UA136634U - METHOD OF FORMATION OF LEAD-ACID ACCUMULATORS WITH ELECTROLYT PUMPING - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of forming lead-acid batteries with pumping of the electrolyte, according to which the batteries are collected in batteries, filled with a molding electrolyte with a density of 1.05-1.20 g / cm3 and after settling 0.5-4 hours formed by direct and / or pulsed current, and in the process of forming through each battery and a common tank with electrolyte in parallel pump the forming electrolyte with a density of 1.05-1.20 g / cm3 with a pumping intensity of 96-2400 ml / min through each battery, which 0.5-2.0 hours before the end of the molding is changed to an electrolyte of working density of 1.26-1.31 g / cm3, the electrolyte of working density during the remaining molding is pumped in the same way with the same intensity, the entire pumped electrolyte is cooled in a common tank with the electrolyte, after the formation in the batteries leave the electrolyte of working density. The electrolyte is fed to each battery through an electrolyte supply nozzle, which is installed on top of the electrode unit near the middle of it before molding, and which divides the electrolyte flow into equal jets, which are directed into the gaps between the electrodes parallel to the electrode plane.

Description

The useful model belongs to electrical engineering, to methods of forming lead-acid batteries.

To form the active mass on the electrodes, forming with water cooling is used, in which the batteries or rechargeable batteries are first collected, filled with electrolyte, and then the electrodes are formed. This technology is the most expediently economical.

As the closest analogue, we take the method of forming lead-acid batteries with electrolyte pumping, according to |Dzenzersky, V.A. Development of a method of forming lead-acid batteries with electrolyte pumping |THext)| / V.A. Dzenzerskyi, S.V.

Buryilov, V.Yu. Skosar, E.V. Anikeev / Questions of chemistry and chemical technology. 2011. - Mo A(1). - b. 168-170). In this method, batteries are assembled into batteries, filled with a forming electrolyte with a density of 1.05-1.20 g/cm3, and after settling for 0.5-4 hours. are formed by direct and/or pulsed current, and during the formation process, a forming electrolyte with a density of 1.05-1.20 g/cm3 is pumped through each battery and a common reservoir with electrolyte according to a parallel scheme with a pumping intensity of 96-2400 ml/min. through each battery, which 0.5-2.0 hours before the end of formation is changed to an electrolyte with a working density of 1.26-1.31 g/cm3, the electrolyte of a working density during the remaining formation time is pumped in the same way with the same intensity, all the pumped electrolyte is cooled in a common tank with electrolyte, after the formation is finished, the electrolyte of the working density is left in the batteries.

The disadvantage of this method is insufficient uniform formation of the active mass of positive electrodes in one battery, as a result of which the electrical capacity of the batteries decreases.

The basis of the useful model is the task of improving the method of forming lead-acid batteries in order to increase the electrical capacity of the batteries.

The task is solved by the fact that the method of forming lead-acid batteries with electrolyte pumping, according to which the batteries are assembled into batteries, filled with a forming electrolyte with a density of 1.05-1.20 g/cm, and after settling for 0.5-4 hours. are formed by direct and/or pulsed current, and during the formation process, each battery and the common tank with electrolyte are pumped in a parallel circuit

The forming electrolyte with a density of 1.05-1.20 g/cm3 with a pumping intensity of 96-2400 ml/min. through each battery, which 0.5-2.0 hours before the end of formation is changed to an electrolyte with a working density of 1.26-1.31 g/cm3, the electrolyte of a working density during the remaining formation time is pumped in the same way with the same intensity, all the pumped electrolyte is cooled in a common tank with electrolyte, after the formation is finished, the electrolyte of the working density is left in the batteries. Electrolyte is supplied to each battery through an electrolyte supply nozzle, which is installed on top of the electrode block near the middle of it before forming, and which divides the flow of electrolyte into equal jets, which are directed into the gaps between the electrodes parallel to the plane of the electrodes.

The flow of electrolyte, which is supplied to each battery, due to the use of nozzles for supplying the electrolyte, is divided into jets of intensity, the number of which corresponds to the number of gaps between the electrodes. These jets of electrolyte are directed vertically downward inside the battery cell, after which, reaching the bottom of the battery, the jets of electrolyte rise up near the walls of the battery cell. The spent electrolyte is collected in the upper part of the battery. With such a geometry of the electrolyte circulation, an increase in the uniformity of the mixing of the electrolyte and the uniformity of the interaction of the electrolyte with the lead paste and the active mass of the battery electrodes is achieved. The effect of increasing the uniformity of the mixing of the electrolyte and the uniformity of the interaction of the electrolyte with the lead paste and the active mass can be evaluated by comparing the temperature difference of the surface of the battery cell near the middle and near the side walls, as well as by a similar comparison for the bottom of the battery cell. If you do not use a nozzle for supplying the electrolyte, then the indicated temperature difference during the formation process reaches 7-10 degrees.

