UA105602C2 - Method pulse hydrotreating - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention can be used in chemical industry. Disclosed is a hydrotreating method, according to which a jet of water is directed onto a surface using a hydraulic gun controlled by the operator, while the jet of water after the hydraulic gun with water flow of 0.6-2.6 kg/s is passed through a cavitation generator of Venturi tube type with an expansion angle of a diffuser of 20-30° forming at the outlet of a cavitation generator a pulse flow with pulse repetition frequency of 1000-3000 Hz, pulse pressure of 15-40 MPa, said pulse flow is used for hydrotreating. Technical result consists in increase of cleaning efficiency (quality of treated surface) and increase of reliability of protection of metal containers (tanks) against corrosion; increase of output when cleaning the old linings and applying new linings. It is achieved also increase of purity of corrosive substance in the tank and lifetime of the tank; reduction of labor content of repair works of the tanks for storage of aggressive substances, reduction of production costs.

Description

The invention belongs to the chemical industry and can be used for cleaning lined surfaces of containers intended for storage of aggressive media.

In the chemical industry, various metal containers are used to store aggressive media, such as tanks, the inner surface of which is lined with a special protective lining. Of course, this is a rubber lining. In the process of operation, as a result of mechanical deformations during movement, as well as under the influence of an aggressive environment, the lined surface is gradually destroyed, which leads to the flow of various chemical reactions, and causes corrosive destruction of the metal shell of the tank.

In this regard, at repair plants, periodic cleaning of the inner surface of the tank from the remains of lining, rust, fouling and old paint is carried out in order to apply new anti-corrosion coatings. The cleaning operation is very important and time-consuming, and accounts for about 30-95% of the total amount of repair work. Depending on the operating conditions, the type of anti-corrosion coating, the quality of its application, etc., the frequency of such works varies from six months to three years. The existing practice of lining, as one of the methods of corrosion control, often fails to achieve its goal due to unsatisfactory surface preparation.

It has been established that a lining, even if not of high quality, applied to a well-prepared surface, protects the metal from corrosion much better than the best one applied to a poorly cleaned surface. Therefore, it is quite desirable that the entire surface of the tank should be qualitatively prepared - cleaned. The purity of the aggressive substance stored in the container and the service life of the container, as well as the labor intensity of the work and the cost of production as a whole, depend on the efficiency of the cleaning operation.

Currently, there are many methods of cleaning surfaces, not all of which are suitable for use in the chemical industry.

The state of the surfaces that require cleaning can be within wide limits. Different metal surfaces can have a different state of cleanliness. International standard ISO 8504 provides guidance on methods of cleaning steel surfaces, indicating the capabilities of each method in achieving certain levels of surface cleanliness.

Let's list the main methods (V.G. Parsadanov. Mechanical methods of cleaning metal surfaces. Access mode: pEr://mmly.Koopi-ipa.gy/viai/tepapispevkl/.

From 1. Cleaning with a hand tool.

It can be used as a preliminary cleaning for the purpose of removing dirt that is relatively easy to remove, before using mechanized tools, it differs in insufficient efficiency and labor productivity. 2. Cleaning with a mechanized tool (without using jet-abrasive cleaning).

These can be rotating brushes, machines with abrasive skins, abrasive grinding wheels, cleaning hammers with a drive, etc. Despite the higher efficiency, compared to manual cleaning, the main disadvantages that limit the application are the following: the surface is not completely cleaned of corrosion products; the surface may be deformed or become polished; the surface is contaminated with oil from the tool; many areas of the surface are inaccessible to such tools. 3. Abrasive jet cleaning.

Includes: - dry abrasive jet cleaning (blasting), when abrasive particles are directed to the surface with a powerful jet using centrifugal force, compressed air or ejection, while a small amount of water is allowed to be supplied to remove dust; a vacuum can be used to collect spent abrasive and dirt; - abrasive jet cleaning with moisture injection or wet jet cleaning, when a certain amount of water is added to the stream of compressed air with an abrasive, and the water not only removes dust, but is itself a cleaning agent.

