UA127304C2 - FREE PISTON COMPRESSION DIESEL GENERATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The free-piston compression diesel electric generator contains a block of two opposed cylinders of a two-stroke diesel engine, two blocks of pistons, which contain opposed diesel pistons, which are opposite, mirror-symmetrical to the combustion chamber, and larger than diesel buffer-compressor pistons, which are located linearly on two sides outside diesel, two buffers combined with compressors for reversing the piston blocks, which are made in the form of buffer-compressor cylinders and buffer-compressor pistons larger than diesel ones, for air contact in the buffers located on both sides of the internal combustion engine block, two buffer-compressors are built into the combined buffer-compressors electric generators, each of which is made in the form of a moving system of magnetic flow breakers, which is built into the body of buffer-compressor pistons, and a stationary radial magnetic system with permanent magnets in the current coils of electric generators, which is built into each buffer-compressor cylinder. What is new is that: the cylinder block of the diesel engine is made in the form of a titanium bandage-shirt (35, 36, 37) with a cavity for the lubricating and cooling fluid (31), in the form of alkaline water with surface-active and anti-friction additives, while the internal the surface (37) of the shirt bandage has annular grooves and holds the diesel cylinder block formed in it from a ceramic mass, which forms cavities (18) for the diesel pistons of the piston blocks and the combustion chamber located between them, made in the form of a connecting central tube (40) with screw grooves (16); each specified buffer for reversing the piston blocks is made pneumatic and combined with a compressor for blowing the cylinders of a diesel engine, while larger than diesel pistons and larger than diesel cylinders are buffer-compressor, the compressor cavity (10) is located on the side of the inner end of the buffer-compressor piston between the inner surface of the buffer-compressor cylinder and the outer surface (8) of the diesel piston, the buffer has an outlet valve with a drop-shaped working body (3), which is adapted to regulate the pressure in the buffer cavity located between the outer end of the buffer-compressor piston and the cover (2) buffer -compressor cylinder, which is made of composite and has the shape of a cup with a flange for fastening pins, and in the cup of the cover (2), under the cover-plug (22), there are current outputs of the corresponding generator, which, like the current windings, are made of tubes ; piston blocks are made of foamed titanium in the form of a differential piston, which contains a tubular part with a cavity (7) common to the buffer-compressor and diesel pistons, and a dull, continuous with the piston (7) conical head (13) of the diesel piston, covered with layers from the outside thermal insulation; the buffer-compressor cylinder is made in the form of a titanium jacket (29) with an annular cavity for the lubricating and cooling liquid (31), which is formed by the jacket (29) and the pipe of the magnetic closer (27) made of alloy steel, which is made as a power bandage of the ceramic body of the cylinder, which is formed in it from a sintered ceramic mass (12), and forms cavities for buffer-compressor pistons; the moving part of the magnetic system of each electric generator is made in the form of six ferromagnetic locking stars, which are mounted in both buffer-compressor pistons, each in the form of a ring of sixteen radially located rays in the form of conical fingers with cobwebs at the thinner ends, while the middle section is wider (6 ) has annular grooves with sealing rings on the surface between the trios of ferromagnetic stars-closers; the stationary part of the magnetic system of each electric generator is made in the form of eight ring systems, each of which is made of sixteen conical magnet fingers (28) made of samarium alloy, which are radially installed inside power windings (30) made of ultrapure titanium tube, bonded by sintered ceramics (12) and magnetic switch (27); the shirt bandage (35, 36, 37) of the cylinder block of the diesel engine and the magnetic closing coils of the buffer-compressor cylinders have flanges for releasably connecting the cylinder block of the diesel engine with the buffer-compressor cylinders and the internal covers-shields located between them (19, 77), which separate the cavities of the diesel and compressor parts of the buffer-compressor cylinders, while the shield covers have thermal insulation and capillaries (74) for lubricating the diesel pistons from the channels (73) with liquid (31) and the grooves of the labyrinth seal in the piston hole.

Description

the cylinder block of a diesel engine is made in the form of a titanium bandage-shirt (35, 36, 37). with a cavity for the lubricating and cooling liquid (31), in the form of alkaline water with surface-active and anti-friction additives, while the inner surface (37) of the shirt bandage has annular grooves and holds the diesel cylinder block formed in it from a ceramic mass, which forms cavities (18) for diesel pistons of piston blocks and a combustion chamber located between them, made in the form of a connecting central tube (40) with screw grooves (16); each specified buffer for reversing the piston blocks is made pneumatic and combined with a compressor for blowing the cylinders of a diesel engine, while larger than diesel pistons and larger than diesel cylinders are buffer-compressor, the compressor cavity (10) is located on the side of the inner end of the buffer-compressor piston between the inner surface of the buffer-compressor cylinder and the outer surface (8) of the diesel piston, the buffer has an outlet valve with a drop-shaped working body (3), which is adapted to regulate the pressure in the buffer cavity located between the outer end of the buffer-compressor piston and the cover (2) buffer -compressor cylinder, which is made of composite and has the shape of a cup with a flange for fastening pins, and in the cup of the cover (2), under the cover-plug (22), there are current outputs of the corresponding generator, which, like the current windings, are made of tubes ; piston blocks are made of foamed titanium in the form of a differential piston, which contains a tubular part with a cavity (7) common to the buffer-compressor and diesel pistons, and a dull, continuous with the piston (7) conical head (13) of the diesel piston, covered with layers from the outside thermal insulation; the buffer-compressor cylinder is made in the form of a titanium jacket (29) with an annular cavity for lubricating and cooling fluid (31), which is formed by a jacket (29) and a pipe of a magnetic closer (27) made of alloy steel, which is made as a power bandage of the ceramic body of the cylinder, which is formed in it from a sintered ceramic mass (12), and forms cavities for buffer-compressor pistons; the moving part of the magnetic system of each electric generator is made in the form of six ferromagnetic locking stars, which are mounted in both buffer-compressor pistons, each in the form of a ring of sixteen radially located rays in the form of conical fingers with cobwebs at the thinner ends, while the middle section is wider (6 ) has annular grooves with sealing rings on the surface between the trios of ferromagnetic stars-closers; the stationary part of the magnetic system of each electric generator is made in the form of eight ring systems, each of which is made of sixteen conical magnet fingers (28) made of samarium alloy, which are radially installed inside power windings (30) made of ultrapure titanium tube, bonded by sintered ceramics (12) and magnetic switch (27); the sleeve-jacket (35, 36, 37) of the cylinder block of the diesel engine and the magnetic closing coils of the buffer-compressor cylinders have flanges for releasably connecting the cylinder block of the diesel engine with the buffer-compressor cylinders and the internal covers-shields located between them (19, 77), which separate the cavities of the diesel and compressor parts of the buffer-compressor cylinders, while the shield covers have thermal insulation and capillaries (74) for lubricating the diesel pistons from the channels (73) with liquid (31) and the grooves of the labyrinth seal in the piston hole. 22 23 2 25 262128 29 30 31 12 32 44 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 37 Z 41 42 43 A

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Fig.1

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to a linear electric generator driven by a free-piston internal combustion diesel engine (DCI), which can be used as an autonomous power source in transport, in particular air transport, and other areas of technology.

