UA108882U - DIFFERENTIAL METHOD OF SEA WATER DESIGNATION IN CHANNELS WITH THE HELP OF SOLAR ENERGY - Google Patents

Abstract

Differential method of seawater desalination in channels by means of solar energy is carried out directly in the system of interconnected transport channels in dynamic-differential mode, both with a uniform flow of seawater, and with a cyclic change in the level of filling the channel with seawater over the entire length of the interconnection equidistant channels, at least one of which is intended for the supply of seawater and at least one for the desalination of water. The method provides for the possibility of intensification of evaporation, including by forming special zones of intensification of evaporation.

Description

The useful model belongs to the technologies of demineralization of salty and brackish waters, mainly sea water, using natural climatic factors, in particular solar energy, and can be used to solve the problems of providing fresh water to arid and arid regions in conditions of insufficient reserves of water sources, in areas with hot climates, suffering from a lack of fresh water and those with an excess of sea or other unsuitable water.

Modern methods of desalination represent the local application of stationary technical facilities where desalination of seawater is carried out with the consumption of energy from various sources and the subsequent transportation of desalinated water to consumers. This is a rather expensive and energy-intensive process.

To reduce the energy consumption of desalination, the use of solar energy using solar batteries and solar concentrators is relevant.

A known method of desalination of mineralized water (KO, patent Mo 2080019 for the invention "Method of desalination of mineralized water (Sposob opresneniya mineralized water)", СО2Е 1/14, publ. 20.05.1997| by its evaporation under the influence of the heat of solar radiation from a flowing stream on an inclined heat-absorbing surface, further concentration of steam and separate removal of condensate and brine, while the inclined heat-absorbing surface is placed in a reservoir with mineralized water, they ensure the retention of the upper edge of the inclined surface near the surface of the reservoir and create a flow from the upper edge of the inclined surface to its lower edge due to free convective heat and mass transfer, while the bottom has a light-absorbing coating.

This method has low efficiency and is industrially unsuitable for transporting large volumes of seawater over long distances, as it requires the constant creation of a flow flowing along an inclined heat-absorbing surface located in a reservoir with mineralized water, while the channel of the desalination device is funnel-shaped and cannot ensure the supply of desalinated water to the mainland.

A known method of desalination of sea water (KO, patent Mo 2359917 for the invention "Method of desalination of sea water by utilization of low-potential heat)", СО2Е 1/04, publ.

From where the seawater, preheated in the heat exchanger of the circulating water supply system of the condensing power plant, and then in the heat pump, is fed into a curvilinear channel with acceleration in the last stream of seawater to a speed at which the static pressure in the stream of seawater falls below the boiling pressure of salt water at a given temperature of salt water, while the curved channels are placed in a vacuum chamber on the shaft with the possibility of obtaining at the exit of each curved channel a jet stream that rotates the shaft, and the energy of rotation of the shaft is reused.

However, the application of this method is very limited, since the length of such curved channels technologically cannot be significant, that is, their use is exclusively local.

A known method of desalination of salt water (MO 2007059561 (A1), "A rireipe zukhtet (Pipeline system)", СО2Е 1/00, publ. PCT 20070531; А)О 2005906494, СО2Е 1/00, publ. 22.11.2005;

KY, application Mo 2008125141, СО2Е 1/00, publ. 27.12.2009), which includes introducing salt water into the desalination chamber through the salt water inlet, spraying the water inside the chamber, creating a substantially non-swirling air flow inside the chamber, removing water vapor from the chamber through the steam outlet, and removing the unvaporized salt water , from the chamber through the outlet for salt water. In addition, it provides for the removal of salt from the chamber through the outlet for salt water, the heating of the salt water before it enters the desalination chamber, the operation of an exhaust fan, turbine or other device for supplying air flow, which improves the removal of water vapor from the chamber, the removal of water vapor from the chamber through the steam outlet, using the pressure difference between the outlet and the chamber.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to ensure the absolute tightness of the desalination system in the form of pipelines and the need to ensure the forced removal of water vapor from the desalination chamber through a special steam outlet, for which air is blown through the heat exchanger due to the aerodynamic thrust created by the deflector, and the resulting condensate is pumped out by a pump. In addition, special technological techniques are applied using the appropriate equipment (turbine, exhaust fan, etc.), which leads to significant losses of desalinated water, the unremoved part of which remains in the form of steam in the desalination chamber and, being captured by the non-vortex air flow, returns to the water chamber in this chamber. the mass of 60 sea water.

