UA119832C2 - TOROIDAL UNIVERSAL MECHANISM (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, specifically to a mechanism for converting the energy of compressed gases into mechanical and electrical energy, which can be used as a compressor, as a motor and as an electric generator. The toroidal universal mechanism according to variant I comprises a hollow toroidal piston unit fixed on the frame, made of two interconnected parts, an annular piston located inside the hollow toroidal piston unit resting on the sleeves, working chambers located between the inner body. piston and annular piston, the flywheel located above the hollow toroidal block of the piston, balanced between the outer magnets mounted on the flywheel, and the inner magnets mounted on the annular piston. The annular piston is made of grooves, each of which has two interconnected compression half-rings, and the sleeves are made of gas supply and exhaust channels. A compression spring is installed at the joint of the compression half-rings. The toroidal universal mechanism according to option II differs in that it contains a winding located on a hollow toroidal piston unit, made in the form of three sectors, an adaptation relay and a current distribution system. The winding of each sector is connected to a corresponding adaptation relay, each of which is connected to a current distribution system. In addition, in the mechanism according to I and II variants, each compression half-ring is made in such a way that one end of it has a spike, and the other end is a groove. The proposed mechanism is much simpler, by reducing the number of parts, it has smaller dimensions and weight.

Description

The invention belongs to the field of mechanical engineering, specifically to a mechanism for converting the energy of compressed gases into mechanical and electrical energy, which can be used as a compressor, as an engine and as an electric generator.

A mechanism for pumping liquid and gas is known, which contains a housing with inlet and outlet channels of the working medium, a rotor with a bypass channel installed coaxially in the housing, a suction-compression chamber formed by the inner surface of the rotor and the outer surface of the shaft, the axis of which is shifted relative to the axis of the rotor. and a separating plate, which is installed in the groove of the shaft with the possibility of reciprocating movement and which is hinged to the inner surface of the rotor. The body has an annular channel with the length from the inlet to the outlet channel, connected to the bypass channel of the rotor, and the outlet channel is connected to the annular channel and is located in front of the contact line of the rotor and the shaft along the course of rotation (see Ukrainian patent for the invention No. 62292).

A rotary compressor is known under Ukrainian patent Mo 913.

The rotary compressor contains a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles, profiled rotors installed on parallel shafts with the formation of working chambers in the housing, and a separating element placed in the inlet nozzle. The dividing element is made in the form of a truncated ellipsoid, the cross-sectional plane of which faces the rotors and coincides with the plane passing through the inner edge of the inlet nozzle, while the cross-sectional plane is offset from the major axis of the ellipsoid by the amount PI, which is determined from the following ratio: n-O AB, where NP is the distance from the cross-sectional plane of the ellipsoid to its major axis.

AB is the major axis of the ellipsoid.

A rotary hinge-plate mechanism is also known, made in two versions (see patent of Ukraine for the invention No. 46680).

In the first version, the rotary hinge-plate mechanism contains a housing, inlet and outlet channels, a rotor installed coaxially in the housing, a working chamber formed by the inner surface of the rotor and the outer surface of the shaft, the axis of which is offset relative to the axis of the rotor, as well as a distribution plate installed in a groove shaft with the possibility of reciprocating movement and hinged on the rotor. The intake and exhaust channels are made in the body

From the shaft and connected to the working chamber along the groove of the distribution plate and located on different sides of the groove opposite the hinge.

The rotary hinge-plate mechanism according to the second variant includes a housing in the body of which an outlet channel is made, a rotor in the body of which a bypass channel is made, while the rotor is installed coaxially in the housing, an inlet channel, a working chamber formed by the inner surface of the rotor and the outer surface of the shaft, the axis of which is shifted relative to the axis of the rotor, as well as the distribution plate installed in the groove of the shaft with the possibility of reciprocating movement and hinged on the rotor. The mechanism is equipped with an additional bypass channel made in the housing body, and the intake channel is made in the shaft body, and the intake channel is connected to the working chamber and is located opposite the bypass channel in the rotor body, in addition, the bypass channel in the rotor body and the intake channel are located with opposite sides of the distribution plate.