If a nozzle is used to supply the electrolyte, then the specified temperature difference during the formation process is reduced to 1-2 b.

Since in this technical solution, an increase in the uniformity of the mixing of the electrolyte and the uniformity of the interaction of the electrolyte with the lead paste and the active mass of the battery electrodes is achieved, as a result, an increase in the capacity of lead-acid batteries is achieved. In addition, due to a more even distribution of temperature in the volume of the battery, the electrochemical reactions of the formation process are more efficient. And this leads to a decrease in gas formation (a decrease in the intensity of the side reaction of the electrolysis of water), which leads to a decrease in energy consumption for the technological process.

The proposed technical solution can be used at factories for the production of lead-acid industrial batteries (stationary and traction) and high-capacity starter batteries.

In fig. 1 schematically shows the installation on which the claimed method is implemented.

In fig. 2 shows the placement of the nozzle for supplying the electrolyte.

In fig. 3 shows the design of the nozzle for supplying the electrolyte.

Accumulators 1 are assembled in batteries 2, installed on the technological table C and connected to a hydraulic circuit containing a forevacuum pump 4, a common tank with electrolyte 5, feeding tanks b and 7, liquid pumps 8 and 9 and a system of controlled valves 10-18. The common tank with electrolyte 5 is equipped with a fitting 19 for pumping out gases released during molding, a level sensor 20 and a heat exchanger 21. Batteries 2 are connected to charge-discharge converters 22. Accumulators 1 can be equipped with autonomous heat exchangers 23. A nozzle for supplying electrolyte, which has the neck 24 of the nozzle and the body 25 of the nozzle are installed on top of the block of electrodes 26 near the middle of it. The nozzle for supplying the electrolyte is made of an acid-resistant dielectric material (for example, polypropylene) and divides the electrolyte flow into equal jets. The nozzle for supplying the electrolyte has an inlet channel 27 of the neck 24 and side channels 28, which direct the jets of electrolyte into the gaps between the electrodes 26 parallel to the plane of the electrodes 26. The dimensions of the nozzle are set in the design documentation depending on the dimensions of the batteries. The nozzle is installed before the start of forming in each battery.

The claimed formation method is carried out as follows. 1. Pouring electrolyte. All valves are closed. First, valves 13 and 15 are opened, the pre-vacuum pump 4 is turned on and air is pumped out of the common tank with electrolyte 5 and the battery cavities 1. The vacuum is adjusted so that it does not exceed the limit value determined by the strength of the battery walls 1, which is set in the design documentation for the batteries. Rarefaction is created for better electrolyte impregnation of the pores of the electrodes and separators. Then valves 13, 15 are closed, pump 4 is turned off and valves 10, 12 are opened, and with the help of liquid pump 8, the forming electrolyte is pumped from the feeding tank b into the common tank with electrolyte 5. The density of the forming electrolyte

The amount of electrolyte is set in the technological documentation in the range of 1.05-1.20 g/cm3. The amount of electrolyte is monitored by the level sensor 20. After filling the common tank with electrolyte 5, the pump 8 is turned off and the valves 10, 12 are closed. The valve 13 is opened, and the forming electrolyte under the effect of rarefaction from the common tank with electrolyte 5 flows down into the batteries 1 through the supply nozzle electrolyte After filling batteries 1 with forming electrolyte, they are defended in order to impregnate the pores of electrodes and separators with electrolyte. The impregnation time is set in the technological documentation. 2. Formation with forming electrolyte. The valves 13, 14, 16, 17 are opened, the liquid pump 9 is turned on and the charge-discharge converters 22 are turned on. The formation and pumping of the forming electrolyte takes place according to a parallel circuit through all batteries 1 and the common tank with electrolyte 5 with the intensity of pumping, according to the claims of the invention. The electrolyte passes through the nozzle for supplying the electrolyte, and then enters the gaps between the electrodes 26. The pumping intensity is regulated by adjusting the number of revolutions of the pump motor. Due to the heat exchanger 21 with cold water, the temperature of the forming electrolyte is maintained below 60 C. In addition, autonomous heat exchangers 23 can be used to cool the electrolyte. All the listed conditions ensure the unification of temperature and chemical conditions of formation in all batteries.