Many consumers of electricity need autonomous power sources. Therefore, there is an urgent need to create an economical, simple and reliable source of electricity to meet this need.

The diesel electric generator according to the invention is created on the basis of not just a long-known one (for example, from the books: Vedernikov M.I. Compressor and pump installations of chemical industry. Teaching manual for professional and technical students. 3rd edition, revised. I supplement - M.: "Vissh. School", 1974. - pp. 249, 250; Frenkel M. I. Piston compressor. Theory, constructions and design principles. - L.: Mashinostroenie Publishing House, 1969. - pp. 145-148), as well as a reliably and efficiently working machine mastered by production - a free-piston diesel compressor (VPDC), which has a compression ratio dependent on the stroke of the pistons and can (verified) work on various liquid and gas fuels (from crude oil to lean accompanying gases). VPDC, for example, are known from books: Vedernikov M.I. Compressor and pumping installations of the chemical industry. Study guide for prof.-techn. academic routine. Ed. 3rd, revised. and additional - M.: "You know. School", 1974. - pp. 249, 250; Frenkel M.I. Piston compressor. Theory, constructions and design basics. - L.: Mashinostroenie Publishing House, 1969. - P. 145-148.

This opposed machine has two identical synchronized differential block pistons (reciprocating compressor pistons mated to the cold ends of opposed diesel pistons).

The kinematic unity of the compressor and diesel pistons in the VPDC provides mechanical self-regulation of the diesel compression ratio depending on the fuel supply or the load of external compressors.

The pistons move synchronously to and from the common combustion chamber, which is the center of longitudinal symmetry and the center of mass of the entire opposed machine. The differential block pistons are in line and move synchronously, so the machine is structurally completely balanced and balanced (no vibrations). The power changes only from an increase in the diameter of the cylinders (pistons), the number of which is always only four (two differential pistons). They operate in the same building

From four compressors and a diesel - as many as 5 simple piston machines. VPDK is characterized by reliable start-up, simple structure and stable economic operation. However, this machine has significant drawbacks. Firstly, it is limited functionality, namely the ability of the analog to give energy only in the form of compressed air or high-temperature exhaust gases (VPDC - as a generator of the working body for a gas turbine) and the inability to generate electricity. Also, large losses of frictional energy in sets of rings of both compressor and both diesel pistons. The disadvantage is also that the linear diesel compressor has strong and heavy steel parts - cylinders and pistons, cylinders, gas lines and covers.

Many free-piston electric generators with internal combustion engines are known, in particular, from KO 105678 01, 20.06.2011; KSH 143160 01, 20.07.2014; 50) 985365 A1, December 30, 1982; 5 1733650 A1, 15.05.1992; 5) 1800079 A1, 07.03.1993; 05 3105153 A, 24.09.1963; 05 4876991 A, 31.10.1989; 005 9062601 VI, 23.06.2015; 005 2013255080 JSC, 03.10.2013; VO 2045666 C1, 10.10.1995; KI 2265946 C2, 10.12.2005. However, electricity generation in them is not optimal due to compromising electromechanical and thermal engineering solutions in all designs. The means of generation were added to the design as a separate unit suspended on the kinematic scheme, without its comprehensive integration into the free-piston machine. The lack of a linear generator (with optimal parameters) limits, and in fact blocks, the use of free-piston engines as a primary energy source for electric generators.

The closest structural scheme to the claimed generator is the well-known free-piston diesel electric generator (05 4543502 А, 24.09.1985), which contains a block of two cylinders of a diesel internal combustion engine, two blocks of pistons, which contain opposite diesel pistons, located on the inner sides facing each other of these blocks, and buffer pistons located on opposite sides of these blocks, two elastic hydraulic buffers for reversing the piston blocks, which are made in the form of two specified buffer pistons of the specified piston blocks and are adapted to contact the liquid in the buffer cavities, which are connected to the container compressed liquid and are located in two opposite buffer cylinders between the outer ends of the buffer pistons and buffer cylinder covers, which are located on opposite sides of the cylinder block of the diesel engine (opposite), two electric generators, each of which is made in the form of a moving part of the magnetic system of the electric generator in the form of a ring- a magnetic conductor made of a magnetically soft iron-cobalt alloy, which is built into the buffer piston of the piston block, and a fixed part of the magnetic system of the electric generator (inductor), made in the form of a magnetic conductor made of a magnetically soft iron-cobalt alloy or silicon iron with electric coils and built into buffer cylinder. The main disadvantages of the known generator are, firstly, the absence of a compressor for blowing the cylinders of the diesel engine, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the engine. Secondly, in the imperfect design of the magnetic system of generators, in particular in the absence of permanent magnets in them, which requires the use of an electrical system to excite the generators and thereby complicates the design and worsens the mass and dimensional parameters of the known generator. Thirdly, in the imperfect design of cylinders and pistons, in particular in the failure to use modern light metal (foamed titanium) and ceramic materials, which negatively affects the weight and wear resistance of the design.

The task of the invention is, firstly, to obtain a convenient in production and operation, simple, reliable, compact and relatively not massive thermomechanical source of electric power (alternating current from 600 Hz) with the most efficient conversion of fuel energy into electric current with the help of permanent magnets, capable of regulating generated voltage and control the generated current, both by mechanical change in the volume of return buffers and by changing the fuel consumption, and by electrical - inverter transformation and power thyristors. Secondly, to ensure increased efficiency of the free-piston diesel engine, possibly over 55-95.

The search for ways to solve the existing problem of creating an economical source of electricity, which is reliable due to its simplicity, led to the creation of a generator according to the invention, in which the best design solutions of known machines and new unknown design elements are combined in an original way.

