UA119130C2 - THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to the design and production of transformers, and can find application in all industries whose manufacturing processes are related to the production, operation and repair of transformers. Three-phase transformer, which contains primary and secondary windings in each phase and a spatial cylindrical magnetic system, characterized in that the magnetic system is formed by V-shaped sections of amorphous steel, the concentric arrangement of which forms a regular six-beam star with a striated star in the composition of the primary and secondary windings of the same phase, the bottom of the windings are held by the base, and at the top covered by a coating of the carrier base; vertically sections are separated by air cracks with seals of windings installed in them. The technical result of the invention is the increase of reactive power; the growth of the active powerful. The transformer without additional devices allows to smoothly regulate voltage under load in any range; has new properties: self-symmetrical stresses at asymmetrical loading and preserves their sinusoidality at any saturated steel. It has an autonomous system of protection of amorphous steel, it is made in dry execution.

Description

The invention belongs to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to the design and production of transformers, and can be used in all industries, the production processes of which are connected with the production, operation and repair of transformers.

Technical level.

A transformer is an electromagnetic device that has two or more inductively coupled windings and is designed to change the value of an alternating voltage (current). The magnetic flux, which inductively connects the windings, is closed along the magnetic circuit and is called the working flux. It is coupled to the turns of the windings, hence the name "flux coupling", and the change in flux coupling over time forms the E.M. or voltage. Therefore, it is important that the work flow is maximal. This can be achieved only if the reflection of the phenomenon of electromagnetism in the design of the transformer is completely appropriate, that is, it is necessary that the magnetic conductor (field) covers the windings (current). The only transformer whose windings are mostly covered by the magnetic system is an armored single-phase transformer. Therefore, the characteristics and properties of such a transformer are much better than others. The consequences of the distortion of the phenomenon of electromagnetism in the designs of modern transformers are the dissipation of energy into the surrounding space (dissipation flows), magnetic asymmetry of phases, a significant reduction of the working field, saturation of the flat magnetic wire and deterioration of the quality of electromagnetic energy (higher harmonics); attempts to strengthen the field by increasing currents lead to overheating of the windings, losses, aging of the insulation, the need to use a forced cooling system, increased costs, deterioration of ecology, etc.

The most promising way to reduce costs for the production and operation of power transformers is the use of magnetic conductors made of amorphous alloys. Technologies for manufacturing such magnetic conductors are disclosed, for example, in US patents Mo4789849, 4790064, 4893400, 5398402, 2398403, 5329270, 5347746, 5548887.

As the closest analogue of a transformer with a cylindrical magnet wire made of amorphous steel, we give the formula of patent RF 2241271: "1. The core of a transformer used in a power distribution transformer and having the required height, as well as, essentially, a cylindrical toroidal shape, filled in the form of a multilayer structure , wound around the central axis of the toroid, while each layer of the structure is formed from a predetermined number of magnetic tapes installed along the mentioned central axis with air gaps naturally present between every two adjacent tapes of the layer, the predetermined number of tapes is such that the sum of the widths of the mentioned tapes , in essence, is equal to the mentioned required height of the core, which is distinguished by the fact that the required number of n layers in the mentioned structure is determined by the magnetic properties of the tapes to satisfy the ratio paV rab/(Vnasisch-Vrab), where В ras is the working value of the magnetic induction, and Vkasysch is the meaning of us The reduction of magnetic induction, with a layer of displacements! in relation to each other at a predetermined distance in the direction along the mentioned central axis, and each of the air gaps in one layer is overlapped (n-1) by tapes of other structural layers. 2. The core of the transformer according to item 1, in which the mentioned magnetic tape! products from amorphous metals. 3. The core of the transformer according to item 2, in which the operating value of the magnetic induction and the value of the saturation of the magnetic induction of the amorphous tape are, in fact, about 1.35 T and 1.55 T, respectively, while the number of layers is at least 7. "

The main disadvantages of the prototype are: 1. The design provides for the placement of windings on the surface of the magnetic strip made of amorphous steel, which due to the flexibility of the design is subject to mechanical actions that lead to the deterioration of its magnetic properties. Neither W- nor O-shaped designs of magnetic conductors are unsuitable for creating an effective autonomous system for protecting amorphous steel from weight loads. 2. Coverage of the magnetic system by windings is equivalent to coverage by currents of the magnetic field that these currents create. Such a construction completely contradicts the phenomenon of electromagnetism, and violating the laws of nature always has negative consequences. The results of such distortion are: the appearance of scattering currents and a change in the shape of the field - the volumetric field became flat, therefore the field decreased, which is adequate for the reduction of the reactive power of the transformer.

