UA117649U - CONTROLLING ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS OF CONSUMER SUPPLY BY A CODE SIGNAL - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of controlling consumer electrical circuits by means of a code signal is that a common power bus (RW) and a control bus (RW) implemented on the RW or a separate wired, fiber-optic or radio channel transmitting the code signal (frame), in parallel, the central control computer (CCC), microcontrollers (MCs) of consumers with relevant consumers, MK sensors (sensors, switches, relays, etc.) with corresponding sensors are connected. In this case, consumer management is performed by the CCU on the CCU by sequential polling of the MC sensors from the first to the last, according to the table of the sequence of the polls of the sensors (TPO), recorded in the permanent memory of the CCC. , The MC of the sensor upon receipt of the frame addressed to it sends to the SHU a frame response, where, depending on the algorithm of processing the frame of the response frame, the MC of the consumer immediately translates the consumer to the appropriate state or waits for the appropriate instruction from the CCC.

Description

This useful model is a method of controlling electrical power circuits of consumers using a code signal from a central control computer (dispatcher) and microcontrollers of a group of sensors (sensors, switches, relays, etc.), then a control method. In contrast to the usual "parallel" way of controlling consumers of the system, where each consumer with a corresponding group of sensors forms an independent circuit of electric power, and in which the management of all consumers can be carried out independently of each other at any time, the proposed method performs sequential management of consumers system, i.e. only by one consumer at a given time, on one power and control bus common to all consumers. This method of controlling electric consumers can be carried out through the power supply network of consumers with constant and variable supply voltages, or through a separate dedicated control channel (optical, electrical, radio channel, etc.). That is, the proposed version of consumer management is a type of RI C (Roweg I pe

Sottipisaiyop) system. There is currently no single standard for RIS systems, although there are attempts to unify monitoring and control systems for power networks. In addition, the GIS provides for the transmission of information and control through alternating current networks with a frequency of 50/60

Gu, in contrast to the proposed method of control over a direct current network.

The closest analogs to the proposed control method known to the author from the state of the art are: - X10 international open industrial standard, which is used for communication between devices in home automation systems; - 1-Mie bidirectional communication bus for devices with low-speed data transfer (up to 125 Kbit/s), the feature of which is that data and power are transmitted together on a two-wire system, or only data, and power on a separate line. - EIV/KMH - communication bus widely used for building automation.

All of the above-listed standards are implemented according to the GIS principle, that is, data transmission is carried out directly over the lines of the power network. One common disadvantage of these systems is the low data transfer rate of up to 125 Kbit/s, due to the tasks for which these standards were developed and the real physical ability of power networks to transmit a high-frequency information signal.

Another group of industrial standards for the automation of various tasks and processes with a high degree of speed (100 Mbit/s and more) are such system buses of control systems as:

RVORIMET, RVORIVO5, EPetSAT. The peculiarity of these systems is that they physically represent an arbitrary topology (bus, ring, star, tree), but their logical topology is a ring. This is primarily due to the nature of node polling and interaction between nodes participating in this network. Usually, these system buses are implemented separately from power networks, in contrast to the proposed method.

The priority area of application of this control method is primarily vehicles of various types: automobile, water, air, rail, etc. Also, this useful model can be used in military equipment. This method of controlling electrical consumers can also be used in buildings and complex devices (systems), where their individual electrical consumers can be interconnected by a single power bus or a common control bus with a compact arrangement of system components .

As you know, in modern vehicles, electrical wiring reaches hundreds and thousands of meters. Such a large number of wires is due to the need to control each individual consumer on a separate electrical power circuit, turning it on and off at a certain time. As a result, the risk of breaks and short circuits in the wiring increases significantly.

A large number of wires requires the use of a complex system of marking each wire, the use of a large number of various connectors for connecting consumers to the electrical wiring, combining individual wires into harnesses and buses, using additional space for placing electrical wiring in the vehicle. The large number of wiring wires and connectors, the complexity of the design, the laboriousness of its manufacture and installation significantly increase the price of the final product and increase its weight. The complexity of diagnosing and repairing such wiring should also be added here.