To implement these methods, various blast-jet machines are used, supplied with compressed air at a pressure of 0.5-1.0 MPa from compressors, and sometimes equipped with special nozzles for suction of dust and abrasive particles that are reused. Shotgun installations are used for remote or automatic control in special chambers. They use a blast room (or chamber) - a strong structure made of profiles and a steel sheet, inside which cleaning is carried out, and which is equipped with devices for supplying and dispersing abrasive, collecting and capturing dust, cleaning the air from dust, etc. At the same time, abrasive material collection and transportation systems can be used, with the help of which the spent abrasive material is collected and transported to the hopper 60 or separator, from which the cleaned abrasive is again fed to the shot blasting machine or shot blasting plant. There are the following abrasive collection systems: scraper floor, belt conveyor, auger, vacuum collection.

These methods are quite effective, but their disadvantage is that they are not environmentally friendly - a large amount of dust, or, if an abrasive collection system is used - in the complexity of the equipment. In addition, the jet with an abrasive causes disturbances in the structure of the metal surface, which negatively affects the service life of containers, for example, tanks. 4. Suspension jet cleaning.

Includes: - jet cleaning with a liquid under pressure, when an abrasive or a mixture of abrasives is introduced into a flow of liquid (of course, water), and directs such a flow to the surface. Cleaning is achieved due to the action of the kinetic energy of the jet on the surface, and the jet of liquid allows you to remove pollution and deposits of almost any physical nature and chemical composition from the surface: rust, grease, paint coatings, bitumen, resins, soot, scale, etc.

The introduction of abrasive into the jet allows you to remove the surface layers of the metal. Hydro cleaning (fluid jet cleaning) under low pressure (up to 35 MPa) allows you to remove only salts, dirt, peeling paint, so it can be characterized as a preliminary washing of the surface. Hydro-cleaning under medium pressure (35-70 MPa) allows you to remove paint, rust, loosely held dirt, but black iron oxide (magnetite) is not removed, and a uniform surface condition is not achieved. Hydro-cleaning under low pressure (0.6-0.8 MPa) with the use of an abrasive is quite effective, so that only glimpses of rust remain on the surface. However, its disadvantage is that the abrasive jet causes disturbances in the surface metal structure, the negative impact of which was already mentioned above. (Water impulse jet cleaning under low or medium pressure has not yet been sufficiently investigated). - high-pressure water jet cleaning (70-170 MPa), which is distinguished by the high pressure of the supplied liquid; - ultra-high pressure water jet cleaning (over 170 MPa), which increases the jet pressure.

The last two methods are also called hydrojetting and hydrojetting under ultra-high pressure.

The choice of method - water pressure - depends on the type of impurities to be removed. Hydrojetting

ZO (high-pressure water jet cleaning) removes most paint and corrosion products, but magnetites (black oxides) and stubborn corrosion products may still remain, which are removed with excessive force. Hydrojetting under ultra-high pressure (water jet cleaning of ultra-high pressure) is used to completely remove all contamination and corrosion products, but there are glimpses of rust on the surface.

High and ultra-high pressure devices of the best manufacturers are highly efficient, environmentally friendly and energy-saving equipment equipped with high or ultra-high pressure pumps. These can be stationary and mobile devices, the main parameters of which are: the maximum working water pressure and the water flow rate at the outlet of the high (ultra-high) pressure tract at the maximum water pressure.

The effect of the water jet on the surface can be divided into: hydraulic (homogeneous water jet of one form or another); hydrodynamic (dynamic impacts of a jet of water on the surface, for example due to the movement of nozzles with a jet, or other methods) and hydroabrasive (mixed jet of water and abrasive). Cleaning the metal surface with a high and ultra-high pressure water jet does not cause any damage to the metal structure, if no abrasive is used. But the cost of carrying out cleaning works will greatly depend on the cost of high and ultra-high pressure equipment, on the manufacturers of this equipment. 5. Cryogenic blasting.