The field is strengthened by magnetizing currents, that is, the windings are overloaded with currents, the result of which is an increase in copper losses and aging of the insulation. There is a need for a forced cooling system (tank, radiators, pumps, filters, oil, etc.). construction becomes more complicated, production, operation and repair costs increase, ecology deteriorates.

Transformers with a spatial magnetic system, which has the shape of a parallelepiped, prism, cylinder, completely eliminate the above problems, thanks to the compliance of the design (the windings are covered by a magnetic conductor) to the phenomenon of electromagnetism.

Patent for the invention of Ukraine Mo84746 offers a transformer with a spatial magnetic system of cylindrical shape, made of sheets of electrical steel. The disadvantages of this design are the technological complexity of implementation and significant losses in steel, which are 5-6 times higher than losses in amorphous steel.

The invention solves the problem of creating a three-phase transformer that has a spatial magnetic system of a cylindrical shape made of amorphous steel with the maximum possible inductive connection of the windings at a minimum magnetizing current, which will have minimal losses and new properties that are absent in modern transformers.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the magnetic system is formed by M-shaped sections of amorphous steel, the concentric arrangement of which forms a regular six-ray star of rods, on which the windings of the phases are placed as part of the primary and secondary windings of one phase, the windings are held by the base from below, and covered with a coating at the top supporting base; vertically, the sections are separated by air gaps with winding seals installed in them.

A three-phase transformer according to item 1 forms two three-phase transformers when its phases, shifted by 120, are connected in a "star" or "delta".

The essence of the invention and the principles of operation are explained by the drawing, on which the following designations are adopted: 1 - sections of amorphous steel; 2 - LV windings; C - HV windings; 4 - external seal; 5 - internal seal; b - covering of the bearing base; 7 - the base of the supporting base; 8 - cover; 9 - base; 10 - support; 11 - pin; 12 - belt; 13 - windings; 14 - rod; 15 - elongated yoke; 16 - shortened yoke.

The drawing shows a three-phase transformer with a spatial cylindrical magnetic core: a side view with a section along A-A and a top view (section B-B).

The spatial magnetic wire consists of M-shaped sections made of amorphous steel 1, which have rods 14, an elongated yoke 15 and a shortened yoke 16. The assembly of the magnetic wire begins with the installation of sections 1 on the base of the supporting base 7, which is part of the base 9. At the same time, it is necessary so that the shortened yokes 16 surround the support 10, then the rods 14 with loose

With elongated yokes, 15 will form a six-pointed star.

After the required number of sections 1 is set, internal seals 5 and external seals 4 are installed, thus forming an air gap between adjacent sections. Next, the necessary number of sections is increased along the height of the cylinder.

The next stage is the installation of the windings 13. The windings 13 are mounted on the beam-rod 14, each phase of which contains low voltage windings (LV) 2 and high voltage windings (HV) 3. Having fixed them on the magnetic conductors, elongated yokes 15 are loaded, which form the outer surface of the cylinder. Belts 12 are tightened along the perimeter of the section.

Cover the active part of the transformer, that is, sections of amorphous steel 1 and winding 13 with a coating of the supporting base b, cover 8 is placed on top and the base 9 and cover 8 are tightened with pins 11.

The principle of operation of the transformer is known from literary sources (for example, Ivanov-

Smolensky A.V. Electrical machines. In 2 volumes. Textbook for universities. - M.: Izd. Ministry of Health - 2004).

Technical results that can be achieved when implementing the invention: 1. Growth (at least twice) of the inductive connection of the windings, thanks to their almost complete coverage by the spatial magnetic conductor. The growth of the working field is adequate to the growth of the reactive power of the transformer. 2. Reduction of losses from scattering currents, which closed along the magnetic circuit and turned into a working field, as well as losses in steel, thanks to the use of amorphous alloys, equivalent to an increase in the active power of the transformer. 3. A decrease of 40-50% in the idle current consumed by the transformer during the entire period of operation is caused by the increase in the working field. 4. Connection in a "star" or "triangle" of windings located on rods with a spatial angle of 1207 forms two transformers. Their serial connection solves the problem of smoothly adjusting the voltage of the transformer under load in any range.

Their parallel operation can be used when the load increases, for which one of them was switched on. The serial connection of windings offset by 120" forms a three-phase transformer of total power. 5. New properties are due to the spatial magnetic system and are absent in modern transformers of any design:

a) independent symmetrization of secondary phase voltages when the transformer is operating on an asymmetrical load (property of the voltage stabilizer);

p) preservation of sinusoidal voltages, that is, the quality of electricity at any saturated steel (property of the energy quality controller).