Purpose

This method allows powering and control of all consumers of the system by the central control computer (CCC) on a common power bus and a common control bus, connecting to them through microcontrollers (MK) all switches, sensors, relays, consumers, etc., that is, all terminal elements of electrical wiring (TEP). Thus, the entire electrical wiring of the system is reduced to a two-wire cable system "plus"/"minus" when powered by direct current or phase/zero, phase/phase when using systems with alternating current, and all TEP and CCC are connected to the power bus in parallel (Fig. 1). Receipt of control signals from switches, sensors, relays and control of all consumers is carried out either on the power bus or on a separate control bus radio, fiber optic or wired communication channel. For example, on a vehicle with a constant current power supply, as well as control of all electrical components of the system can be carried out with one "positive" wire, since the "minus" wire (ground) from the power source is fed to the metal body (body) of the vehicle and is available in any -which part of it. Thus, the entire electrical wiring is reduced to one common trunk single-wire "positive" bus and local "negative" buses (mass), "taken" from the case.

IAdvantages

This control method allows you to reduce the amount of electrical wiring by tens and hundreds of times, to use the same type of connectors, branching and connectors for all TEPs. The use of one or more cables for powering and controlling the TEP significantly simplifies wiring marking. Parallel (feeder) connection of all TEPs in any place of the power bus allows you to completely abandon wiring cards and individual connection schemes

TEP. This method significantly reduces the probability of breaks or short circuits of individual wires, simplifies diagnostics and troubleshooting of electrical wiring. Enables automatic diagnostics of each TEP by the central control computer (dispatcher) with the output of all detected malfunctions on the operator's monitor or the screen of the vehicle's on-board computer.

In fig. 1 and 2 show: central control computer (CCC) 1, which consists of a central processor (CPU) 2 and a dispatcher (DP) 3, sensor unit (sensors, switches, relays) (D) 4, consumer unit (C) 5, power and control buses 6. In fig. 1 diagram of the physical connection of the blocks to the power and control bus, in fig. 2 shows the logical relationships between the blocks of the system.

(Principle of operation logical part)

A table of all available sensors (D) and consumers (C), a list of all parameter values or states that they can acquire during operation and their initial values and stages, a table of the sequence of polling sensors (TPO), algorithm is recorded in the permanent memory of the CCC

From self-testing of the system. When the system is turned on, a system self-test operation takes place. The CCC sequentially interrogates each sensor (D) and, according to the sensor response parameters, sets the corresponding consumer or group of consumers with which this sensor is connected to a certain defined state, and then interrogates the remaining consumers that have not yet been involved in testing.

The set and sequence of self-testing operations is determined by the system developer and may be different from the one given, for example, sequential polling of all consumers and then sensors followed by their initialization. Next, the system switches to the operating mode, during which the CCK, according to the TPO, polls each sensor and compares the data received from it with the previous ones (recorded in the RAM of the CCK). If the data received from the sensor is not different from the previous one, then the CCC can either proceed to polling the next sensor, or first reset the corresponding consumer to a state that matches the value received from the sensor, and then proceed to polling the next sensor. The latter algorithm requires more machine operations and the time spent on them, but guarantees re-enablement of the consumer if, due to some failure, the consumer was not enabled in the corresponding state last time. If the data received from the sensor differs from the previous ones, the CCC switches the corresponding consumer to a new state, and then proceeds to polling the next sensor. When the TPC reaches the last position of the TPO, the polling cycle ends, the TPC moves to the beginning of the TPO, repeating the polling cycle again, ensuring continuous execution of the polling algorithm throughout the system's operation. The sequence of polling, the number of calls and the intervals between the calls of the CCC to each individual sensor during one TPO cycle are determined by the system developer.

IPrinciple of work physical part)

The central control computer (CCC), sensors and consumers of the system are connected to one common control bus (CC) as shown in Fig. 2. Polling of sensors is carried out by the CCC, consumer management is carried out by the CCC or the sensor that corresponds to the given consumer. For this, the CCC forms and issues the appropriate code signal (frame) to the SC - a sequence of binary symbols of the specified format. The frame transmitted to the SC necessarily contains the address of a specific addressee and information that the addressee must process. The frame transmitted by the CC to the SC is read by all MK sensors and MC of consumers at the same time. Accept the frame for execution only those addressees whose own address coincides with the address specified in the address field of the recipient (AOS) of the frame. Because the CCK can form unique, that is, only for one specific addressee, and group frames.

