UA125919C2 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the constructions of internal combustion engines, namely to the constructions of four-stroke internal combustion engines, which are used to drive means of land, air, and water transport, military, agricultural, and construction machinery, electric generators, compressors, water pumps, pumps, motorized tools (lawn mowers, chainsaws) and other machines, both mobile and stationary. An internal combustion engine comprises a combustion chamber, a cylinder block, in which each cylinder includes a piston connected to the crankshaft of the crank mechanism, and a gas distribution mechanism with a sequentially located shut-off valve and gas distribution valve, a head that serves as a stop for the valves, and air supply and exhaust gas discharge channels. The head is placed above the cylinder with a gap and is rigidly connected to the crankcase of the cylinder block, while the head is made in one piece with a conical closing element, made with the possibility of articulation with a closing valve, which is made in the form of a cylindrical shell installed from the outer part of the cylinder, and it is sealed by means sealing rings relative to the outer surface of the cylinder, while in the peripheral part of the shell there is a through conical hole with chamfers for articulation with the conical part of the head, and coaxially with the conical closing element of the head, a gas distribution valve is installed with a through conical hole with chamfers, made with the possibility of articulation with a conical closing element of the head, while the head has stop surfaces for the closing and gas distribution valves. The efficiency and environmental friendliness of the internal combustion engine have been increased.

Description

The invention belongs to the constructions of internal combustion engines, namely to the constructions of four-stroke internal combustion engines, which are used to drive means of land, air and water transport, military, agricultural and construction machinery, electric generators, compressors, water pumps, pumps, motorized tools (lawn mowers, chainsaw) and other machines, both mobile and stationary, the annual production of which in the world reaches several tens of millions of products. The power of internal combustion piston engines varies from a few watts (engines of model airplanes, cars and ships) to 75,000 kW (ship engines).

A four-stroke internal combustion engine is known, which includes a cylinder block, pistons, a combustion chamber, a crankshaft of a crank-and-connecting mechanism and a gas distribution mechanism (piRz:/иКкК m/ikiredia.ogu/miki/ Piston internal combustion engine).

However, the design of such engines has the following disadvantages: - the engine cannot work efficiently on different types and brands of fuel; - the engine has a fixed compression ratio in the combustion chamber, since it is difficult to organize a variable compression ratio in such an engine scheme; - the combustion chamber has an imperfect shape, and this leads to the fact that the fuel mixture is not always evenly mixed and does not burn completely; - there is not enough space in the cylinder head for effective placement of direct injection nozzles, glow plugs, sensors: - in order to put more than one spark plug, there is not enough space in the cylinder head, and one ignition spark is far enough away from the edge of the combustion chamber; - in the engine, the filling of the cylinder with air at high speeds is poor, because the passage section of the valves is small, and the increase in air mass per unit of time is achieved due to a rather expensive increase in the number of valves with a complicated design; - exhaust gases are not completely squeezed out by the piston, and the combustion chamber remains with part of the exhaust gases; - the high resistance of exhaust gases at high revolutions and the improvement of exhaust gas emissions are tried to be achieved by increasing the number of exhaust valves with

With the complication of the design; - if the valves and piston move out of sync (for example, if the camshaft belt breaks), the engine breaks down.

The basis of this invention is the task of increasing efficiency due to the use of different types of fuel, the use of a variable compression ratio, reducing the air intake resistance and directing the required air movement and its optimal speed, reducing the exhaust gas exhaust resistance, igniting the gasoline mixture in different places of the combustion chamber, using various mixtures (bulk, film, combined).

The problem is solved by the fact that in an internal combustion engine, which contains a combustion chamber, a cylinder block, in which each cylinder includes a piston connected to the crankshaft of the crank mechanism, and a gas distribution mechanism with sequentially located shut-off and gas distribution valves and a head, which serves as a stop for the valves, as well as air supply channels and exhaust gas discharge channels, according to the invention, the head is placed above the cylinder with a gap and is rigidly connected to the crankcase of the cylinder block, while the head is made in one piece with a conical closing element made with the possibility of articulation with a shut-off valve, which is made in the form of a cylindrical bushing installed from the outer part of the cylinder, and sealed with the help of compression seals relative to the outer surface of the cylinder, while in the peripheral part of the bushing there is a through conical hole with chamfers for articulation with the conical part of the head, and coax with conic m the closing element of the head is equipped with a gas distribution valve with a through conical hole with chamfers, made with the possibility of articulation with the conical closing element of the head, while the head has abutting surfaces for the closing and gas distribution valves.