The gases formed during molding enter together with the electrolyte into the common tank with electrolyte 5 and then through the fitting 19 and the valve 16 enter the exhaust ventilation system (not shown in Fig. 1). 3. Replacement of the forming electrolyte with an electrolyte of working density. Valves 13, 14 are closed and pump 9 is turned off. Valves 10, 12 are opened, and with the help of pump 8, the forming electrolyte is pumped from the common tank with electrolyte 5 back into container 6. Then valve 10 is closed, valve 11 is opened, and pump 8 is used to pump the working density electrolyte with feeding capacity 7 into a common tank with electrolyte 5. The density of the electrolyte is set in the technological documentation in the range of 1.26-1.31 g/cm. The amount of electrolyte is controlled by the level sensor 20. After filling the common tank with electrolyte 5, pump 8 is turned off and valves 11, 12 are closed. Then valves 13, 14 are opened and pump 9 is turned on. The specified procedures are carried out 0.5-2.0 hours before the end formation, and the exact time is indicated in the technological documentation. Deformation and pumping of working density electrolyte takes place in a parallel circuit through all accumulators 1 and a common tank with electrolyte 5 with the intensity of pumping, according to the formula of the useful model. The electrolyte passes through the nozzle for supplying the electrolyte, and then enters the gaps between the electrodes 26. Due to the heat exchanger 21 with cold water, the temperature of the working density electrolyte is maintained below 60 "C. (In addition, autonomous heat exchangers 23 can be used to cool the electrolyte.) All this together ensures the unification of temperature and chemical forming conditions in all batteries. The gases formed during forming enter together with the electrolyte into the common tank with electrolyte 5 and then through the fitting 19 and the valve 16 enter the exhaust ventilation system. 4. End of forming. After the end of forming close valves 14, 16, 17, turn off pump 9 and turn off charge-discharge converters 22. Open valve 15 and turn on pre-vacuum pump 4. The vacuum created by pump 4 helps remove gas bubbles from the common tank with electrolyte 5 and batteries 1. After a while the time regulated by the technological documentation closes valves 13, 15 are closed and pump 4 is turned off. Then valves 11, 12 are opened, and the working density electrolyte is pumped with pump 8 from the common tank with electrolyte 5 back into container 7. The working density electrolyte remains in batteries 1. Valve 18 serves to top up the electrolyte in the feeder capacity 6, 7 and adjusting its density.

The claimed method has been tested in factory conditions.

Example 1.

Tried a similar method. Starter batteries 6ST-180AZ, with a nominal capacity (Sn) of 180 A-hour, were filled with a forming electrolyte with a density of 1.10 g/cm3, and after settling for 3 hours. forming current was applied to the battery. The same current forming program as in the first example was used. Electrolyte was pumped through each battery at a rate of 480 ml/min. One hour before the end of forming, the forming electrolyte, which reached a density of 1.15 g/cm3, was replaced with an electrolyte with a working density of 1.28 g/cm3.

During the last hour of formation, this electrolyte was pumped at an intensity of 480 ml/min.

By the end of formation, the density of the electrolyte did not increase and remained with an average value of 1.28 g/cm3, and the differences in the density of the electrolyte in different batteries did not exceed 0.005 g/cm3. The temperature difference of the surface of the battery cell near the middle and near

From the side walls it reached 9 C. The average value of the capacity of the batteries (a sample of 5 units) during the first three charge-discharge cycles was 196.1 A-hour, and the spread of the capacity between the batteries was 1.8 95.

Example 2.

Tried the claimed method. The same 6ST-180AZ rechargeable batteries were formed in the same way, but with the use of a nozzle for supplying the electrolyte in each battery. By the end of formation, the density of the electrolyte reached an average value of 1.28 g/cm3, and the differences in the density of the electrolyte in different batteries did not exceed 0.005 g/cm3. The temperature difference of the surface of the battery cell near the middle and near the side walls did not exceed 2 C. The average value of the capacity of the batteries (a sample of 5 units) during the first three charge-discharge cycles was 196.7 A h, and the spread of the capacity between the batteries was 1.5 9 .

Thus, the above data indicate that when using the proposed method to form batteries, the necessary technical result is achieved: the uniformity of the mixing of the electrolyte and the uniformity of the interaction of the electrolyte with the lead paste and the active mass of the electrodes are increased. This leads to an increase in the electrical capacity of the batteries.

Claims (1)

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