 4, and effective extinguishing of the fire, if it had time to start.

The completion of the injection of gas 19 into the tank 4 and pipes 16 and the transfer of the electromagnetic valves 11, 26 and valve 12 to the initial state is carried out by the service personnel manually or automatically according to the data of the temperature relay 25 and the pressure increase relay 24, according to the volume and duration of the injection of extinguishing gas 19 into tank 4 and into pipes 16 for removing flammable liquid C from tank 4.

As can be seen from the previous description, during the production of the system, elements that are serially produced by leading companies are used, checked and tested (membranes, various types of valves and valves, cylinders with fire-extinguishing gas, and others). The requirements for pipelines, metal structures, fasteners and flange connections meet standard requirements.

The requirements for the electronic components of the control unit and the signaling and visualization panel also meet the general technical requirements for similar devices. Thus, the system is technically feasible, workable, provides an increase in the effectiveness of explosion and fire prevention due to a reduction in the system's activation threshold and, as a result, an increase in reliability, simplification, and cost reduction of the system.

Claims (4)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. The explosion and fire prevention system of high-voltage electrical equipment located in a closed tank filled with flammable liquid, equipped with at least one removable hatch, expander and process pipelines, containing: a pressure relief device in the tank, which includes a mechanical valve and a collapsible membrane, with appropriate trigger sensors connected to a device that disconnects high-voltage electrical equipment and pipes to divert flammable liquid to a safe place; the valve placed in the pipeline of the expander is designed to cut off the combustible liquid in the expander from the tank when the pressure is released; a modular installation of automatic gas fire extinguishing, which includes a container for fire-extinguishing gas, an electromagnetic valve for releasing fire-extinguishing gas from the container, a main and distribution pipeline for entering gas into the tank, a control unit; which is distinguished by the fact that the system additionally contains: installed on at least one removable hatch of the tank through an additionally installed collector, at least two destructible membranes, made with notches, which ensure the possibility of destruction at a certain dynamic pressure in the tank and are connected accordingly with their rupture sensors; at least one relay that is activated when the rate of increase of the pressure of the combustible liquid inside the tank is exceeded, connected to the control unit, the electromagnetic valve for the release of extinguishing gas from the capacity of the modular installation of automatic gas fire extinguishing and the device that disconnects the high-voltage equipment; at least one relay that is activated when the temperature of the combustible liquid inside the tank is exceeded, connected to the control unit, the electromagnetic valve for releasing extinguishing gas from the capacity of the modular installation of automatic gas fire extinguishing and the device that disconnects the high-voltage equipment; at least one additional solenoid valve and 3 additional non-return mechanical valves and a manual valve connected in series with it are installed at the entrance of the distribution pipeline of the fire extinguishing installation to the tank, which ensure the absence of leakage of extinguishing gas in the distribution pipeline, moreover, the electromagnetic valve is connected to the control unit ; at least one additional distribution pipeline connecting the installation of gas fire extinguishing with pipes for the removal of flammable liquid to a safe place. 2. The explosion and fire prevention system of high-voltage electrical equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the relay, which is activated when the rate of pressure increase is exceeded, is installed on an additional collector with membranes. 3. The explosion and fire prevention system of high-voltage electrical equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the relay, which is activated when the temperature of the combustible liquid inside the tank is exceeded, is installed on an additional collector with membranes. 4. The explosion and fire prevention system of high-voltage electrical equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that at least one entrance of the distribution pipeline of the gas fire extinguishing installation into the tank is made on the removable hatch of the tank. 5. The explosion and fire prevention system of high-voltage electrical equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that at least one end of the distribution pipeline of the gas fire extinguishing installation is connected to at least one pipe of the process pipeline of the tank by means of an additional tee installed on this end, on the first and second at the ends of which a manual valve, a non-return mechanical valve and an additional electromagnetic valve connected to the control unit are additionally installed in series. 6. The high-voltage electrical equipment explosion and fire prevention system according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the pressure relief valve is installed at one end of the collector with 60 collapsible membranes. 7. 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