A known method of desalination of sea water (M/O2012127081 (At), "VOGAK OE5BAHIMATIOM

RIAMT RON 5EA UUATEV, VVIME5 OV UM/ABTE UUATEN AMO OEBZAGIMATIOM METNOYU (Solar desalinator for seawater, brine or waste and method of water desalination)", СО2Е 114, AOT1О 9/24, publ. 09/27/2012; EP2690069 (A1); AO2012230190 (JSC); E52401516 (JSC); 052014054159 (А1), 27.02.2014), which includes micro-spraying of the fluid in the upper part of the closed case, limited by a transparent shell, in which hot air generated by solar energy accumulates, evaporation using a solar collector connected to the shell, the capture of humid air as a result of evaporation in the specified area and its transportation to the column of vertical condensation and its distillation, condensation and heat release are completed in at least one tank installed in the subsoil or below sea level, and the recirculation collected humid air freed from water is directed in the direction to the inner part of the housing, while the supply of useful, desalinated water is carried out from the tank, and the provision of air flow to the external environment is carried out at a time when its temperature is adequate.

The disadvantage of this method is the forced movement of moist air to the vertical condenser and its special treatment by distillation, as well as multi-stage condensation of water vapor.

Known method of water distillation from sea water (05, patent Mo 2013068607 for the invention "Arragaiy5 Tog aiziShaetsnop oi ulaieg apa teijoa5 Ttog izipd zate (Apparatus for distilling water and methods of its application)" VO1O 3/04, СО2Е 103/08, СО2Е 1/ 14, publ. 21.03.2013), which includes positioning in the water under the sloping cover of the MU-shaped device in an inverted position; positioning the lens at a distance and at an angle to said device to focus the heat of said device at the upper water evaporation point where the seawater enters said device; collection of water vapor from the specified angle in the medial pipe, in which the water evaporates and condenses during passage; condensate collection from the specified collector chamber is carried out through the outlet pipe. In addition, the step of positioning on the second inclined side of the coating at least one additional lens at the point where the heat is focused is provided.

The disadvantage of the method is that it involves exclusively local application, since

The positioning of the device is carried out directly on the sea surface, while the desalinated water is not transported to the continent.

The closest in terms of the set of essential features is the method of desalination of sea or brackish water using solar energy (EC, patent Mo 2431994 "Rizroziyi de deszaIetenpi a'yeai de teg oi zatzschtaiige a Gaiide de Gepegdie 5oiige (Device for desalination of sea water or brackish A using solar energy)", СО2Е1/14, 26.07.1978|, which includes: the organization of two adjacent parallel channels, one of which is intended for the supply of sea or salt water, and the other - for desalinated water; their equipment with valves located in each of the channels, and water gates installed at the entrance and exit of both channels; creation of a greenhouse structure under a transparent sloping covering (shell), preferably under a glass roof, on one of the specified channels for water evaporation and condensation, creation of a desalinated water collection structure that connects to the greenhouse the structure is a sloping cover, the base of which is immersed in another channel, forming the condensation of a cooled source of desalinated water; channel, which is connected to the greenhouse structure, has a wall that absorbs solar radiation; the use of a channel for draining brine (seawater that has not evaporated); focusing solar radiation on the evaporation chamber, for which optical structures are used to concentrate solar radiation in the greenhouse structure, for example, in the form of panels or several lenses (for example, Fresnel lenses), prisms; provided that each concentration panel is placed with a slope related to the maximum height of the sun at the zenith, and is topped by a screen with an adjustable slope factor for deflection depending on the season and solar radiation on the panel; panels are made of a sequence of prisms with the possibility of turning them under the influence of sunlight in the same direction to the sun with a reflective mirror to overcome the greenhouse structure and return radiation damage.

The disadvantage of the method chosen as a prototype is the diversion of these parallel channels from the main channel with sea water at a certain interval, that is, it is local. The parallelism of the channels implies their straightness, which limits the application of the method in the natural environment. The productivity of the method determines the speed of water supply through the first hydraulic pipe and the speed of pumping. In addition, the main space of the evaporation chamber has a transmission passage that connects to a pipe immersed in water in the second channel, and the supply of purified water for collection in the tank is carried out with the help of water vapor that arrives in the transmission passage and condenses in a pipe with water external cooling. This design of the transfer passage leads to significant losses of desalinated water, the unremoved part of which remains in the form of steam in the desalination chamber and returns to the water mass of seawater in the evaporation chamber. Also, the transparency of the sloping coating limits its functionality.