The frame can be with or without a response. A frame with a response requires the addressee to confirm the execution of the received frame (for consumers) or to provide information about its state (for sensors). A frame with an answer can be applied only to one specific addressee (unique frame) and cannot be applied to a group of addressees, since in this case it is not known who to give priority to the answer. An unanswered frame can be unique or group and instructs one or several addressees to perform a certain action but does not require confirmation of its execution. As mentioned above, the function of transmitting the frame to the consumer can be taken over by the corresponding sensor, subject to the permission of the Central Committee

The frame format can be of the following type:

Table 1 8-16 bits) (8 bits) | (8 bits) 16-48 bits) 16-48 bits) 8-80 bits) 8-32 bits) | (8 bits) where it is indicated:

The preamble is a bit combination that, if necessary, is included in the frame for synchronizing the transmitter and receiver, ensuring a minimum time interval for the receiver to process the received frame or other service purposes.

PO (initial delimiter) - a certain defined combination of signals, always different from the data signals, required to determine the beginning of the frame.

CC (frame control field) - defines the type of frame, such as group or unique, with or without response, etc.

AO (recipient address) - a unique or group address of the frame recipient

AB (sender address) - the unique address of the sender of the frame

Data block - control information or data

PDA - control frame sequence

KO (end delimiter) - a certain defined combination of signals is always different from data signals, necessary to determine the end of the frame, all data bits between PO and KO are covered

PDA

Each sensor and consumer is actually a sensor or consumer electrically connected to the corresponding microcontroller (MK). The consumer's MC must ensure: reception and processing of the frame from the SC, setting the consumer in the appropriate state specified in

From the received frame, forming a response about receiving the frame, the state of the consumer, the success of the command, transfer the frame-response to the control panel, the MC of the sensor must ensure: reception and processing of the frame from the control panel, forming a response about the status of the sensor, converting the analog value of the value of the reading during the cellar parameter of the sensor into a digital one, to transfer the response frame to the SC. For synchronous operation of all MCs of the system

The CCK issues a synchronizing signal to the SC. Synchronous signal sets the speed of information transmission between the CCC and

MK, and are also clock pulses for the operation of the internal components of the MK (triggers, registers,

ADC, etc.).

Local computing networks (/LOM) with token access to the GOST 34.913.4-91 bus (150 8802/4-88) have a similar operating principle. All users of this type of LOM are physically connected to one common bus, all active participants of LOM simultaneously listen to the air (frame transmission of another station), however, only one station at a certain time has the right to transmit a frame (that is, has a "marker" for frame transmission), after frame transmission, the station transmits the "marker" to the next station in the circle.

The proposed method of control according to the physical topology is a bus (Fig. 1), and according to the logical star (Fig. 2), and not a ring, as in the above LOM according to GOST 34.913.4-91 (I5O 8802/4-88). Also

The CCK permanently has the right to transfer the frame (with a token), contacting the desired MC and giving it a token to respond to the sent request. The MC, having transmitted the response frame, returns the token to the CCC, after which the CCC "interrogates" the next CCC and so on according to TPO.

That is, the proposed method of management based on the structure of appeals between one CCC and many MKs is a Mavieg-5iame structure, or more precisely, an Ope Mazieg-tapu 5iamevs, and not a Client-Server (LOM according to GOST 34.913.4-91), where each station can be a Client, and the Server. The proposed structure of appeals practically makes possible the occurrence of collisions, i.e. situations when several stations transmit a signal at the same time.

It is more expedient to implement the proposed control method together with the system wiring on one common power and control bus. To ensure interference protection, the developer can use interference-resistant shielded cables,

special encoding of the frame with error detection, and with the possibility of detecting and correcting one or more errors. In highly protected and secret systems (various military equipment, strategic or error-critical objects, etc.), TEP control should be carried out via a separate fiber-optic cable, which will make it impossible for information to leak outside the system and cause interference when connected to the system's electrical wiring.

Multi-wire type of wiring, in which a separate power supply circuit is provided for each consumer, the time required for the physical switching of the consumer from one state to another consists of:

Table 2 " | final).