6. Such transformers of any power are manufactured in a dry version due to the absence of overloading of windings with currents and reduction of losses.

7. The spatial magnetic conductor simplified the solution to the problem of protecting amorphous steel from weight loads.

The load-bearing base, which includes the support, base, coating and seals, protects the amorphous steel from weight and loads caused by abnormal operation modes of the transformer. 8. The reliability and resource of work increases, the negative impact on the environment decreases.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. A three-phase transformer, which includes primary and secondary windings in each phase and a spatial cylindrical magnetic system, which is distinguished by the fact that the magnetic system is formed by M-shaped sections of amorphous steel, the concentric arrangement of which forms a regular six-ray star of rods on which are placed windings of the phases in the composition of the primary and secondary windings of one phase, the windings are held by the base from below, and are covered by the coating of the supporting base at the top; vertically, the sections are separated by air gaps with winding seals installed in them. 2. A three-phase transformer according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the diametrically arranged windings, connected in series according to the voltages, form a three-phase system, each phase of which has a main and regulating winding with their connection in a "star" or " triangle". xx po She EU dm M ON day My child s TK y ven Dream ve ono nyat y Dnya nya KV SK He Me is DOING Bo a dit NOT ROMEN MK RE PE DOING pe nay m OKU YEAR y - r shu BORDER No Ha EN EN y ХО 1 І s ж : Х ХО AT OT i K І І КОЖ ВР: ех и я. 1 It BE he y: M N KKU INYNNe NN 1 homo. in NN skin Iaknnnnninineyannnia NOI RRO: tsk EYA OO TEO dih: her OK RRO roya h her poro RR s IN OKO roi U KE i uddylyalyatyanyatnyannntlyalyatyatlytintnnnnny OO 110: tya NN 1 y VO OVO HER 7 SY re V p IC: pc i 1 I : 7 gene nya x NOTHING ABOUT fic Y her Kiya Tini essay t : SHE yi NN tnih t MOIR r ti i Z NN HO OY VE OT i U Ri OYI BO ory N NN NN N NIC OLYA mouth Ti EF RROoshti: i Eh I p RR: et ka NED SE | KRB I am B Tsrodiinnttttttiannnnnny |: shchi TROEM them 1: etc. and Kt priy 11 ON They went li 7 tsa her OVO IS OO un her 1 that | and Koova OA is still fighting. RIBROYA pyt NN JAK TI JjO 1 pcs Bri Ov TOZ ut SCHE I Bri schi ON Kk i a ike her Ki I nya Neo: MN NN OO ryh CHANGES kb z YAKU In Oh t CHNI BO RIK i ki i NYA N BR I R. 00000000... I N BIO ii - HE p M RKO t HNN y BU YAN RE I i ENN NE Ha YAN BREBIOI and RI z i Z her: jin Bi SCHO RRO: more ENN NEO I BR: i y pn a o THE SAME thing a NI NN: SHO RRO OKH -i NN What DO ge IN M I Ne MNN yannia NU OO I ek Shchy 1:11 ki NN KK TEM IN: GU - OH Ve GAM uh 31. Central Committee and V p nn KKU p o Ana nY ! ZO VMHdy mom! EM and mini ii NU I Ki in OV OH this oy day for" We po nannia dlnyuh vkshe s o More - SLYNY KO Kto tu M « p i ZHEKu Kz Koch her Ka MIT ery MIXE cut Me I eat schi: WE En da ZNA Ko i zd, y zhk MEM EV kory rati o na o o o a o Nav a nn i Ж BM Aa ZONE i і і MMK ЖЖ ОККО пИМЙХХ Fo МАК х in 2 M EK o i dy NM in Ba ; eh a V Da V Ya i V Ol v o on NN x day Y ro U SAVENKO ik ih a znih ri N o M YN U n n i s : MK BM uch BM "7 sa Pi Ku i es U i nn V NN OK THEY thread soy : Don in V On 5 pennies Om M Z M u M request "M MKK M ti nn ya N KI ZH N REK Ma o VUH Kl PM! х For them, N KM will increase even more. UNN N Sho pyati MM KOM kn V KV N Ko y SOE che i v o ON N ru y Ko o ia I Z KO NY N pe. h she v V Vy h sao NNYA xx oyu ee h, ME i NYA KM TD i Her h hoda already S BY ZE i i. H dk i I OO B WHAT YES i; Kuk ek Z Yaga zhi Ach o, o oo No an o NN a ION k- vkh Z KO VU NE NYA Ne B u OO NE maya y t Me Z MEP BEK Oh «Ave, A PoNya el Shk v Vch ANDSHNYI Ko Elen V 7 I DC CIT and I NI I too st i veiy shi po nn z