The problem of the invention is solved by the fact that in a free-piston diesel electric generator (VPDG, which contains: a block of two opposite cylinders of a two-stroke diesel internal combustion engine, two blocks of pistons, which contain opposite diesel pistons, located opposite, mirror-symmetrical to the combustion chamber, and larger than diesel buffer-compressor pistons located linearly on two sides outwards of diesel, two buffers combined with compressors for reversing piston blocks, which are made in the form of larger than diesel buffer-compressor cylinders and buffer-compressor pistons, for contact with air in buffers located with on both sides of the DVZ block, two electric generators are built into the combined buffer-compressors, each of which is made in

In the form of a movable system of magnetic flow breakers, which is built into the body of the buffer-compressor pistons, and a stationary radial magnetic system with permanent magnets in the current coils of electric generators, which is built into each buffer-compressor cylinder, according to the invention, the cylinder block of a diesel diesel engine is made in the form titanium band-shirt (35, 36, 37) with a cavity for lubricating and cooling liquid (31), in the form of alkaline water with surface-active and anti-friction additives, while the inner surface (37) of the band-shirt has annular grooves and holds the formed in it is a diesel cylinder block made of ceramic mass, which forms cavities (18) for diesel pistons of piston blocks and a combustion chamber located between them, made in the form of a connecting central tube (40) with screw grooves (16); each specified buffer for reversing the piston blocks is made pneumatic and combined with a compressor for blowing the cylinders of a diesel engine, while larger than diesel pistons and larger than diesel cylinders are buffer-compressor, the compressor cavity (10) is located on the side of the inner end of the buffer-compressor piston between the inner surface of the buffer-compressor cylinder and the outer surface (8) of the diesel piston, the buffer has an outlet valve with a drop-shaped working body (3), which is adapted to regulate the pressure in the buffer cavity located between the outer end of the buffer-compressor piston and the cover (2) buffer -compressor cylinder, which is made of composite and has the shape of a cup with a flange for fastening pins, and in the cup of the cover (2), under the cover-plug (22), there are current outputs of the corresponding generator, which, like the current windings, are made of tubes ; the piston blocks are made of foamed titanium in the form of a differential piston, which contains a tubular part with a cavity (7) common to the buffer and diesel pistons, and a dull conical head (13) of the diesel piston, which is continuous with the piston (7), and is covered with layers of thermal insulation from the outside; the buffer-compressor cylinder is made in the form of a titanium jacket (29) with an annular cavity for the lubricating and cooling liquid (31), which is formed by the jacket (29) and the pipe of the magnetic closer (27) made of alloy steel, which is made as a power bandage of the ceramic body of the cylinder, which is formed in it from a sintered ceramic mass (12), and forms cavities for buffer-compressor pistons;

the moving part of the magnetic system of each electric generator is made in the form of six ferromagnetic locking stars, which are mounted in both buffer-compressor pistons, each in the form of a ring of sixteen radially located rays in the form of conical fingers with cobwebs at the thinner ends, while the middle section is wider (6 ) has annular grooves with sealing rings on the surface between the trios of ferromagnetic stars-closers; the stationary part of the magnetic system of each electric generator is made in the form of eight ring systems, each of which is made of sixteen conical magnet fingers (28) made of samarium alloy, which are radially installed inside power windings (30) made of ultrapure titanium tube, bonded by sintered ceramics (12) and magnetic switch (27); the shirt bandage (35, 36, 37) of the cylinder block of the diesel engine and the magnetic closing coils of the buffer-compressor cylinders have flanges for releasably connecting the cylinder block of the diesel engine with the buffer-compressor cylinders and the internal covers-shields located between them (19, 77), which separate the cavities of the diesel and compressor parts of the buffer-compressor cylinders, while the shield covers have thermal insulation and capillaries (74) for lubricating the diesel pistons from the channels (73) with liquid (31) and the grooves of the labyrinth seal in the piston hole.

The technical result of the invention is provided by the use of ceramic materials for cylinders and titanium for pistons, which allow water lubrication in the friction pair. In addition, the use of labyrinth piston seals instead of compression rings. Also, the construction of a star radial-finger magnetic circuit of linear generation with conical identical finger magnets, reduction of the remagnetization gap to a technical minimum of a new order (from 0.011 mm), optimization of gas dynamics and temperature, using ultra-pure titanium windings-tubes that are cooled. The scheme can be adapted to work in the cryogenic mode with effective effects of superconductivity and superfluidity and high densities of the given energy of the electric current and its frequency.

The following structural differences are also important.

Firstly, the elements of the magnetic system of the generator are integrated into the compressor parts of the VPDG - magnetic closing stars in the long compressor pistons (six of them) and radial excitation windings with magnets inside - in the ceramic cylinders of the compressors (eight rings of 16

From windings each);

Secondly, all cylinders are made of durable electric ceramics, and the pistons are made of a foamed alloy of titanium, chromium and beryllium, and have electrolytically chrome-plated external surfaces to protect against hydrogen diffusion (except for the side surfaces of the anchor pistons with fasteners, because chromium is a ferromagnet);

Thirdly, the seals are labyrinthine - the long bodies of the pistons have small gaps with annular grooves, which are filled with water-based paramagnetic grease through the channels and their waste capillaries;

Fourthly, the functions of lubrication and cooling are performed by a magnetic liquid - water containing chemical (alkaline) and dispersive fluoride additives. The use of water is possible with the selected friction pair: with ceramic cylinders and titanium pistons in particular. Water also does not coke and brings the engine closer to adiabatic, ensuring the working temperature of the ceramic walls of the diesel combustion chamber is over 500 degrees Celsius;