The time of physical delay should not exceed the permissible limits established for each consumer. We will call these delays "analog" delays.

When using the proposed control model, the physical delay time consists of:

The table of the consumer's conditions for transferring it to the appropriate state; (31 nouns finite); (9. |for the formation and transfer of personnel-report on the implementation of the Consumer Code of ShK.DG/:/

The proposed model, in addition to "analog" delays, contains a number of additional "digital" delays caused by waiting for the request queue, formation, processing and transmission of the required number of frames. To optimize operation, time-parallel delays should be combined to reduce the total delay time. The CCC should be powerful enough to generate the next frame when sending one frame, the sensors and consumers' MCs should generate response frames while waiting for the survey queue. For example, the MC of the sensor while waiting for its polling turn can generate a response frame about its state by combining delays 1-4 (tab. 3), provided that: 142"3-4. Thus, the delay time 1-4 will be 3-4, and

The MC of the sensor can immediately send a response frame without additional delays after receiving a request from the CCK. Also, in order to minimize delays, the developer should choose optimal algorithms for controlling the power circuits of each consumer. For example, in fig. According to the presented scheme of consumer control, during which the CCC sends a request frame (arrow ) to the MC of the sensor, the MC of the sensor immediately issues a response frame (arrow II) to the PIC with an indication in the AO field of the address of the desired consumer (consumers) which is read by the CCC (for statistics or additional actions) and appropriate

MK of the consumer to set the latter in the appropriate state. In this scheme, the delays are reduced to the waiting time for the polling queue, the transmission of two data frames (after which the CCC immediately polls the next sensor), the processing of the consumer's MC frame, and the consumer's reaction. In fig. 3b, a frame-report (arrow IM) about the performance of the consumer's MK is added to the previous scheme, to the frame-response of the sensor's MK (arrow II). With such a scheme, after receiving a response frame, the CCC is forced to stand still while waiting for the consumer's MC to process the frame, the consumer to switch to the appropriate state, the consumer's MC to process its new state, form and transmit a frame-report (IM arrow). For such a scheme, it is more expedient to organize the cycle in such a way that on the received frame-response (arrow II) the consumer transmits a frame-report (arrow IM) from the previous request (that is, a report with a delay of one state), or the CCC addresses the consumer (arrow IP) through the set number of frames and received a generated frame-report (IM arrow) from the consumer (about the current state), fig. Zv. In fig. 3 shows a scheme in which the frame-response of the MK sensor (arrow II) is first received and processed by the CCK, and only then the frame-indication is sent

(arrow NO) about the transition of a specified consumer or group of consumers to the corresponding state. The scheme is shown in fig. Zd is similar to the previous one, only a staff report is added to it (IM arrow)

MK of the consumer on the execution of the instruction frame (arrow II). Thus, the total delay time will consist of:

Table 4 " final);

In most mechanical switches and relays of electrical circuits, the actuation time of electrical contacts depends on their mechanical characteristics and ranges from tenths of a millisecond (ms) to units of ms. The exception is analog sensors that permanently output the value of the measured physical quantity in the form of the corresponding level of electrical voltage or current. The rate of change of the threshold values of the measured parameters (temperature, pressure, speed, etc.) should also be taken into account, which are also usually in the range from ms to seconds. The reaction time (switching) of consumers also ranges from units of ms to hundreds of ms. Thus, the total time of "analog" delays will be in the range from me units to seconds.

The duration of "Digital" delays directly depends on the speed of data processing in the CCC and MK, the length of the data frame, their number and speed of their transmission, and the waiting time for the polling queue.

Usually, the number of values that the MC receives from the sensor or transmits to the consumer is units (switches, relays), less often hundreds or thousands of values (mainly sensors). The current level of development of microelectronics makes it possible to create integrated microcircuits with a high degree of integration. This makes it possible to ensure the necessary internal logical calculations are performed in a minimum number (units, tens) of clocks, and data frames can be processed "on the fly", that is, in the process of reception, with the completion of their processing at the end of the frame or with a delay of several clocks. The speed of data transfer over modern wired and fiber optic networks reaches more than 100 Mbit/s. At such data transfer rates, the calculation of "digital" delays will be:

И-И/М, where: ии - time required for data frame transmission; - data frame length; m - speed (frequency) of data transmission.

