UA106441C2 - Method and device for diagnosing state of track - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to methods for non-contact monitoring and diagnostics of railway tracks. A method of diagnosing state of a track consists in that identification and analysis of defects in working surfaces of rail heads is performed by means of the wavelet analysis of dynamics of changes of two-dimensional Fourier transforms of profilograms of rail heads. At the same time the analysis of changes in the width of track is carried out by evaluating changes in the distances between the profilograms and analysis of data from accelerometers and gyroscopes. Identified defects are synchronized with data of a satellite navigation system and stored in a computer memory. A device implementing the proposed method comprises two laser meters with sources of coherent radiation secured at a fixed distance above each of the rails, a satellite navigation system, accelerometers and a gyroscope, whose data are transmitted to a computer. Each laser meter further comprises a flat beam former, an optical coherent processor coupled to the high speed optical detector array, and a CCD array with a focusing optical system. The method and device allow to increase the reliability and accuracy of diagnosis of the track in a continuous mode, and predict the state of the track on the basis of accumulated data.

Description

The invention belongs to the methods of non-contact diagnostics of the state of the track and can be used in complex diagnostics of the tracks.

The well-known non-contact "Method of monitoring the condition of the rail track" (VO 2394714 C1, Bul.

Mo20, 20.07.2010), which consists in the fact that the measurement of the width of the track is performed using optical sensors installed on the odometer car, while the step between the measurements is at least 25 cm, which is a disadvantage, since rail defects are not detected, which are smaller than 25 cm.

It is also known as "Mobile complex for railway track diagnostics" (VO 2442713

SI, Bull. Ме5 от 20.02.2012), which contains a self-propelled vehicle with two tractors, on which are mounted: an optical gauge of width with laser illumination of the track and a device for measuring the parameters of the path profile.

The disadvantages of this complex are that it has a limited speed of movement and, as a result, diagnostics of the path, as well as the impossibility of flaw detection of the working surface of the rail heads.

The closest in terms of the technical idea and the result achieved is the "Method of controlling the transverse profile and the distance between the rails of the railway track and the gauge car" (patent VO 2418705 C1, published on 20.05.2011 Bul. Moe14), in which defects in the profile of the rail heads are detected and the distance between the rails is performed by scanning the rail heads with laser sensors placed at a fixed distance on the odometer car, the data, together with the location data received from the satellite navigation system, are recorded to the computer. This method and device is adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the impossibility of reliably detecting profile defects smaller than 1 meter, which is incompatible with the increased speed of modern trains; the use of mechanical scanning with a laser beam unnecessarily complicates the design when solving issues of synchronization and measurement speed; the use of a special odometer car complicates and increases the cost of the defect inspection task.

The task of creating the invention is to simplify and reduce the cost of the design of the defect meter, detect rail defects without gaps, universality: installation on any track

From the vehicle, constant monitoring of the track with data accumulation and prediction of the condition of the track.

The technical result of the invention consists in the use of the coherence properties of laser radiation, which allows to increase the reliability and accuracy of diagnostics of the state of the track in continuous mode and does not depend on the speed of movement.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the detection and analysis of defects on the working surfaces of the rails is carried out by means of wavelet analysis of the dynamics of changes in two-dimensional Fourier images of the rail head profilograms, and the distance between the rails is calculated from the image of their profilograms, the angular inclination of the track path is measured by gyroscopes, the rail fastenings are controlled according to accelerometer data, the condition of the track is predicted based on the accumulated data.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the rails are illuminated by a flat beam, the Fourier image of the profilogram is obtained in an optical coherent processor, the processing results are recorded by a high-speed matrix optical receiver, the distance between the rails is calculated from the images of the profilograms, which are recorded by devices with a charging connection ( P33-matrices) with focusing optical systems, measuring the angle of inclination of the track path is performed according to the data of gyroscopes, the cost of the device is reduced due to the absence of mechanical units and special track gauge cars. The design of the device provides for the possibility of installing the meter on any track vehicle.

In Fig. 1 shows the diagram of the track condition diagnostics device.

In Fig. 2 shows the scheme of the laser meter.

In Fig. 3 shows an example of a profilogram of a defect-free rail surface and its Fourier image.

In Fig. 4 shows an example of a profilogram with the lateral operation of the rail head and its side

Fourier image.

In Fig. 5 shows an example of the profile profile of a rail with a hole on the contact surface and its

Fourier image.

In Fig. 6 shows the wavelet analysis of the dynamics of changes in the Fourier images of the profilogram of the defect-free section of the rail.