Fifth, VPDK compressors produced compressed air for consumers. In the VPDG according to the invention, they fill the starting cylinders-receivers with air during warm-up, and after restoring the starting pressure, they become buffers for the return of the pistons with adjustable pressure (due to a mechanical change in the size of their dead space), without the consumption of air or inert gas. Thanks to this, the initial energy indicators of the machine have changed. Even producing only compressed air, VPDC is 26 95 more efficient than compressors with crankshafts. There is an explanation for this: the power path in VPDK and VPDG is extremely short and directed exactly along the center of the round differential piston blocks. The energy of the fuel obtained on the diesel piston heads is completely used on the compressor ends of the pistons. At the same time, the pressure force does not meet any bearing on its way - it is not transmitted through friction nodes, so it cannot jam and destroy the installation. And the main thing is that all the pressure is directed only along the cylinders, that is, it is almost the only type of piston machines in which the working pressure in the cylinders does not press the pistons against the mirror at all. In addition to the VPDK and VPDG, only the Stirling engine with a rhombic crank mechanism can be distinguished by such possibilities of completely liquid friction of the pistons and their minimal wear. Such a "Stirling" will also be a vertical-piston linear generator with the radial-star magnetic system invented and described here, which has the smallest clearance to the movable switches. This will make it possible to "refuel" the Stirling vehicle with coal or briquettes instead of gasoline for several hundred more years. The cylinders serve only as guide channels for the movement of the VPDK and VPDG pistons. The efficiency of generation increases significantly thanks to the invented radial-finger magnetic system with mechanical switching of magnetic fluxes, built into cylinders and pistons. The system of radial magnetic stars is operational only in the absence of pressing the piston-anchor against the cylinder walls (reaction to the resistance of the pressure gases on the crank). The gap between the magnetic core of the coils and the magnetic closures in the pistons is equal to the gap between the piston and the cylinder and is less than 0.02 millimeters. Such distances between magnetic elements in generators with rotating rotors are now technically impossible! The clearances of rotating generators are twenty or even forty times larger, and are determined by the larger permissible radial clearances in the bearings at the extreme wear of the running surfaces. Water in the gap is paramagnetic, so it conducts the magnetic field through such a small distance without any losses, and constantly washes the sliding gap. The longitudinal distance difference - between the circles of the fingers of the contacts in the long bodies of the pistons and the cores of the coils in the stars along the cylinders - facilitates the pushing of the armature piston, which successively remagnetizes the circles (stars) of the finger radial magnetic cores and their current windings cemented together with ceramics into the cylinders of linear generators .

It is easiest to push a magnetic switch with six contacts precisely through a system of magnetic cores dialed from eight radial rings with irregular pair-relay (alternating) switching. Alternating switching is provided by a piston in which the closing elements are longitudinally installed closer than the core of the windings: two groups of three stars with a wider membrane between them.

Magnetic pistons-armatures of compressors hang in the magnetic fields of annular radial systems of windings with magnetic cores, evenly distributed along the length of the cylinder, reducing the weight pressing on the walls of the stator cylinders. Of all the above, energy efficiency

VPDH will double the return of traditional rotary. Fuel economy will also improve more than twice, because one simple machine contains two generators, just as the prototype has two external compressors. The VPDG has compressor blowing - so it can work at high altitudes at low external air pressure. In addition, for inflation, you can use the energy of diesel exhaust ("complex" system, binary turbine).

The technical advantages of the developed magnetic system of the linear generator are as follows.

First, the maximum intensity of the magnetic flux change (remagnetization) of the cores and current windings is due to the direction of the magnetic field lines in the gap zone between the moving and stator magnets. The ends of the magnetized conical rods (fingers) interact in the gap, in which the magnetic field is strongest precisely in the zones of the end surfaces of the magnets.

Secondly, switching of the magnetic flux in the zone of its concentration occurs between conical fingers, which meet with polished round ends (menisci) of different diameters. This guarantees a certain time of complete overlapping of the working surfaces of the magnets by the circuit breakers, which ensures the saturation of the magnetic flux through the circuit breakers in the piston. A clear alternation of closing and opening of the concentrated fields of the magnet-magnet half-circle system is ensured, with a certain time of both their fully closed and open states.

Third, the actuator and design of the linear armature-piston and cylinder-stator with their magnetic systems provide a stable operating gap between the moving and stationary magnets within the range of 0.011-0.022 millimeters. This is equal to the size difference in the piston-cylinder pair. At this time, no mechanical generator has a smaller fixed gap with liquid friction. This design provides the most intensive change in magnetic flux, and therefore - very efficient current generation.

Fourthly, elongated conical fingers - magnets are made from an alloy of samarium and cobalt and have the shape of conical pins, which is convenient for perceiving high-energy magnetization. Due to the design, the simple shape of individual and identical cone magnets in the set guarantees their cheap mass production. Samarium and cobalt withstand high temperatures and acceleration without losing their magnetic properties.

Fifth, the tightness and reliability of fixing the fingers in the conical holes of both pistons and in the conical nests of the cylinders is an important constructive finding. The fastening of the magnets is ensured by the landing of polished surfaces with a small cone angle (1:50) due to interatomic forces of attraction, as well as by the mutual attraction of the radial set of cones of each magnetic star of the pistons, in which all the cones-fingers touch with the side faces.

Sixth, the loading mechanics and the system of fixing the fingers in the sockets ensure reliable and tight holding of rather fragile and very powerful magnets in the directions of powerful working accelerations of the pistons, which also sharply change the direction of movement to the opposite. No other fastening system, except the one described, gave the magnets a chance to withstand thermal,

inertial and electromagnetic loads acting on the piston in a free-piston diesel engine.

Seventh, simplifying assembly and increasing the strength of the magnetic part of the piston is provided because the radial-conical holes that hold the elements of the magnetic stars in the pistons are made blind. The landing cones-sockets do not exit through the holes in the central tube of each of the two differential pistons. This makes it easier to maintain the same drilling depth of the magnet seats and guarantee a constant vacuum in the central hole-tube of each piston.

Eighth, the thickness of the titanium membranes between the stars, along the piston body, determines the distance between individual magnetic circles, and therefore the hole circles, which greatly affects the strength of the piston, so the thickness of the membrane is determined by calculations.

Ninthly, as the magnetic flux switches in the linear generator, the wider, magnet-filled compressor parts of the differential pistons of the linear machine are used directly, the entire power of movement of which is immediately transformed into a force change of magnetic fluxes (that is, into an electric current) in the windings, which are placed directly in ceramic body of compressor cylinders.

The design of the generator according to the invention is explained by the drawings in which in fig. 1 is depicted

VPDG in section; in fig. 2 - section AA in fig. 1; in fig. C - section B-B in fig. 1; in fig. 4 - section C-

C in fig. 1; in fig. 5 - section 0-0 in fig. 1.