In an internal combustion engine, air supply channels can be made from the outside of the gas distribution valve, and exhaust gas discharge channels can be made from the inside of the gas distribution valve.

In an internal combustion engine, the air supply channels can be made from the inside of the gas distribution valve, and the exhaust gas discharge channels can be made from the outside of the gas distribution valve.

In an internal combustion engine, the air supply and exhaust gas channels can be made outside the head.

In an internal combustion engine, injectors, spark plugs, glow plugs, and sensors can be located in the head.

In an internal combustion engine, compression seals can be installed between the inner part of the moving element of the shut-off valve and the outer part of the cylinder.

In an internal combustion engine, a groove can be made on the upper outer part of the cylinder liner, in which a compression seal articulated with a shut-off valve is installed.

The internal combustion engine can be additionally equipped with a housing for compression sealing, hermetically seated on the end of the cylinder liner.

In an internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber can be made with a shape close to toroidal and located above the cylinder.

In an internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber can be formed by the two sides of the shut-off valve, the section of the cylinder head, the upper side of the piston and the upper end of the sleeve.

In an internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber can be formed by the two sides of the shut-off valve, the cylinder head area, the upper side of the piston and the compression seal housing.

In an internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber can be made with at least two spark plugs.

In an internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber can be made with at least two fuel supply nozzles.

In an internal combustion engine, a guide device can be installed at the air inlet to the cylinder.

In an internal combustion engine, the shut-off and gas distribution valves can be made with a diameter larger than the diameter of the piston.

The internal combustion engine can be additionally equipped with a mechanism for moving the cylinder relative to the crankcase.

In an internal combustion engine, the valve drive can be electro-hydropneumatic with electronic control and free-running valves.

In an internal combustion engine, the valve drive can be mechanical.

The specified implementation of the internal combustion engine has the following advantages: - the engine can work on different fuels alternately and on different fuels simultaneously, since the combustion chamber allows for the placement of several nozzles; - the engine allows you to change the compression of the working mixture in the desired range, while changing the volume of the combustion chamber (changing the degree of compression) is carried out by the movement of the cylinder (closer to or further from the cylinder head); - in a toroidal-shaped combustion chamber, air moves in a circle of a larger diameter with optimal speed and rotation, while the cross-section for air here is geometrically larger and the air moves with less resistance; - in the engine, it is possible to ignite the working mixture of air with gasoline (gas, alcohol) more efficiently in different places with several spark plugs; - in the engine, when supplying fuel, you can use several nozzles with different pressure, activation time, different diameter of the nozzle opening, different angle of inclination of the torch for optimal mixture formation (bulk, film, combined); - in the engine, injection can be carried out both into the cylinder (on the filling stroke) and directly into the combustion chamber, and it is possible to combine both types of injection, which allows you to obtain a better working mixture of air and fuel and achieve more complete combustion of fuel; - in the engine, exhaust gases leave the cylinder with less resistance, because the passage section has large geometric dimensions; - in the engine, the piston squeezes out almost 10095 exhaust gases on the exhaust, because the gap between the cylinder head and the piston is minimal (thermal); - in a fresh charge of the working mixture, the mass of air is greater (there are no remaining exhaust gases not squeezed out by the piston from the combustion chamber on the exhaust stroke); - in the engine, the cylinder and head can be cooled to different temperatures by various systems and methods, in particular, the cylinder can be cooled to a temperature optimal for engine oil, and the cylinder head can be cooled to a higher temperature or not at all (using refractory materials); - with such an engine scheme, it will be easier to achieve stable operation of the engine on gasoline with 60 ignition of a homogeneous combustible mixture from compression;

- with such a scheme, you can use water injection into the combustion chamber; - with such an engine scheme, the piston cannot meet the valve (if the belt breaks), because the engine is free-running (non-interfering); - with such an engine scheme, an electro-hydropneumatic valve drive can be used, and the drive control can be performed electronically (free-running valves), which solves a large number of problems, and it is also possible to add the 5th and 6th strokes of the engine to inject a portion of water into the overheated combustion chamber. This effectively disposes of heat and adds another working stroke of the piston; - with such an engine scheme with freely operating valves, it is possible to adjust the amount of air supplied to the cylinder, the duration of supply and the size of the gap between the cylinder head and valves.