A mechanism that can be used as an engine or compressor is described on the Internet, which is a removable cavity of toroidal shape, in which there is a disk (rotor), the diameter of which is equal to the largest diameter of the torus, and its thickness is equal to half of the smallest diameter of the torus. The disk is located as if diagonally relative to the "side view" torus projection. In the diametrically opposite recesses of the disk, there are two bodies that perform the functions of pistons that move when the disk rotates inside the torus, similar to a piston in a cylinder. From the central part in the body of the disk to each notch, there are two channels, ending with windows near the pistons. If you use this mechanism as

D.V.3., the supply and removal of the gaseous working substance is carried out through these channels.

This mechanism is proposed to be used also in the design of a vacuum cleaner to create a vacuum (see porz://stozha.pati.gy/Laeavz/amida!e!yi/ togoidaIpuu. teKpapigt/?5rnigaze ia-1764RASEM 2-2).

However, the described design is not a specific technical solution to one of the problems, but the idea of using a toroidal cavity. Therefore, both the technical solutions listed above and the idea presented on the Internet cannot be selected as a prototype due to the fact that the mechanisms according to MoMo patents 913, 46680, 62292 and other known mechanisms of a similar purpose solve the problem by a constructively different principle, and the proposal presented on the Internet , does not solve the problem at all and is essentially an idea.

The invention is based on the task of creating a fundamentally new design of a toroidal universal mechanism for converting the energy of compressed gases into mechanical and electrical energy, which will ensure increased efficiency (due to the absence of reciprocating motion and increased revolutions and reduced frictional parts), simplification due to the reduction of the number of parts, reduction dimensions and weight of the mechanism.

In addition, when using the claimed mechanism as an engine, there is an opportunity to use the gas pressure repeatedly.

The task is solved by two versions of the toroidal universal mechanism.

In the FIRST variant, the task is solved in a toroidal universal mechanism containing a hollow toroidal piston block fixed on the frame, made of two interconnected parts; a ring-shaped piston located inside a hollow toroidal piston block, which rests on bushings; working chambers located between the inner surface of the hollow toroidal piston block and the annular piston; flywheel located above the hollow toroidal block of the piston; balanced external and internal magnets. The outer magnets are attached to the flywheel, and the inner magnets are attached to the annular piston. At the same time, grooves are made in the ring-shaped piston, in each of which there are two interconnected compression half-rings, and in the bushings there are gas inlet and outlet channels, and a compression spring is installed at the junction of the compression half-rings.

In the second version, the task is solved in a toroidal universal mechanism, which contains a hollow toroidal piston block fixed on a frame, made of two interconnected parts, a winding located on a hollow toroidal piston block, made in the form of three sectors, an adaptation relay, a distribution system of current, an annular piston located inside a hollow toroidal piston block that rests on bushings, working chambers located between the inner surface of a hollow toroidal piston block and an annular piston, a flywheel located above a hollow toroidal piston block, balanced external magnets fixed on the flywheel and internal magnets fixed on the ring-shaped piston, while the winding of each sector is connected to the corresponding adaptation relay, each of which is connected to the current distribution system, grooves are made in the ring-shaped piston, in each of which there are two interconnected compression p and rings, and gas inlet and outlet channels are made in the bushings, and a compression spring is installed at the junction of the compression half-rings.

In addition, in the toroidal universal mechanism, both according to the first and second options, each compression half-ring is made in such a way that one end of it has a spike, and the other end has a groove.