In Fig. 7 shows the wavelet analysis, where the high-frequency components are in sections: a) 100 m; b) 370 m; c) 500 m; d) 1000 m, indicate the coordinates of the rail surface defects.

The track condition diagnostic device contains two laser meters 1, one above each of the rails 4, which register images of profilograms and their Fourier images, accelerometers 2, gyroscopes and a satellite navigation system 3, data from all components of the device are transferred to a computer.

The laser meter 1 contains a source of coherent radiation 5, a flat beam former b, which forms a band of coherent radiation 10 across the head of the rail 13.

The radiation reflected by the rail is a profilogram 12 of the illuminated area, which enters the input of the optical coherent processor 8. The Fourier image of the profilogram 12 is registered by the matrix high-speed optical receiver 7, and the image of the profilogram 12 is simultaneously captured by the focusing optical system 11 and the CCD matrix 9.

The design of the device is intended for installation on any rail vehicle. The angles between the working planes of the rail heads, the optical axes of the illuminators and the matrix photoreceptors are chosen to achieve maximum sensitivity. At the same time, the control process is carried out in a continuous mode under the real force impact of a real vehicle.

The method of diagnosing the state of the track is carried out as follows.

A narrow strip of light is formed on the contact surface across the head of the rail 13 by the coherent radiation of the laser emitter 5 with the help of the shaper 6, while the profilogram 12 is formed, which repeats the shape of the real surface of the head of the rail 13.

The image of the rail profile 12 is processed using the optical coherent processor 8, the matrix high-speed optical receiver 7 and the Fourier image of the profile 12 is registered. The resolution and number of registered frames per second of the matrix high-speed optical receiver 7 depends on the required accuracy and the tasks. Each pixel registers the average value of a section of the two-dimensional Fourier image of the profile line 12. When the meter is moved relative to the rail 13, the Fourier image will change in accordance with the changes in the shape of the profile 12. Changes in the value of each pixel over time are recorded in the computer as separate channels, then a wavelet analysis of one or a group of channels is performed, as a result of which defects on the surface of the rails are recognized and their classification by type is carried out. The distance between the rails is measured by the images of the profilograms from each of the rails, which are focused optically

With systems 11 on PZZ matrices 9. The angular inclination of the track path 4 is measured by gyroscopes 3.

The reliability of rail fastening is controlled by accelerometer data 2.

The use of the invention will allow: 1. To implement continuous (without gaps) monitoring of the profile of the tracks at high speeds of movement of the meter, with the accumulation of data and prediction of the state of the track. 2. To reduce the cost of track monitoring due to the absence of mechanical units and special odometer cars. 3. The design provides for the possibility of installing the meter on any track vehicle.

Claims (5)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. The method of diagnosing the state of the track, which consists in the fact that the heads of the rails are illuminated with coherent light, the changes in the profile of the rails are evaluated and the data is recorded in an electronic computer (EC) with reference to the terrain coordinates obtained from the satellite navigation system, which differs in that a flat beam is directed across the direction of the head of each rail and a profilogram is formed, which repeats the shape of the real surface of the rail head, the profilogram is formed each time when the diagnostic device is moved relative to the rails, the images of the profilograms of the rails are processed using an optical coherent processor, the obtained Fourier- the images of the profiles are recorded by a high-speed matrix optical receiver, recorded in the computer memory, and a wavelet analysis of the Fourier images recorded in the computer memory is performed, based on the results of which defects on the surface of the rails are recognized, in addition, the images of the profiles of each rail are recorded by devices with a charging connection (PZZ-matrices) and calculate the distance between r rails, and rail fastening is controlled by analyzing data from accelerometers. 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the angular inclination of the track path is measured by gyroscopes. 3. A track condition diagnostic device containing two laser meters with sources of coherent radiation, fixed at a fixed distance, one above each of the rails, because the satellite navigation system and accelerometers, the data from which are sent to the computer, which differs in that each laser the meter additionally contains a flat beam former, an optical coherent processor connected to a high-speed matrix optical receiver, and a CCD matrix with a focusing optical system. 4. The device according to claim 3, which is characterized by the fact that it additionally contains gyroscopes. 1 2 3 2 and -yu nn o ; in | ke m I. x i she E. skh in I sub ane vation PEK TIKH Fig. 1 mine E. x Bl r yad / SHA Z ХА | ю/х и Э х Я у х / 12 13 гне ШЭ Че Ки ч ; y I s sht S KU Ettttttttttt I non oer cocoons UPAK Uh U. Fig. 2 - p. Fig. WITH Fig. 5 Fig: in s p u . " in vva pava v Fig. 7