The claimed design of the internal combustion engine is explained by drawings and diagrams, where: in Fig. 1 shows the diagram of the engine; in Fig. 2 - head with valves above the cylinder; in Fig. C - a head with a nozzle in the mount (side view); in Fig. 4 - head in mounting (top view); in Fig. 5 - the scheme of operation of the internal combustion engine with air supply channels from the outside of the gas distribution valve and exhaust gas discharge channels from the inside of the gas distribution valve, 1 stroke - intake; in Fig. b - scheme of internal combustion engine operation with air supply channels from the outside of the gas distribution valve and exhaust gas discharge channels from the inside of the gas distribution valve, 2 stroke - compression in Fig. 7 - scheme of internal combustion engine operation with air supply channels from the outside of the gas distribution valve and exhaust gas discharge channels from the inside of the gas distribution valve, TDC (top dead center); in Fig. 8 - scheme of internal combustion engine operation with air supply channels from the outside of the gas distribution valve and exhaust gas discharge channels from the inside of the gas distribution valve, C stroke - working stroke; in Fig. 9 - scheme of internal combustion engine operation with air supply channels from the outside

From the gas distribution valve and through the exhaust gas discharge channels from the inside of the gas distribution valve, 4 stroke - exhaust; in Fig. 10 - scheme of operation of the internal combustion engine with air supply channels from the inside of the gas distribution valve and channels for exhaust gases from the outside of the gas distribution valve, 1 cycle - intake; in Fig. 11 - scheme of operation of the internal combustion engine with air supply channels from the inside of the gas distribution valve and exhaust gas discharge channels from the outside of the gas distribution valve, 2 stroke - compression; in Fig. 12 - scheme of internal combustion engine operation with air supply channels from the inside of the gas distribution valve and exhaust gas discharge channels from the outside of the gas distribution valve, TDC (top dead center); in Fig. 13 - scheme of operation of an internal combustion engine with air supply channels from the inside of the gas distribution valve and exhaust gas discharge channels from the outside of the gas distribution valve, C stroke - working stroke; in Fig. 14 - scheme of operation of the internal combustion engine with air supply channels from the inside of the gas distribution valve and exhaust gas discharge channels from the outside of the gas distribution valve, 4 stroke - exhaust.

List of markings on the drawings: 1 - head; 2 - cylinder;

C - piston; 4 - crankshaft; 5 - connecting rod; 6 - fastening of the head; 7 - shut-off valve; 8 - gas distribution valve; 9 - combustion chamber; 10 - pin; 11 - crankcase; 12 - conical locking element; bo 13 - the gap between the head and the cylinder;

14 - compression seal; 15 - through conical hole in the shut-off valve; 16 - through conical hole in the gas distribution valve; 17 - thrust surfaces for shut-off and gas distribution valves; 18 - air supply channels; 19 - exhaust gas discharge channels; 20 - fuel supply nozzle; 21 - groove in the cylinder sleeve; 22 - place for injectors, spark plugs, glow plugs; 23 - a hole with a thread for attaching a rocker arm for injectors; 24 - hole for air passage or valve drive; 25 - hole for pins; 26 - sensors; 27 - washer for the nozzle; 28 - cylinder movement mechanism; 29 - heat-conducting body.