One of the modern cleaning methods is cryogenic blasting (cleaning with dry ice).

Treatment with dry ice granules is an effective way of cleaning surfaces from contamination using a high-speed jet of dry ice granules. Since dry ice granules have a much lower temperature (minus 79 "C) compared to the surface, a sharp decrease in the temperature of the surface layer occurs - the effect of "thermal shock", in which pollutants cooled to a brittle state easily peel off from the surface due to the difference in their coefficients of linear expansion. At the same time, upon contact with the surface, a huge amount of heat is supplied to the granules, as a result of which the solid particles of dry ice instantly turn into a gaseous state, expanding hundreds of times. The gas that was formed partially penetrates the space between the surface and the contaminants , peels dirt from the surface under pressure.In addition, dirt is removed from the collisions of dry ice granules with the surface.

Advantages: the specified method significantly reduces the humidity of the process and reduces the risk of rust formation; the powerful effect of the flow of dry ice granules ensures highly effective cleaning of the surface of even soft materials without damaging them. Disadvantage: unfortunately, the equipment for implementing the cryogenic blasting method - an installation that includes a granulator (pelletizer) and an extruder - is rare and expensive. Therefore, in this context, we will not consider the specified cleaning method.

So, among the industrial methods, the most promising are: water jet cleaning with hydraulic and hydrodynamic effects. These methods are quite effective, ecological and do not disturb the structure of the surface metal.

There is a known method of cleaning the inner surface of pipelines from contamination, according to which shock waves are generated in the immediate vicinity of the entrance to the pipeline in the working fluid that fills the pipeline being cleaned, shock waves are generated by a sharp supply under higher pressure of pulses of compressed air in the hydraulic unit, through which they fill pipeline with working fluid and discharge of impurities | Patent Mo 2179082 of the Russian Federation. IPC VO889/04,

VO889/032. The method of cleaning the inner surface of contaminated pipelines and the device for its implementation. Gunner Yevgeny Yuryevich. Applicant: IKS-STAR (5).

Application No. 99110613/12 dated 05.13.1999. Publ. 10.02.2002.

The analog method is effective for pipelines, sections of water pipes and sewers, but is not convenient for larger containers, for example, for tanks. In this case, a large consumption of water to fill the entire volume of the tank with it is inevitable.

As a prototype, we took a method of hydrocleaning, according to which a stream of water is directed to the surface under pressure (See "Suspension jet cleaning. Jet cleaning with liquid under pressure" in the article by V.G. Parsadanov "Mechanical methods of cleaning metal surfaces". Access mode: /Llymly.Koiopi-ipa.ki/siai/tepapisne5K/. As equipment, a water gun controlled by the operator is used. Due to the direct impact of the water jet, the polluting film or coating is cut, and due to the reflected impact, the film or coating is peeled off and torn off. However, if the coating is a plastic material, the direct shock is damped and the reflected shock is attenuated. In addition, plastic materials are less likely to tear. For these reasons, the prototype method is not effective enough to clean the rubber lining. In addition, since the cleaning is performed by the operator with a water gun, he is forced to frequently to be interrupted for rest, because the water pistol from the water st blush, a greater recoil force (reactive force) acts, which causes rapid fatigue of the operator. The greater the jet pressure and the greater the water consumption, the greater the jet force. Reducing the pressure of the jet allows you to eliminate downtime for the operator, but sharply reduces the efficiency of cleaning, and reducing the flow of water greatly reduces the productivity of the cleaning process. Exclusion of the operator and full mechanization of the process of cleaning the insides of tanks at this stage appears problematic.

Before us is a technical contradiction: a rather large flow of water and a high pressure of the jet could ensure high efficiency and high productivity of cleaning, but the physical capabilities of the operator do not allow this; reducing the pressure of the jet while maintaining a large flow of water allows you to increase productivity by eliminating downtime for the operator to rest, but sharply reduces the cleaning efficiency (the quality of the cleaned surface); reducing the flow of water while maintaining the pressure greatly reduces the productivity of the cleaning process.