The toroidal universal mechanism is shown in the drawings, where: Fig. 1 - cross-sectional view of the mechanism (option 1); Fig. 2 - view of the mechanism in a longitudinal section (option 1); Fig. 3 - a view of the mechanism with an oil supply fitting (options 1, 2); Fig. 4 - view of the mechanism in a longitudinal section: the compression half-rings are in the compressed and expanded position (options 1, 2); Fig. 5 - view "B" in figure 4 (options 1 and 2); Fig. 6 - view of compression half-rings (options 1 and 2); Fig. 7 - a view of the mechanism with a nozzle for supplying compressed gases (options 1, 2); fig. 8 - a view of the mechanism with a gas outlet (options 1 and 2); Fig. 9 - a view of the groove with compression half-rings and a compression spring (options 1 and 2); fig. 10 - scheme of using the mechanism as an engine (options 1, 2); Fig. 11 - cross-sectional view of the mechanism (option 2); fig. 12 - a view of the mechanism used as an electric generator (option 2).

The toroidal universal mechanism according to the FIRST variant contains a frame 1, on which a hollow toroidal piston block 2 is fixed.

The hollow toroidal block of the piston 2 consists of two parts: the lower C and the upper 4, connected to each other by a connecting element 5.

Inside the hollow toroidal block of the piston 2, there is an annular piston 6, which has the shape of a torus and which rests on three bushings 7. In the annular piston, six grooves 8 (Fig. 96) are made along its circumference, in which compression half-rings 9 are located (Fig. 5c , For). In each groove 8 there are two compression half-rings 9, and there are twelve compression half-rings in total. Each compression half-ring 9 is made in such a way that one end of it has the shape of a spike 10 (Fig. 6, view B), and the other end has the shape of a groove 11 (Fig. b, view A).

The compression half-rings 9 are installed in the groove 8 in such a way that the spike 10 of one compression half-ring 9 fits into the groove 11 of the other compression half-ring 9. At the joints of the compression half-rings 9, there is a spring 12 that compresses the compression half-rings 9.

In the bushings 7, supply channels 13 (Fig. 7), channels for gas discharge 14 (Fig. 8), oil supply fitting 15 (Fig. 3) are made. External magnets 16 are located above the hollow toroidal piston block 2 on the flywheel 19. Internal magnets 17 are located inside the hollow toroidal piston block 2 on the annular piston 6. The external 16 and internal 17 magnets are balanced with each other. To ensure the rotation of the flywheel 19, a bearing 18 is installed between the flywheel 19 and the hollow toroidal block of the piston 2. Between the hollow toroidal block of the piston 2 and the ring-shaped piston 6, working chambers 20 (three chambers) are placed.

To explain the operation of the mechanism in engine mode in fig. 10 shows the compressed gas supply tank 21, the gas outlet tank 22, the transfer valve 23 and the mechanism for converting the energy of compressed gases into mechanical energy 24.

The toroidal universal mechanism according to the SECOND variant (fig. 11, 12) differs from the mechanism according to the first variant in that the winding 25 is mounted on the hollow toroidal block of the piston 2, which is made in the form of three sectors: conditionally the first sector 26, conditionally the second sector 27, conditionally third sector 28.

The winding 25 of each sector 26, 27 and 28 is connected to the corresponding relay 29, each of which is connected to the system 30 for distributing electric current between consumers.

The toroidal universal mechanism according to the FIRST option can work as a compressor and as an engine.

Operation of the mechanism as a compressor.

The flywheel 19, receiving rotational motion from the external drive, transmits it with the help of balanced external 16 and internal 17 magnets to the ring-shaped piston 6, which is located inside the hollow toroidal block of the piston 2. The ring-shaped piston 6 is held in a certain position by means of bushings 7. Bushings 7, holding ring-shaped piston 6 in a certain position, create a space between the hollow toroidal piston block 2 and the ring-shaped piston 6 - working chambers 20. On the ring-shaped piston 6, cut

There are six grooves 8 into which twelve compression half-rings 9 are inserted. When passing through the bushings 7, the compression half-rings 9 are compressed, after passing through the bushings 7 they are unzipped under the influence of the spring 12, performing the function of circular blades. On each of the compression half-rings 9 to create tightness, there is a spike 10 on one side and a groove 11 on the other side, which allows not to lose tightness when the diameter of the compression half-rings 9 changes. When the ring-shaped piston 6 rotates, the compression half-rings 9 draw in gases through the gas supply channels 13 and push them out them through gas discharge channels 14.