In the drawing fig. 1 shows and marks the following elements of the VPDG. Pos. 1 - eight current power outputs of the left (or right) generator, from which useful power is taken - current from all eight ring groups of 16 coils each. Eight hollow tires, which are tubular from ultra-pure titanium tube, like all the windings (titanium is characterized by superconductivity, therefore, in space, energy can be taken from the temperature difference between the illuminated and shaded parts of the ships using a similar structure, but cryogenic generator). The power tires are located on the upper semicircle in the recess of the outer cup-cover of the buffer-compressor and have insulated (glazed) root parts of the legs coming out of the ceramic body of the cylinder, and silver-plated contact parts with temperature sensors in the holes of the tubular clamping bolts. Pos. 2 - the outer cover of the buffer-compressor cylinder, which is made of

It is made of composite on a crossed fiber and has the shape of a glass with a low side. In the thick side of the cover, 16 holes are made for fastening pins with sockets for round hidden nuts.

Nuts have 12 slotted teeth instead of the usual six faces, which provides locking, secrecy, strength. Pos. C is a drop-shaped working body of the exhaust valve, clamping of which changes the pressure in the buffers, and therefore the speed of rotation of the pistons of the machine, which determines the frequency of the current.

Pos. 4 - a titanium plug, which is screwed on a conical cut, which is hermetic and keeps the vacuum in the cavity (item 7). The die-cast serial differential piston (block of buffer-compressor and diesel pistons) will have a solid bottom and an infusion-welded ceramic head-egg. Po3z 5 - a samarium-cobalt magnet in the shape of a conical finger with coots on the thinner end. The standard conical magnetic element of each of the six movable rod ring closers - with a clear switching of the concentrated field and a strong fixing in the piston, the element of 16-ray magnetic star-closer of the left differential piston. Pos. b - the wide middle section between the three magnetic closing stars has on its outer surface annular grooves with round fluoroplastic sealing rings that seal the piston at low speeds and during start-up. Pos. 7 - a tubular cavity in each of both blocks of differential pistons (buffer-compressor and diesel pistons). It has a very low pressure inside the cavity - a vacuum, which reduces the thermal stress and weight inertia of the pipe of the block of differential pistons. Pos. 8 - the outer surface of the diesel piston tube is covered with layers of chrome, as a result of which the fuel can also be hydrogen. The piston body is best made by pressure casting from titanium with a gas generator - foamed titanium, because this significantly reduces weight and expansion, reduces inertia and metal consumption. Pos. 9 - the place where a titanium chevron synchronizing angle rail is welded to the working surface of the end of the buffer-compressor piston. Pos. 10 - the tubular working cavity of the left blow-by compressor of the engine, which is the largest in the outer position of the buffer-compressor piston, which is also shown in the drawing in fig. 1. Pos. 11 - a conical magnet core, one of the sixteen elements of the circle of the radial system of the power coils of the generator, which is made of an alloy of samarium and cobalt. All 128 magnets-cores of the coils of the left (and right) stator are the same, all the cones are ground and polished, and the ends are selected for the piston and the switch and are polished already after assembly and fixing in the same conical nests of the windings of each of the two buffer-compressor cylinders-stators of electric generators . Item 12 - the ceramic mass of the buffer-compressor cylinder, which is the cementing base of the intake cylinder of the left (and right) buffer-compressor-generator, which after sintering fastens all the radial rings of the coils into a tube and forms a continuous cylinder-stator (placed in a power magnetic switch).

Pos. 13 - the conical head of the diesel piston is covered with layers of chrome and thermal insulation. It smoothly directs the purge air into the diesel cylinders. The hot (adiabatic) head is made of foamed titanium integral with the piston (tubular part, item 7) and is covered with thermal insulation, which slowly transfers heat. The important thing is that it is best to make all the massive metal parts from foamed titanium, especially the pistons. Pos. 14 - radial ceramic ribs, which form the intake system of direct-flow slit blowing of diesel cylinders.

Thanks to this, turbulence is radically reduced, both at the inflow and outflow of gases from a double (in terms of length) diesel cylinder. Pos. 15 - an angular channel covered with fluoroplastic in the thick ceramic body of diesel cylinders, where a pair of synchronizing, well-polished angle rails with chevron teeth on their inner shelves is movably placed. Pos. 16 - cannon screw threads inside the narrowed central part of the diesel cylinders, which swirl the air in front of the second half-cylinder (an important gas-dynamic finding). This improves the mixing of air with fuel, causing complex turbulence during the completion of its compression. Pos. 17 - a forged chevron solid gear shaft is placed below so that the unit is lubricated and heats up less. Made of titanium, it has splines on the shaft, on which the diagonal washer of the plunger fuel pump drive is mounted, which works in both directions of rotation. Pos. 18 - the polished ceramic surface of the right diesel cylinder is the same as the left and has micro-uniformities from rotary grinding. Closer to the blowing slits, small annular grooves are made, which are lubricated by "water" through the capillaries. The water-lubricating and cooling mixture is supplied through capillary tubes from below - from the cooling jacket. It is here, on the lower hemispheres of all cylinders, that disperse antifriction additives from the lubricating and cooling fluid settle, compensating for surface wear and providing good compression for a long time. Pos. 19 - an internal cover-shield separating the cavities of diesel and buffer-compressor cylinders on both sides of the machine, which is made of foamed titanium alloy. A separate cross-section 0-0 in fig. is dedicated to this complex and responsible part. 1, which is presented in fig. 5. The shield has labyrinth seal grooves in the bore for the diesel piston, as well as capillaries for their lubrication (from the cooling channels, where we have high pressure) and air channels to the strip automatic valves.

On the side of the exhaust and intake manifolds, the shield is equipped with layers of thermal insulation made of foam ceramics or basalt wool. Pos. 20 - an array of electric ceramics, from which the cylinder of the left/right buffer-compressor-generator is formed. It has blind (not through) corner holes for synchronizing rails at this point. The sintered ceramic not only insulates the windings, it keeps the air pressure and heat in the machine cylinders (relying on the enclosing metal tube-jacket - magnetic closure). The corner guide cavity for the synchronizing rail in the ceramic body has a fluoroplastic coating (on the outer shelves of the hollow corner-channel), reducing wear of the channel. Pos. 21 - the pyramidal cavity of the head of the diesel pistons-tubes, which has a radius connection of the surfaces. This increases the stiffness and strength of the pistons.