The useful model is based on the task of improving seawater desalination technology, optimizing energy use for more complete use of the seawater flow, and bringing desalinated water as close as possible to the user.

The technical result consists in increasing the manufacturability of the method due to the creation of a new dynamic-differential technology of seawater desalination through the complex organization of the seawater desalination process during its transportation to the mainland; optimizing the use of energy during desalination due to the use of natural renewable energy sources, in particular the energy of solar radiation and the energy of the Earth, minimizing energy consumption due to the use of natural energy not only in the evaporation process, but also in the process of transporting sea water to the continent by means of dynamic differential treatment of sea water with its separation into flows of different functionality with the simultaneous use of the entire surface area of the channel with sea water; maximization of the use of solar energy and the water mass through dynamic continuous increase of the temperature ingredient, as well as due to the optimal organization of the interconnected system of channels for the transportation and desalination of sea water and the system of the greenhouse structure while optimizing the configuration of the channels; the maximum use of the entire volume of sea water in the process of its forced transportation over a long distance with the provision of regular or periodic forced supply of sea water into the canals while maintaining the uninterrupted functioning of the canal system; minimization of condensate losses in the structure of its collection along the entire length of the channel when it flows into the equidistant (equidistant) desalinated water transportation channel, which in general leads to a significant reduction in the price of drinking water.

The task is solved by the fact that in the method of desalination of sea water with the help of solar energy, the organization of adjacent channels is carried out, one of which is intended for the supply of sea water, and the other - for desalinated water; equipping them with a controlled system of hydraulic means; creation of a greenhouse structure on one of the specified channels for water evaporation and condensation; creation of a structure for collecting desalinated water, which is connected to the greenhouse structure by an inclined shell, the base of which is immersed in another channel, forming the condensation of a cooled source of desalinated water; equipment of the channel, which is connected to the greenhouse structure, a wall that absorbs solar radiation; application of a channel for draining brine (sea water that has not evaporated), concentration of solar radiation in the greenhouse structure, and in the method according to a useful model, desalination is carried out directly in a system of interconnected equidistant, including parallel transport channels in a dynamic-differential mode both with a uniform flow of sea water and with a cyclical change in the level of filling the channel with sea water along the entire length of the interconnected system of channels by the flow of condensate from the channel for the supply of sea water into the desalinated water channel along the inner surface of the inclined shell, while providing for the inclusion of at least one additional channel for equidistant transportation of several flows of desalinated water, or for equidistant transportation of several flows of sea water, including for regulating the concentration of brine, or for returning concentrated brine back to the sea or ocean, or for draining concentrated brine into a basin and evaporation of salt for the extraction of salt, or for the redirection of sea water to ensure the possibility of cleaning the channel from salt deposits, collecting salt, transporting salt along the channel by mechanical devices, machines, combines, engineering systems, involves regular or periodic forced feeding of sea water into the channels for retention of sea water while preserving the uninterrupted functioning of the greenhouse structure, provides for the organization of the greenhouse structure with the possibility of intensification of evaporation; execution of the sloping shell of the greenhouse structure from transparent, translucent, or opaque materials, or their combination; organization of the surface of the inclined shell of the greenhouse structure with a slope in at least one direction along the guide of at least the first or second order; while maintaining the uniformity of the desalinated water flow formation by forming zones of intensification of evaporation and increasing the rate of salt crystallization;

forming a greenhouse structure and channels with seawater with a heat-absorbing coating with a high heat absorption coefficient, and a channel with desalinated water with a coating with a high heat transfer coefficient; with the possibility of implementing the configuration of transportation-desalination channels in limited areas of territories with a complex shape, different from a straight line, preferably zigzag or spiral, or a combined shape; forced supply of seawater into channels for holding seawater is carried out by means of forced injection, including tidal devices or systems, or their combination.

In addition, the inclined surface of the shell has a rectilinear slope in one direction or a rectilinear slope in two directions, or is made polyhedral or toroidal; intensification of evaporation in a channel with seawater or brine is heated by additional solar energy collection planes with heat input to the channel by means of heat pipes or concentrators, or solar array systems, or lens systems, or a combination thereof; intensification of evaporation in the channel with seawater or brine is provided by splitters, or turbulizers, or sprinklers, or their combination to increase the efficiency of evaporation; the formation of zones of evaporation intensification and an increase in the rate of salt crystallization is ensured by the organization of a complex cross-sectional shape of the channel.