THERE", where t is the total time of the "digital" delay;

M - the number of consecutively polled sensors; n is the number (average) of data frames per surveyed sensor.

For example, a system with MA-1000 sequentially polled sensors, n--3, I-248 bits, m-108s7, will have the time (I) of transmitting one data frame:

I1-248/108s7-2.487106s (2.48 μs), and the sensor marker turnover time (T) or its polling interval will be: t-100073 2.487 1066 -7.447 1036 (7 44 mo).

As can be seen from the formula, the total digital delay time depends on the data transfer rate (m), the length of the data frame (1), their number (n) and the interval (M) between sensor polls.

The system designer must use data frames of minimum length (His), use optimal combinations of polling sensors and consumer management (Fig. C a-d), set the limit intervals (M) polling for each sensor, transmit data at the highest possible speed (depends on the method and data transmission environment, opportunities

CCK and MK, SC parameters, etc.). In TPO, for sensors that are responsible for important system parameters, the call interval (M) can be reduced to the desired value of the time delay, and sensors with less critical parameters can be called less often. The TPO can contain several hundreds and thousands of records, however, the number and methods of accessing each sensor during one TPO review cycle can be different, some sensors are accessed by the CCC only once (one entry in the TPO), others much more often (several entries in the TPO , recorded at certain intervals) and with different survey methods (Fig. C a-d). In this way, the required reaction time delay of each user of the system is achieved (ha of the total time of viewing TPO)1.

Claims (3)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. The method of controlling electric power supply circuits of consumers using a code signal, which consists in connecting to a common power bus (SW) and a control bus (SW), which is implemented on the SW or a separate wired, fiber-optic or radio code signal transmission channel (frame), the central control computer (CCM), microcontrollers (MC) of consumers are connected in parallel with the corresponding consumers, MC of the sensors (sensors, switches, relays, etc.) with the corresponding sensors, which differs in that the control of the consumers is carried out by the CCC according to the SHU in series by polling the MC sensors from the first to the last, according to the table of the sequence of polling sensors (TPO), recorded in the permanent memory of the CCK, for it the CCK generates and issues a frame-request about the status of the MC sensor, the MC sensor upon receiving the frame addressed to it- of the request sends a response frame to the SHU, where, depending on the selected frame-response processing algorithm, the consumer's MC immediately transfers the consumer to the appropriate state or waits for a response one instruction from the CCC, upon completion of the CCC maintenance of the current MK sensor and the related MC of the consumer (consumers), the CCC proceeds to surveying the next sensor in the TPO of the MK sensor, upon completion of the maintenance of the last CCC in the list of TPO of the MK sensor, the CCC proceeds to polling the MC of the sensor with the first number in TPO, repeating the survey cycle from the beginning. 2. The method according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that the CCC ensures the formation and transmission of code signals (frames) in the control unit, the reception and processing of received frames from the control unit, and at the same time contains information about its own internal address in the internal non-volatile memory, contains in internal permanent memory information about the internal address and possible states of each MC connected to the system, TPO, algorithm for working with MC sensors and consumers, system testing algorithm with the possibility of transferring test results to the neutral computer of the system or displaying the necessary information on the user's screen, generates clock pulses in the control unit for synchronizing data transmission between the central control unit and the MC, which are simultaneously synchronizing pulses of the electronic digital circuits of the control unit sensors and consumers, the control center permanently has the right to transfer the frame to the control unit (marker) and also has the exclusive right to transfer the marker to the corresponding control unit, only on From the specified time for the transmission of a fixed number of frames, ensures the retransmission of the frame in the event of a transmission error giving or losing a frame, ensures emergency operation of the system when errors or malfunctions are detected in the operation of MCs, sensors, consumers, RUs, forms and transmits a corresponding error report to the central computer of the system or displays the necessary information on the user's screen. 3. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the MC forms and transmits frames to the control system based on the data (analog or discrete) provided by the sensor or consumer connected to it, receives and processes the received frames from the control system with further installation of the consumer (consumers) in the required state (applies to MK of consumers), while it contains information about its own internal address in the internal non-volatile memory, contains the algorithm of internal testing of the sensor or consumer connected to the MK. about and : . And shk pd she -- - xx - Fig. 1