The internal combustion engine contains a combustion chamber 9, a cylinder block 2, in which each cylinder 2 includes a piston 3 connected to a crankshaft 4 with sequentially located shut-off 7 and gas distribution 8 valves and a head 1, which serves as a stop for the valves, as well as channels 18 air supply and channels 19 exhaust gas removal. At the same time, the head 1 is placed above the cylinder 2 with a gap 13 and is rigidly connected to the crankcase 11 of the cylinder block 2. and the head 1 is made in one piece with a conical closing element 12, made with the possibility of articulation with a closing valve 7, which is made in the form of a cylindrical sleeve installed from the outer part of the cylinder 2, and is sealed with the help of compression seals 14 relative to the outer surface of the cylinder 2. At the same time, in the peripheral part of the sleeve, a through conical opening 15 with chamfers is made for articulation with the conical closing element 12 of the head 1, and coaxially with the conical closing the element 12 of the head 1 is equipped with a gas distribution valve 8 with a through conical opening 16 with chamfers, made with the possibility of articulation with the conical closing element 12 of the head 1, while the head 1 has

From the abutment surface 17 for the shut-off 7 and gas distribution 8 valves.

In an internal combustion engine, the air supply channels 18 can be made from the outside of the gas distribution valve 8, and the exhaust gas discharge channels 19 can be made from the inside of the gas distribution valve 8.

In an internal combustion engine, the air supply channels 18 can be made from the inside of the gas distribution valve 8, and the exhaust gas discharge channels 19 can be made from the outside of the gas distribution valve 8.

In an internal combustion engine, air supply channels 18 and exhaust gas exhaust channels 19 can be made outside the head 1.

In an internal combustion engine, nozzles 20, spark plugs, glow plugs, sensors 26 can be placed in the head 1.

In an internal combustion engine, compression seals 14 can be installed between the inner part of the movable element of the shut-off valve 7 and the outer part of the cylinder 2.

In an internal combustion engine, a groove 21 can be made on the upper outer part of the cylinder sleeve 2, in which the compression seal 14 is installed.

The internal combustion engine can be additionally equipped with a housing for a compression seal 14, hermetically seated on the end of the cylinder sleeve.

In an internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber 9 can be made with a shape close to toroidal and located above the cylinder 2.

In an internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber 9 can be formed by two sides of the shut-off valve 7, the head section 1, the upper side of the piston C, and the upper end of the cylinder liner 2.

In an internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber 9 can be formed by two sides of the shut-off valve 7, the head section 1, the upper side of the piston C and the compression seal housing.

In an internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber 9 can be made with at least two spark plugs.

In the internal combustion engine 9, the combustion chamber can be made with at least two fuel supply nozzles 20.

The internal combustion engine is additionally equipped with a mechanism for moving 28 cylinders 2 relative to the crankcase 11.

In an internal combustion engine, the valve drive 7, 8 can be electro-hydropneumatic with electronic control (not shown).

In an internal combustion engine, the valve drive can be mechanical.

In an internal combustion engine, the shut-off 7 and gas distribution 8 valves can be made with a diameter greater than the diameter of the piston 3.

The operation of an internal combustion engine with air supply channels from the outside of the gas distribution valve and exhaust gas discharge channels from the inside of the gas distribution valve is carried out as follows. 1 Stroke Intake

Piston Z moves in cylinder 2 from head 1 to crankshaft 4.

Through the gap between the head 1 and the shut-off valve 7, air passes into the cylinder 2 under the influence of atmospheric pressure or with additional boost from the compressor. The air contains oxygen, which is necessary for the combustion of hydrocarbons. When piston C reaches TDC (bottom dead center), the volume of cylinder 2 is maximum and the mass of air in cylinder 2 is the largest. At this moment, the volume of the cylinder 2 is closed from the atmosphere by the shut-off valve 7. There is no longer a gap, and a closed space filled with air is formed in cylinder 2. 2 Stroke Compression

Piston Z moves from TDC to head 1. The space in cylinder 2 is closed. The volume of cylinder 2 begins to decrease. Air is compressed and heated. At TDC, the gap between piston 3 and head 1 is minimal and all the compressed air is forced into the combustion chamber 9.

With the Burn Cycle. Expansion. Working stroke of the piston.