Using the mechanism as an engine.

Compressed gases from the supply tank 21 (Fig. 10) through the gas supply channels (Fig. 7) 13, which are located in the bushings 7, enter the working chambers 20. In the working chambers 20, the gases pressurize the circular blades. Circular blades are compressed compression half-rings 9, which are compressed due to the operation of the spring 12.

The compression half-rings 9 are located in the grooves 8. Each of the compression half-rings 9 has a spike 10 on one side and a groove 11 on the other.

This design allows you to change the diameter without losing tightness. Grooves 8 (six grooves) are cut in the ring-shaped piston b, which has the shape of a torus.

The annular piston 6 is inside the hollow toroidal block of the piston 2, which has the shape of a hollow torus.

The ring-shaped piston 6 is held in a certain position by the bushings 7. Due to the bushings 7, a working chamber 20 is created between the ring-shaped piston 6 and the hollow toroidal block of the piston 2.

The gases, having passed through the working chambers 20, push the open compression semi-rings 9 and exit through the gas discharge channels 14 located in the bushings 7, causing the annular piston 6 to rotate inside the hollow toroidal block of the piston 2.

When passing through the bushings 7, the compression half-rings 9 are compressed and hidden in the grooves 8.

After passing through the bushings 7, the compression half-rings U are expanded due to the operation of the spring 12.

Internal magnets 17 are located inside the ring-shaped piston, and external magnets 16 are located on the flywheel 19. Internal magnets 17 and external magnets 16 are balanced among themselves.

Gases, entering through the gas supply channels 13, which are located in the bushings 7 and passing through the working chambers 20, push the open compression half-rings 9, exit through the gas discharge channels 14 and enter the gas discharge tank 22 (Fig. 10). When a certain pressure is created in the gas removal tank 22, the transfer valve 23 is activated, which closes the compressed gas supply tank 21 and directs the gases from the gas removal tank 22 to the gas supply channels 13 of the mechanism for converting the energy of compressed gases into mechanical energy 24, allowing the pressure to be used repeatedly, after which the gases are released into the atmosphere.

The toroidal universal mechanism according to the SECOND variant can work as an electric generator, as well as an engine and an electric generator at the same time.

The operation of the mechanism as an electric generator with the help of compressed gases is carried out in the following order.

Compressed gases from the supply tank 21 (Fig. 10) through the gas supply channels 13 (Fig. 7), which are located in the bushings 7, enter the working chambers 20.

The gases, having passed through the working chambers 20, push the open compression semi-rings 9 and exit through the gas discharge channels 14 located in the bushings 7, causing the annular piston 6 to rotate inside the hollow toroidal block of the piston 2.

When passing through the bushings 7, the compression half-rings 9 are compressed and hidden in the grooves 8.

After passing through the bushings 7, the compression half-rings 9 are compressed due to the operation of the spring 12.

Inside the ring-shaped piston b are internal magnets (or ferromagnetic cores) 17, which under the action of compressed gases rotate together with the ring-shaped piston 6 inside the hollow toroidal block of the piston 2.

On the hollow toroidal block of the piston 2 (Fig. 12) in the areas of sectors 26, 27, 28, windings 25 are mounted. Internal magnets 17, for example, ferromagnetic cores (in this case three pcs.), when moving inside the windings 25, produce electrical energy, which passes through the relay 29 and enters the system 30 (Fig. 12), which distributes electric current between consumers.

The operation of the mechanism as an engine and electric generator is carried out simultaneously in the following order.