Pos. 22 - a cover-plug, which is stamped from titanium 2 mm thick and tightly covers the round chamber in the outer cover of the buffer-compressor-generator, into which the power current buses (item 1) on the ends of the generator cylinders exit. The same stamped cover covers the right alternator cylinder cover and under both can be placed epoxy foam washers - as shock absorbers, fillers and de-ionizers of the power bus chambers. The end surfaces of the lids have annular grooves pressed inwards (menisci in cross-section). Pos. 23 - toothed titanium nuts have 12 slotted teeth instead of six faces, which are used to prevent unscrewing by cutting into the body of the cover with their ends. Nuts with their external slots with high friction on the corners of the ends firmly press the outer cylinder covers of each of the two buffer-compressors through 16 pins. The composite power cover-glass of external buffers-generator-compressors has high electrical resistance and strength due to its radiused, rounded shape without stress concentrators. Pos. 24 (Fig. 3) - the rail of the synchronizing mechanism is made of a titanium-chromium alloy by pressure casting. The rail has a profile of an angle, on the inner shelves of which protrusions and depressions are squeezed out, forming an angular chevron rigid toothed angle rail. The outer shelves of the corner are ground and polished, all surfaces are chrome-plated and have a hardened layer. Pos. 25 - power pins (M12x1.25) are usually titanium with a knurled groove on both ends. The threaded end of the pin protrudes into the cavity of the cooling jacket by 1-2 mm. The taper thread locks and seals the pin in the sleeve flange hole in addition to the gear nuts (key 23). All flange connections of the machine have 16 pins, which are based and locked in the massive flanges of the magnetic closer-jacket for the cooling of each of the two generator-compressors. Pos. 26 - current windings, identical,

tubular, titanium, but the first and eighth are used to power their own needs and are not power phases. Automatic auxiliary pumps for water and fuel, instruments, stroke frequency sensors, ignition systems for working on gas and water, lighting, etc. are powered from both extreme circular groups of windings. Pos. 27 - alloy steel coil - cooling jacket of buffer-compressor-generator (pipe with flanges), which serves as a power bandage of the buffer-compressor cylinder, as well as an external magnetic closure, a heat conductor, a strong generator case and a base for attaching a metal-foam shield (pos. 19). The corrosion resistance of chrome-vanadium steel is provided by several layers of chrome on all surfaces of the fastener. In addition, the magnetized switch treats water with a magnetic field and stabilizes its lubricating properties and cleans it of ferromagnetic dirt. The flanges of the switch carry 16 pins on which the three main parts of the machine are assembled: the diesel engine and two linear generator-compressors. Pos. 28 - the same conical fingers-magnets made of an alloy of samarium and cobalt, which are radially installed inside the power windings and serve as conductors of the alternating magnetic flux of the generator-compressor. 16x8-128 identical cone magnets were used for one stator (in Fig. 1 - the left generator). Pos. 29 - a thin outer jacket made of titanium with a thickness of at least three millimeters, which is welded to the flanges of the circuit breaker and connected by a longitudinal seam and forms an annular cooling cavity of the generator. In the upper part, a tangential flushing and filling nozzle (item 3z.64) is welded. Pos. 30 - one of the sixteen radial power windings of the fourth from the engine ring system of current generation of the working phase of the VPDH (pure titanium wire-tube). Eight ring systems, 16 coils each, make up the six power current phases of the six-phase generation system (except for the two extreme rings, which are auxiliary).

Pos. 31 - lubricating and cooling liquid inside the annular cooling jacket of the left generator - alkaline water with a package of surface-active and fluorine dispersed additives.

It is possible to use the 5 95th additive, as in hydraulic systems of coal mining complexes, for example, AKVOL-3 or VNIIPT-117. Pos. 32 - a system of channels connecting the cooling cavities of the generator and the shield, which is drilled (calibrated from the cooling cavity) in the flange of the switch after mounting the shield on the cylinder. Pos. 33 - one of the 16 titanium pins on which the compressor cylinder with shield is assembled and centered, and then the entire line of four cylinders of the diesel generator. Pos. 34 - ring diesel collector for blow-by air.

From Pos. 35 - annular weld of titanium parts of the cooling jacket of a diesel engine. Pos. 36 - the outer part of the shirt-bandage of the diesel cylinder, which is welded to the titanium coil with flanges (pos. 51) and forms a cooling cavity (pos. 31). Pos. 37 - the inner surface of the titanium bandage-shirt (inside the pipe) has small annular grooves after turning, therefore it holds the diesel cylinder formed in it from the ceramic mass without unnecessary stoppers. But there are not even small grooves under the flanges. Pos. 38 - bypass channels for blow-by air from the right compressor, which are made in the thick ceramic body of the diesel cylinders (automatic valves at the ends of the channels are not shown). Pos. 39 - the cross-sectional plane "C-C" divides the car into mirror-symmetric left and right parts (with the exception of some nozzles and the elevations of the blowing slits). Pos. 40 - narrowing in the middle of the diesel cylinder block, which fundamentally changes the blowing and corresponds to the shape of the diesel piston heads. The narrowing carries a useful device: inclined gun-rifles-swirls inside the opening. Pos. 41 - exhaust gas outlet direction. In place of the jet, a "complex" injection system with a swinging rotor sector or a binary economizer turbine (where the outboard suction wheel is inside and just below the radially tangential turbine) may not be shown, where the exhaust flow is reversed to outline a loop that covers the greater half turbine disk). Pos. 42 - a light titanium pipe with a flange, which serves as part of the exhaust pipeline from the round internal collector to the means of the first stage of air injection, which are conventionally indicated in the dotted line on the drawing. Pos. 43 - the outer side of the shield flange (pos. 19) of foamed titanium, which accommodates the system of circular air channels passing from the compressors to the valves and filters. The shield is clamped between the flanges of the diesel and generator cooling jackets. The centering shield is normally an integral part of every compressor-generator and is machined after assembly with its cylinder.

Pos. 44 - gaps between the shield and the switch, which are sealed with a thin gasket made of sealing paste. On both sides of the shield, small projecting ring edges are made, on which the flanges of the power bandages-shirts of all three cylinder blocks of the machine are centered with the corresponding recesses. The gap between the shield and the inner flange of the jacket-lockers in normal operation is not disassembled, even during overhaul of worn machines. The buffer-compressor cylinder (generator stator) is polished together with its shield. Pos. 45 - a tangle of titanium wire on the wall of the buffer-compressor cylinder cover - is a shock absorber, noise absorber and condenser and is located in the dead space of the return buffers of the piston blocks.