The air is compressed and is in the combustion chamber 9. At TDC, fuel is injected from the nozzles 20 located in the head 1, sprayed by a vortex of air, partially hits the hot walls of the combustion chamber 9 and evaporates, is ignited by hot air (diesel) or sparks (gasoline and gas) and burns. When hydrocarbons are burned in air (oxygen), heat is released and gas pressure increases. The gases press on all the parts that make up the volume of the cylinder 2, but only the piston 3 is mobile, which presses on the finger and through the connecting rod 5 rotates the crankshaft 4. The piston reaches TDC, performing useful work. 4 Beat Release

Z Piston Z is in NMT. Gas pressure is still high. At this moment, the shut-off valve 7 and the gas distribution valve 8 open (leave from the head 1). Exhaust gases under the influence of excess pressure flow into the atmosphere (through the turbine and muffler) into the gap formed. By inertia, the flywheel moves (through the crankshaft 4 and the connecting rod 5) the piston C to the head 1. The volume of the cylinder 2 decreases, and the gases remaining without excess pressure are displaced from the cylinder 2 by the piston 3 completely (since the gap between the piston C and the head 1 is minimal ). IN

TDC valve 8 closes and the engine is ready for 1 stroke again.

The operation of an internal combustion engine with air supply channels from the inside of the gas distribution valve 8 and channels for exhaust gases from the outside of the gas distribution valve 8 is carried out as follows: 1 Stroke Intake

Piston Z moves in cylinder 2 from head 1 to crankshaft 4. Through the open gas distribution valve 8 and shut-off valve 7, air passes into cylinder 2 under the influence of atmospheric pressure or with additional boost from the compressor. The air contains oxygen, which is necessary for the combustion of hydrocarbons. When piston C reaches TDC, the volume of cylinder 2 is maximum and the mass of air in cylinder 2 is greatest. At this moment, the volume of cylinder 2 is closed from the atmosphere by valves 7, 8. The gas distribution valve 8 and the shut-off valve 7 are tightly pressed against the head 1. There is no more clearance, and a closed space filled with air is formed in cylinder 2. 2 Stroke Compression

Piston Z moves from TDC to head 1. The space in cylinder 2 is closed. The volume of cylinder 2 begins to decrease. Air is compressed and heated. At TDC, the gap between piston 3 and head 1 is minimal, and all the compressed air is forced into the combustion chamber 9.

With the Burn Cycle. Expansion. Work progress.

The air is compressed and is in the combustion chamber 9. At TDC, fuel is injected from the nozzles 20 located in the head 1, sprayed by a vortex of air, partially hits the hot walls of the combustion chamber 9 and evaporates, is ignited by hot air (diesel) or sparks (gasoline and gas) and burns. When hydrocarbons are burned in air (oxygen), heat is released and gas pressure increases. The gases press on all the parts that make up the volume of the cylinder 2, but only the piston 3 is mobile, which presses on the finger and through the connecting rod 5 rotates the crankshaft 60. Piston C reaches TDC, doing useful work.

4 Beat Release.

Piston C is at TDC. Gas pressure is still high. At this moment, shut-off valve 7 opens (moves away from head 1). Exhaust gases under the influence of excess pressure flow into the atmosphere (through the turbine and muffler) into the gap formed. By inertia, the flywheel moves (through the crankshaft 4 and the connecting rod 5) the piston C to the head 1. The volume of the cylinder 2 decreases, and the gases remaining without excess pressure are displaced from the cylinder 2 by the piston C completely (since the gap between the piston C and the head 1 is minimal ). At TDC, the gas distribution valve 8 opens and the engine is ready for 1 stroke (the air passage opens and the exhaust passage closes).

The head 1 is placed above the cylinder 2 with a gap 13 and its conical closing element 12 enters the cylinder 2. The head 1 is attached to the crankcase 11 of the engine with pins 10 through the attachment 6 of the head, which is a focus on the acting head 1 of the pressure force of the expanding working gases.

In the declared design, the head 1 is: - a stop for the gas distribution 8 and shut-off valve 7; - a place for placing nozzles 20, glow plugs, spark plugs, sensors 26. - a part of the combustion chamber 9; - a capacity for a heat-conducting body 29.

At the same time, communications are suitable for head 1: - fuel (various hydrocarbons); - electricity (for operation of injectors 20, spark plugs, glow plugs, sensors 26); - heat-conducting body 29 (cooling).

Communications depart from head 1: - fuel (return); - heat-conducting body 29 (cooling).