The essence of the method is explained by drawings.

In fig. 1 schematically depicts an interconnected system of channels with seawater and desalinated water, in a cross section.

In fig. Fig. 2 schematically shows the pipeline of seawater supply to the channel, in a longitudinal section.

In fig. The diagram shows the convective evaporation-condensation flow in an interconnected system of channels with a greenhouse structure formed by an evaporation channel, a channel for transporting sea water, and a channel for collecting and transporting desalinated water.

Fig. 4 schematically shows the movement of the convective evaporative

From the condensation flow in the space of the interconnected system of channels.

Designations on the drawings: 1 - evaporation channel of the greenhouse structure, 2 - seawater transportation channel, 3 - desalinated water collection-transportation channel, 4 - heating wall, which provides a convective flow that intensifies evaporation/condensation, 5 - inclined shell, 6 - convective evaporation-condensation flow, 7 - condensate, 8 - sea, 9 - pump.

There is a close cause-and-effect relationship between the entire set of essential features and the declared technical result.

Dynamic desalination of sea water by differentiating water flows allows sea water to be transported to the mainland simultaneously with desalination, i.e. extraction of drinking water is combined with its transportation, which makes desalination cheaper due to the optimization of the channel system and brings drinking water closer to the consumer in its freshest form, since drinking water does not stagnate in tanks, acquiring a musty taste in them. The creation of a "heat box" greenhouse structure provides a convective flow that intensifies evaporation/condensation in the process of moving seawater through a system of interconnected equidistant channels. This connection is determined by the physical properties of phase transitions of water and is ensured by such an organization of channels that forms a purposeful convective flow. The intensification of the evaporation-condensation process is organized by combined methods, which include the specific structure and configuration of the channel system, including channel tectonics, zoning of evaporation intensity, as well as the use of concentrated solar energy and the Earth's thermal energy in different areas of the channel system, the use of complex physical interaction of the structural layout channels and mechanical influence on the contents of the channels.

The method consists in creating an interconnected system of neighboring equidistant, including parallel transport channels (Fig. 1, Fig. C, Fig. 4), at least one of which is intended for the supply of sea (mineralized, salty or brackish) water 2 and at least one - for desalinated water 3, their equipment with hydraulic supply means 9 and a system controlling hydraulic means, for example, valves placed in each of the channels and water gates installed at the entrance and exit of both channels (not shown in Fig. 1-4). At the same time, the bottom and side internal walls of channels 1 and 2 are blackened, the thickness and thermal insulation characteristics of which are set only under the conditions of minimizing the resulting heat losses. A greenhouse structure is created on one of these channels to ensure a temperature difference in the system of channels and outside for water evaporation and condensation, evaporation channel 1 of the greenhouse structure is equipped with a wall that absorbs solar radiation. The system of channels is covered with a shell with an inclined surface 5 of transparent, or translucent, or opaque material or their combination. The surface of the shell 5 can be made of a complex shape with a slope in at least one direction along the direction of at least the first or second order, i.e., the shell 5 is set on at least one side at an angle to the horizon other than zero (for example, 30 degrees) and is preferably oriented in the direction of the sun . Other inclined areas of the surface of the shell 5 (if available) provide directed concentrated solar energy. To reduce the loss of desalinated water, it is advisable to make part of the shell above the C channel opaque.

Forced supply of sea water into channels for holding sea water is carried out by means of forced injection, including tidal devices 9.

Desalination is carried out both with a uniform flow of sea water and with a cyclical change in the level of filling channel 2 with sea water, caused by regular or periodic forced supply of sea water into the interconnected system of channels, along the entire length of the channel system by overflowing condensate from channel 2 for supply sea water into the desalinated water channel along the inner surface of the inclined shell 5, which is cooled by external air. The shell is made of material intended for the food industry.

The size of its surface and the design parameters of the heliothermoconverting means are determined in such a way that the sun's rays in the greatest amount of energy maximally heat the technological functional zones of the channel system and at the same time ensure the minimization of heat losses, including their radiant components.

Solar radiation, penetrating inside the greenhouse structure 1, heats the flow of sea water, which evaporates as much as possible on its way until its complete evaporation.