Compressed gases from the supply tank 21 (Fig. 10) through the gas supply channels (Fig. 7) 13, which are located in the bushings 7, enter the working chambers 20. In the working chambers 20, the gases press on

From the circular blades - compressed compression half-rings 9, which are compressed due to the operation of the spring 12.

The compression half-rings 9 are located in the grooves 8. Each of the compression half-rings 9 has a spike 10 on one side, and a groove 11 on the other.

This design allows you to change the diameter without losing tightness. Grooves 8 (six grooves in this example) are cut in the ring-shaped piston b, which has the shape of a torus.

The annular piston 6 is inside the hollow toroidal block of the piston 2, which has the shape of a hollow torus.

The ring-shaped piston 6 is held in a certain position by the bushings 7. Due to the bushings 7, a working chamber 20 is created between the ring-shaped piston 6 and the hollow toroidal block of the piston 2.

The gases, having passed through the working chambers 20, push the open compression semi-rings 9 and exit through the gas discharge channels 14 located in the bushings 7, causing the annular piston 6 to rotate inside the hollow toroidal block of the piston 2.

When passing through the bushings 7, the compression half-rings 9 are compressed and hidden in the grooves 8.

After passing through the bushings 7, the compression half-rings U are expanded due to the operation of the spring 12.

Inside the ring-shaped piston b are internal magnets 17, on the flywheel 19 there are external magnets 16. Internal magnets 17 and external magnets 16 are balanced among themselves and the torque is transmitted to the flywheel 19.

At the same time, the internal magnets 17, which are inside the ring-shaped piston 6, which is held by bushings 7 inside the toroidal piston block 2, passing through the windings 25, which are mounted on the toroidal piston block 2, in sectors 26, 27, 28 generate electricity, which after passing through the adaptation relay 29 enters the electricity consumption system.

Claims (4)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. Toroidal universal mechanism, which contains a hollow toroidal piston block fixed on a frame, made of two interconnected parts, a ring-shaped piston located inside a hollow toroidal piston block, which rests on bushings, working chambers located between the inner surface of the hollow body of a toroidal piston block and an annular piston, a flywheel located above a hollow toroidal piston block, external magnets fixed on the flywheel and internal magnets fixed on an annular piston are balanced against each other, while grooves are made in the annular piston, in each of which there are two compression half-rings connected to each other, and gas inlet and outlet channels are made in the bushings, while a compression spring is installed at the junction of the compression half-rings. 2. The mechanism according to claim 1, which differs in that each compression half-ring is made in such a way that one end of it has a spike, and the other end has a groove. C. Toroidal universal mechanism, which includes a hollow toroidal piston block fixed on a frame, made of two interconnected parts, a winding located on a hollow toroidal piston block, made in the form of three sectors, an adaptation relay, a current distribution system, an annular piston , located inside the hollow toroidal piston block, which rests on the bushings, the working chambers located between the inner surface of the hollow toroidal piston block and the annular piston, the flywheel located above the hollow toroidal piston block, the external magnets fixed on the flywheel, and the internal magnets , fixed on an annular piston, while the winding of each sector is connected to the corresponding adaptation relay, each of which is connected to the current distribution system, grooves are made in the annular piston, in each of which there are two interconnected compression half-rings, and in channels are made in the bushings and gas removal, while a compression spring is installed at the junction of the compression half-rings. 4. The mechanism according to claim 3, which differs in that each compression half-ring is made in such a way that one end of it has a spike, and the other end has a groove. i 4 I Bya i oi ; y Y I Y x Her S x Ki t: Where am I? s I 2. ge osi ra ZHK X How a ri ky Moy Z ere Z a, kozh V ivo r V ENN chi Ž i Se iy sk Ve M EE les ne uer forte etno reesonenetest en feoekei Buk o mur Mo And ssiiiiii oh yu I Sya na yu ! U i oii h o DY : I shk kozh I i rim mu i I b, M. b, Fig. 1