In this design of the internal combustion engine, the efficiency of the internal combustion engine is increased due to the fact that: - the engine is able to work on the Otto cycle and on the Diesel cycle (ignition from a spark and from hot

From the air) and use several types of fuel (gasoline, alcohol, gas, diesel fuel); - in different engine operating modes, a different degree of compression is required for maximum efficiency, increased specific indicators and reliability. - an increase in the compression ratio in the mode of partial loads results in a decrease in specific fuel consumption: - in the full power mode, detonation can be avoided due to a reduction in the compression ratio; - Increase power with the help of air charging, without fear of exceeding the maximum combustion pressure; - the optimal degree of compression for a specific mode of operation reduces the stiffness of the engine and the wear of its parts; - with the help of smooth adjustment of the degree of compression, it is possible to achieve self-ignition of the gasoline-air mixture from compression at TDC; - the combustion chamber 9 has a shape close to toroidal, suitable for the combustion of the mixture, and fuel injection is carried out both during the intake phase into the cylinder 2 and into the combustion chamber 9 when the piston C approaches the top dead center, while the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 9 against the movement of air, behind the movement of air, on the wall of the shut-off valve 7, with a narrow or wide flame of fuel (injectors are different, and each is configured individually); - for each mode, it is possible to choose the optimal mixture mixing; - the air before cylinder 2 is swirled diametrically by the guides, and at the same time there is an opportunity to make them adjustable: - during compression, the fuel mixture is all pushed into the combustion chamber 9 and is additionally swirled radially; - the cross-section of valves 7, 8 is maximally possible; - the fuel mixture is ignited by more than one spark plug (Otto cycle); - exhaust gases are completely removed from cylinder 2, since the piston C is close to the head 1; - the maximum cross-section for outgoing gases; - piston C and valves 7, 8 do not intersect during non-synchronous movement. because (c;

Claims (16)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. An internal combustion engine containing a combustion chamber, a block of cylinders, in which each cylinder includes a piston connected to the crankshaft of the crank mechanism, and a gas distribution mechanism with successively located shut-off and gas distribution valves and a cylinder head that serves as a stop for valves, as well as air supply channels and exhaust gas discharge channels, which is characterized by the fact that the head is placed above the cylinder with a gap and is rigidly connected to the crankcase of the cylinder block, while the head is made in one piece with a conical closing element made with the possibility of articulation with a shut-off valve, which is made in the form of a cylindrical bushing installed from the outer part of the cylinder, and sealed with the help of compression seals against the outer surface of the cylinder, while in the peripheral part of the bushing, a conical through-hole with chamfers is made for articulation with the conical part of the cylinder head, and co-axially with a conical locking el a gas distribution valve with a through conical opening with chamfers, made with the possibility of articulation with a conical closing element of the head, is installed in the head, while the head has abutting surfaces for the closing and gas distribution valves. 2. The engine according to claim 1, which differs in that the air supply channels are made from the outside of the gas distribution valve, and the exhaust gas discharge channels are made from the inside of the gas distribution valve. 3. The engine according to claim 1, which differs in that the air supply channels are made from the inside of the gas distribution valve, and the exhaust gas discharge channels are made from the outside of the gas distribution valve. 4. The engine according to claim 1, which differs in that the nozzles, spark plugs, glow plugs, and sensors are placed in the head. 5. The engine according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that compression seals are installed between the inner part of the movable element of the shut-off valve and the outer part of the cylinder. 6. The engine according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that a groove is made on the upper outer part of the cylinder sleeve, in which a compression seal articulated with a shut-off valve is installed. 7. The engine according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that it is additionally provided with a housing for compression sealing, hermetically seated on the end of the cylinder sleeve. 8. The engine according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the combustion chamber has a shape close to toroidal and is located above the cylinder. 9. The engine according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the combustion chamber is formed by two sides of the shut-off valve, the head section, the upper side of the piston and the upper end of the sleeve. 10. The engine according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the combustion chamber is formed by two sides of the shut-off valve, the head section, the upper side of the piston and the compression seal housing. 11. The engine according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the combustion chamber is made with at least two spark plugs. 12. The engine according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the combustion chamber is made with at least two fuel supply nozzles. 13. The engine according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that it is additionally equipped with a mechanism for moving the cylinder sleeve relative to the crankcase. 14. The engine according to claim 1, which differs in that the valve drive is electro-hydropneumatic with electronic control and freely operating valves. 15. 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