Evaporation of water is carried out convectively, that is, under the influence of solar energy concentrated in any way, or with additional forced intensification of evaporation with the help of splitters, or turbulators, or sprinklers, or their combination - to increase the efficiency of evaporation, as well as with the help of additional heating from the bottom side , for example, by supplying heat to evaporation channel 1 or simultaneously to channels 1 and 2 using heat pipes, or heat radiation reflectors in the evaporation zone, or concentrators, or solar panel systems, or lens systems, or a combination thereof. In addition, the increase in evaporation efficiency adds a heat-absorbing coating of channels 1 and 2 with a large heat absorption coefficient, which creates an additional "greenhouse effect".

Intensification of evaporation and increase in the speed of salt crystallization is ensured by the organization of a complex cross-sectional shape of the channel to form different evaporation zones to preserve the uninterrupted functioning of the greenhouse structure. These zones are used both with a uniform flow of sea water and with a cyclical change in the channel filling level, allowing to maintain a more uniform formation of a regulated flow of fresh water. The formation of zones of intensification of evaporation and increase in the rate of salt crystallization is ensured by the organization of the complex shape of the cross-section of the channel.

Upon contact with the white cold surface of the shell 5, water vapor condenses and flows in drops into channel C for desalinated water. The temperature of the desalinated water in channel C is reduced due to equipping the body of channel C with a coating with a high coefficient of heat transfer and a deeper depth of the bottom of the channel for the simultaneous use of geothermal energy of the Earth (for better heat transfer, the walls are made mainly of metal).

Depending on the needs of the technological process, the method provides for the inclusion of one additional channel (or more - if necessary) for equidistant, including parallel transportation of several streams of desalinated water, or for equidistant, in pt.ch. parallel transport of several streams of seawater, including to regulate the concentration of brine, or to return concentrated brine back to the sea/ocean 8, or to divert concentrated brine to salt evaporation ponds for salt production, or to redirect seawater to enable channel cleaning from salt deposits, salt collection, salt transportation along the channel by mechanical devices, machines, harvesters, and engineering systems. At the same time, such additional channels can equidistantly, including to accompany the transport route of sea water in parallel, i.e. channel 2, only on its part.

The shape of channels (in the plan) of transportation-desalination in limited areas of the territory, without the need for distant transportation of fresh water, can be zigzag, spiral, or other complex shapes.

Thus, in the process of transportation to the mainland, seawater is desalinated, flowing as condensate from the channel with seawater into the water desalination channel along the entire length of the channel under the influence of integrated accumulated solar energy. Therefore, seawater desalination is carried out in the form of a continuous differential process during water transportation, and the entire area of the channel is used for desalination.

The method is carried out as follows.

A system of interconnected channels is pre-organized. Desalination occurs during transportation, that is, during the movement of the flow in seawater transportation channel 2, under the influence of solar radiation due to the temperature difference for the evaporation of seawater in the evaporation channel 1, which forms a greenhouse structure, and the constant collection of condensate in the process of its flow down the inclined surface shell 5 into the water desalination channel 3, where, due to the energy of the Earth, excess energy is extracted from the condensate 7. Desalination occurs along the entire length of the channel by the overflow of condensate from the salt seawater channel 2 into the desalinated water channel 3. Solar radiation is accumulated on wall 4, which has an active the black surface - the activator, and on the heat-absorbing coating of the channel (not shown in Fig. 1-4), affecting the increase in the temperature difference in the evaporation channel 1 and the external environment. In addition, an additional concentration of solar radiation is provided to enhance the evaporation effect. Filling channels 2 with sea water is carried out in various ways, for example, the water intake device can be made in the form of a jet, circulation, vacuum pump, high pressure pump, air ejector. When using an electric pump, a solar battery is used to power it.

The recommended method of supplying sea water to the desalination channels is tidal pumping stations to ensure the hydraulic pressure of sea water (Fig. 2).

The method is provided by the use of natural energy, in particular the energy of solar radiation in the process of transporting/delivering sea water to the continent, while simultaneously using the surface area of the channel with sea water for water evaporation, and the channel itself for transporting sea water, and in the process of such long-distance transportation, all the water or a large part of the water evaporates, and the condensate collected on the inclined shell flows into the equidistant freshwater transport channel. In addition,

The accumulated brine is also used as a solar energy battery.