Pos. 47 - porous or fibrous overlays on the shields, which are their thermal protection from the hot air of the collectors. Pos. 48 - an annular cavity in both stepped flanges of the titanium power jacket of the diesel cylinder block, which serves as the walls of the intake and exhaust manifolds of the machine. The power jacket is made by rotational molding, using special technology - from foamed titanium. Item 49 - pallet made of strong foamed composite on quartz fiber, which serves as a fixing stand and lower support insulator of compressors-generators. The insulating support pallet is made of a strong composite with spherical protrusions downwards, towards the installation support surface. The pallet has grooves near the edges, in which the walls of the box hood are clamped. This is the lower part of the external insulation of the machine: electrical, thermal, sound and from various types of radiation, which serves to radically increase the safety of everything surrounding the machine. Hoods and pallets are covered with light paint, which protects the composites from ultraviolet rays and indicates any damage. Pos. 50 - titanium cap nuts, with which the synchronizing gear, locked with the fuel pumps, is fixed to the body of the cooling jacket. Titanium pins are used, screwed into the shirt up to the stop in the edge of the knurled cut, and locked with cap nuts. Pos. 51 is a lightweight titanium cover that houses the high-pressure fuel pump ceramic cylinder block and secures the timing gear bushings in the dual diesel cylinder to its cooling power jacket. Pos. 52 - a cylinder block of an axial fuel pump with polished titanium valves and springs, which is made in the form of a replaceable ceramic block of very high hardness. Pos. 53 - the surface of the stepped flange forming the exhaust collector, which is polished to a mirror shine and serves as a heat reflector. Pos. 54 - ceramic petals of the outlet slit system of the machine, not glazed. The matte ceramic surface is covered with soot during operation, and this reduces and equalizes the thermal tension relative to the thin guide petals of the exhaust system.

In the drawings fig. 2, With the following elements of the VPDG are depicted and marked. Pos. 55 is a receiver cavity for suction air above the microporous air filters, which has the appearance of a shoe or a volumetric corner with an arcuate base. Pos. 56 - muffler pipe, which is drop-shaped in cross-section, with a grooved deflector and a sound absorber in the corner. Pos. 57 - the cavity of the titanium cylinder-receiver, which contains compressed air, which is enough for two pneumatic starts of the engine. We have two cylinders under each of the two generators, so up to eight attempts to start the machine. Pos. 58 - a titanium tank for a water-lubricant mixture, which has the shape of an oblong shoe with support membranes inside. Pos. 59 - the active absorber of the second muffler - basalt wool in the sharp and long corner of its titanium body with a drop-shaped section, which provides less noise from the final exhaust of the linear diesel generator. Pos. 60 - a wedge cavity between the pallet and the circumference of the flanges of the closer, in which a drain pipe with a conical plug and a manometer, but without a safety valve, is welded on one side with a filling neck, parallel to the pallet and tangential to the outer body of the cooling jacket. Item b1 - a thin composite box hood-lid on carbon fiber, which has perforations in the upper parts of the side walls and reinforced three-dimensional corners of tetrahedrons on the outer ends. Annular and radial stiffeners of its walls are not shown in the drawing. Pos. 62 - the receiver of the first air filter of the left compressor-buffer, the left generator of the machine. The same receiver is under the hood of the right compressor-generator, they are identical. Pos. 63 - automatic tape valves, which are located just under the air filters of each compressor.

Titanium is selected as the material for all parts of all valves. This makes them light, hard, resilient, corrosion resistant and less noisy. The materials and design of the valves determine the durability and functional reliability of the entire machine. All automatic band valves of machine compressors, except bypass valves, are the same. Pos. 64 - a conical plug of the filler neck (the parts of which are usually also titanium), which contains a central hole with a needle safety valve. Actuation of the valve causes a whistling jet that relieves the pressure and provides an electrical and audible overheat signal. Pos. 65 - a large hole, which is made in the geometric center of the cylindrical body of the machine, in its lower part in the ceramic body and cooling jacket of the diesel cylinders. A synchronizing chevron gear is installed in the hole, which drives the high-pressure axial-piston fuel pump Pos. 66 - a vertical support rib made under the shield (item 19) on the pallet as part of the pallet from the same foam composite. The upper arc of the rib adheres to the flanges of the cooling jackets, insuring the cylindrical machine on the pallet from rolling away and shifting. Banded titanium clamps around both flanges are not shown in the drawing.

In the drawings fig. 4, 5 the following elements of the VPDG are depicted and marked. Pos. 67 - a longitudinal groove on both sides of the pallet, which accommodates and fixes the side walls of the hood-cover, closing the insulating box-case around both generator cylinders. Item 68 - titanium studs of the transverse line of the pump cover fastening, which have titanium nuts of the open type, only with slots instead of faces, which ensures their locking. Pos. 69 - high-pressure titanium tube of the fuel line, which is resistant to cuts and corrosion, covered with plastic foam. It combines the injector and the fuel pressure spring accumulator (not shown) of the fuel storage system. Pos. 70 is an engine fuel injector that has a massive ferromagnetic needle, a titanium support spring and an electric traction coil. Fuel injection is possible when the winding is turned on or when a pressure wave arrives. It is possible to use an electromagnetic pump-injector powered by an auxiliary winding closer to the diesel engine. Pos. 71 is the original slotted bolt with the fuel channel, which presses the end washer with the high pressure fuel tube. Pos. 72 - the neck of a titanium cylinder with a conical cut, on which an air tap-valve is mounted, which controls the pneumatic start of the linear diesel engine, and also ensures the filling of the cylinders with air to the specified pressure. Pos. 73 - lubricating vertical channels that supply the lubricating water mixture to its capillaries, and from there to the tubular diesel piston. Pos. 74 - capillaries of horizontal lubrication channels, which also supply the water mixture to the diesel piston pipe. The channels of each of the two cover-shields (19) lubricate their piston from the opposite pair of differential pistons of the machine. Excess mixture enters the cylinders of the machine. Pos. 75 - the cavity above the air cylinders on the sides of the right generator, which is not occupied by the muffler pipes. The exhaust manifold heats up the right alternator a lot, but you can place compressed fuel spring accumulators under its sides. Pos. 76 - almost radial (by direction) air channels that connect the air filters and the working cavity of the blowing compressors of the machine. Automatic tape valves are placed above the channels on the outside of the flanges - under replaceable microporous filters. Pos. 77 - the body of the shield-cover (item 19), which is made in the form of a large round washer with air and lubrication channels, holes for pins and fixings of valves with filters, on the centering recesses of which the main components of the VPDG are assembled. It is important to make a cap from a foamed alloy of titanium, chromium and beryllium. Only metal foam provides lightness, strength and elasticity, enables the shield to withstand and absorb the possible impact of a heavy and fast differential piston of the machine. Pos. 78 - the upper corners of the composite hood are reinforced with arched membranes

With the base facing the round body of the opposit machine. Volumetric corners make the hoods strong and resistant, primarily to vibration, cyclic, and shock loads.