Desalination is carried out directly in the system of interconnected transport channels in a dynamic differential mode, in particular, in the process of transporting seawater to the continent, it is simultaneously divided into distillate and brine, while seawater and brine constantly increase the temperature ingredient under the influence of insolation and energy intensification , which makes obtaining and transporting drinking water to users cheaper. At the same time, the cost of the distillate is significantly lower than its cost in modern installations ($0.4/m3), since the productivity of the method is determined not by the speed of seawater passing through the helium desalinator or by the creation of significant pressure drops, as in similar desalination methods, but by the area of the evaporation mirror with expanded moisture the surface and uses heat from repeatedly thickened areas with the help of convective heat transfer. Thus, the proposed method is the cheapest process of desalination, because when organizing the mentioned channel transportation of sea water in hot climatic conditions, then with such a design of a system of interconnected equidistant, incl. of parallel channels actually receive a "parasitic" process of desalination without energy expenditure. As a result, a flow of clean fresh water is obtained in the amount of 70-90% of the flow of pumped seawater, without the expenditure of electrical energy for hundreds of years of operation, and with sufficient sealing of the channel with desalinated water, it is possible to desalinize almost all transported seawater in an equidistant channel and collect seawater in parallel salt.

The use of this design will allow to reduce energy costs to solve the issue of drinking water shortage, ensure high productivity of the method and contribute to the economic development of the region. Condensation desalination provides a high degree of water desalination, which makes it possible to use it for irrigation without the threat of soil salinization.

Claims (5)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. Differential method of seawater desalination in canals using solar energy, which includes the organization of adjacent canals, one of which is intended for supplying seawater, and the other for desalinated water; equipping them with a controlled system of hydraulic means placed in the channels; creation of a greenhouse structure on one of the specified channels for water evaporation and condensation; creation of a desalinated water collection structure with a greenhouse (c; the structure is connected by an inclined shell, the base of which is immersed in another channel, forming the condensation of a cooled source of desalinated water; equipment of the channel, which is connected to the greenhouse structure, a wall that absorbs solar radiation; application of a channel for draining brine; the concentration of solar radiation in the greenhouse structure, which is distinguished by the fact that desalination is carried out directly in the system of interconnected equidistant transport channels in a dynamic-differential mode both with a uniform flow of seawater and with a cyclical change in the level of filling the channel with seawater along the entire length of the interconnections of the system of equidistant channels by flowing condensate from the channel for the supply of sea water to the desalinated water channel along the inner surface of the inclined shell, while providing for the inclusion of at least one additional channel for the equidistant transportation of several streams of desalinated water or for the equidistant transportation of several streams of seawater, including including to regulate the concentration of brine, or to return concentrated brine back to the source of seawater, or to divert concentrated brine to salt evaporation ponds for salt production, or to redirect seawater to provide mo the difficulty of cleaning the canal from salt deposits, collecting salt, transporting salt along the canal with mechanical devices, machines, harvesters, and engineering systems; in addition, the method involves the regular or periodic forced supply of seawater into channels to retain seawater while maintaining the uninterrupted functioning of the greenhouse structure; provides for the organization of a greenhouse structure with the possibility of intensification of evaporation; execution of the sloping shell of the greenhouse structure from transparent, translucent, or opaque materials, or their combination; organization of the surface of the inclined shell of the greenhouse structure with a slope in at least one direction along the guide of at least the first or second order; while maintaining the uniformity of the desalinated water flow by forming zones of evaporation intensification and increasing the rate of salt crystallization; forming a greenhouse structure and channels with seawater with a heat-absorbing coating with a high heat absorption coefficient, and a channel with desalinated water with a coating of 3 with a high heat transfer coefficient; with the possibility of carrying out the configuration of transportation-desalination channels in limited areas of the territories of a complex shape, different from a straight line, or mainly zigzag or spiral, or a combined shape; forced supply of seawater into channels for holding seawater is carried out by means of forced injection, including tidal devices or systems, or their combination. 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the inclined surface of the shell is made with a rectilinear slope in one direction or a rectilinear slope in two directions, or the inclined surface of the shell is made polyhedral or toroidal. 3. The method according to any of claims 1-2, which is characterized by the fact that the intensification of evaporation in the channel with sea water or brine is heated by additional solar energy collection planes with heat supply to the channel using heat pipes or concentrators, or solar battery systems, or lens systems, or their combination. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that the intensification of evaporation in the channel with sea water or brine is provided by cutters or turbulators, or sprinklers, or their combination to increase the efficiency of evaporation. 5. 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