Pos. 79 - the location of a separate primary air compression system (shown in dotted line). A double turbine-economizer as part of a closed centrifugal turbine, on the upper disk of which a system of blades and a cap-bell of a tangential turbine are welded. The exhaust rotates the upper tangential turbine, covering more than 190 degrees of its circle, and heats the lower centrifugal, which sucks in atmospheric air, performing its primary compression. The indicated location of the turbines (hot from above) allows the bearing bushings to be cooled by fresh air sucked in from the atmosphere. Pos. 80 - eight through-holes around the pointed cone protruding from under the bent exhaust flange, which ensure that the intake and exhaust flange cones are clamped by eight titanium studs. Pos. 81 - sixteen pairs of slotted titanium nuts that reliably connect and center the flanges of the cooling jackets of three cylinder blocks: diesel and two buffer-compressor-generator cylinders. Pos. 82 - the middle part of the machine body, which must have a minimum installation height, so even the stiffening ribs of the insulating hood in the middle part - from above are thinned to the thickness of its walls. In the middle-top, above the center of the diesel cylinders, the exhaust air passes to the pre-charger turbine. Pos. 83 - outlet flanges, which are equipped with a simple seal - this is the clamping of two corresponding cones by eight titanium pins, placed at a larger radius than the cones of the flanges. Pos. 84 - a gap between the hood-cover, which has the shape of a portion of an arc and is intended for the passage of air with oxygen to the buffer filters and blowdown compressors of both generator-compressor units. The location of the gap to some extent contributes to air purification, creating a cyclonic effect during a sharp turn of the suction flow. Pos. 85 - a microporous air filter cover (in the shape of a bell), which is installed on top of the turbine housing, without leaving the projections of the machine. The dotted line shows the outer (hot) wall of the binary turbines. The supercharger is not drawn in detail, because it is an auxiliary and very versatile element. Pos. 86 - internal composite ribs of the hood-lid, which go at least on the radius (rounded) corners of the hood. This significantly strengthens the upper wall.

Claims (1)

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION A free-piston compression diesel electric generator that includes a block of two opposed cylinders of a two-stroke diesel engine, two blocks of pistons that contain opposed diesel pistons located opposite, mirror-symmetrical to the combustion chamber, and larger than diesel buffer-compressor pistons located linearly from two sides to the outside of the diesel, two buffers combined with compressors for reversing the piston blocks, which are made in the form of larger than diesel buffer-compressor cylinders and buffer-compressor pistons, for air contact in the buffers located on both sides of the diesel engine block, into the combined buffers - the compressors are equipped with two electric generators, each of which is made in the form of a movable system of magnetic flow switches, which is built into the body of the buffer-compressor pistons, and a stationary radial magnetic system with permanent magnets in the current coils of the electric generators, which is built into each buffer-compressor cylinder, which differs in that the cylinder block of a diesel engine is made in the form of a titanium bandage-shirt (35, 36, 37) with a cavity for the lubricating and cooling fluid (31), in the form of alkaline water with surface-active and anti-friction additives, while the inner surface ( 37) shirt bandage has annular grooves and holds a diesel cylinder block formed in it from a ceramic mass, which forms cavities (18) for diesel pistons of piston blocks and a combustion chamber located between them, made in the form of a connecting central tube (40) with screw grooves (16); each specified buffer for reversing the piston blocks is made pneumatic and combined with a compressor for blowing the cylinders of a diesel engine, while larger than diesel pistons and larger than diesel cylinders are buffer-compressor, the compressor cavity (10) is located on the side of the inner end of the buffer-compressor piston between the inner surface of the buffer-compressor cylinder and the outer surface (8) of the diesel piston, the buffer has an outlet valve with a drop-shaped working body (3), which is adapted to regulate the pressure in the buffer cavity located between the outer end of the buffer-compressor piston and the cover (2) buffer - compressor cylinder, which is made of composite and has the shape of a glass with a flange for fastening pins, and in the cup of the cover (2), under the cover-plug (22), there are current outputs of the corresponding generator, which, like the current windings, are made of tubes ; piston blocks are made of foamed titanium in the form of a differential piston, which contains a tubular part with a cavity (7) common to the buffer-compressor and diesel pistons, and a dull, continuous with the piston (7) conical head (13) of the diesel piston, covered with layers from the outside thermal insulation; the buffer-compressor cylinder is made in the form of a titanium jacket (29) with an annular cavity for the lubricating and cooling liquid (31), which is formed by the jacket (29) and the pipe of the magnetic closer (27) made of alloy steel, which is made as a power bandage of the ceramic body of the cylinder, which is formed in it from a sintered ceramic mass (12), and forms cavities for buffer-compressor pistons; the moving part of the magnetic system of each electric generator is made in the form of six ferromagnetic locking stars, which are mounted in both buffer-compressor pistons, each in the form of a ring of sixteen radially located rays in the form of conical fingers with licks at the thinner ends, while the middle section is wider (b ) has annular grooves with sealing rings on the surface between the trios of ferromagnetic stars-closers; the stationary part of the magnetic system of each electric generator is made in the form of eight ring systems, each of which is made of sixteen conical magnet fingers (28) made of samarium alloy, which are radially installed inside power windings (30) made of ultrapure titanium tube, bonded by sintered ceramics (12) and magnetic switch (27); the shirt bandage (35, 36, 37) of the cylinder block of the diesel engine and the magnetic closing coils of the buffer-compressor cylinders have flanges for releasably connecting the cylinder block of the diesel engine with the buffer-compressor cylinders and the internal covers-shields located between them (19, 77), which separate the cavities of the diesel and compressor parts of the buffer-compressor cylinders, while the shield covers have thermal insulation and capillaries (74) for lubricating the diesel pistons from the channels (73) with liquid (31) and the grooves of the labyrinth seal in the piston hole. 22 232 25 962728 29 30 31 12 32 44 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 37 Z 41 42 45 44 r Di g rt rt Gu / / Her | / th Y / th their I | ! 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