This technical contradiction can be eliminated in the following way - by creating a pulsating jet with a hydrodynamic effect on the surface. This will allow to obtain a high degree of cleaning without increasing the pressure.

We solved the problem of improving the method of hydrocleaning of surfaces due to the use of the hydrodynamic nature of the effect on the surface, namely, the effect of the hydroimpulse modes of the liquid jet.

The task was solved by the fact that in the method of hydrocleaning, according to which a jet of water is directed to the surface using a hydraulic gun controlled by an operator, according to the invention, a jet of water after the hydraulic gun with a water flow rate of 0.2-0.35 kg/s is passed through a cavitation generator type of venturi tube with a diffuser solution angle of 20-30", forming a pulse jet at the output of the cavitation generator with a frequency of pulses of 1000-3000 Hz, the value of pressure in the pulse 15-40 MPa, the pulse jet is used for hydro-cleaning.

Experience shows that jets with a hydrodynamic effect, including pulsed jets, are more effective than stationary jets. The essence of the impulse effect consists in the use of liquid pressure acting for a short period of time. because the short-term effect of liquid pressure generates an alternating stress in an elastic medium, which,

spreading in the form of waves, ensures the formation of a system of branched microcracks on the boundary of the surface and its coating. As a result, the conditions for removing dirt, old coatings and rust are provided. The disturbance applied to a certain area of the surface is transmitted due to the elastic properties of the medium to other areas in the form of wave motion (compression-expansion). As the density of the medium increases, so does the speed of propagation of waves in it. Therefore, a shock wave with a steep front will be formed at the boundary of the change in the environment parameters - between the surface of the tank and its lining - the nature of which determines the changes in stress and deformations. At stresses exceeding the elastic limit, residual deformations occur, the magnitude of which depends on the initial state of the medium, the relaxation time, and the period of natural oscillations of the links that make it up. Residual deformations lead to the formation of microcracks.

Part of the energy is spent on destroying the coating being cleaned and overcoming the frictional forces between the particles. The liquid that fills the cracks serves as a conductor of shock waves.

Our studies of impulse impact on various materials show that the effectiveness of impulse impact is related to the intensification of the development of inclined shear cracks at the boundary of the change in environmental parameters, in this case - between the surface of the tank and its lining, as well as in the lining itself. The spectrum of the angle of inclination of shear cracks expands with an increase in the amplitude and frequency of passage of pressure pulses, which contributes to a significant intensification of the destruction of the coating (lining).

The venturi tube type cavitation generator of a special geometry is an effective and simple device without moving parts that does not require additional energy sources, which provides the generation of pulses in the liquid with high frequencies of passage and pressures unattainable by other known means. The venturi tube is well known in applied science and technology. The Venturi tube of special geometry differs only in the greater angle of solution of the diffuser VD (which is usually in the range of 6-87), in our case - 20-30". The liquid is injected into the cavitation generator under the injection pressure Ro using a water gun controlled by the operator. On the water gun fixed venturi tube (of special geometry). Liquid cavitation occurs in the venturi tube in a narrow zone where the pressure drops and cavitation caverns form. As the caverns with the fluid flow out of the narrow zone and the fluid pressure increases, the cavitation caverns collapse. This creates pressure pulsation in the liquid and forms at the exit from the Venturi tube

From a pulsed jet. If the venturi tube has a solution angle of diffuser B in the range of 20-30", then the process of formation and slamming of caverns becomes stable, the periodical-disruptive cavitation regime is ensured, when caverns are formed, then break away from the walls of the narrow zone of the venturi tube, and then slam shut at some distance Exceeding the specified limits of the angle of the diffuser solution leads to an unstable mode of cavitation and a sharp decrease in the efficiency of the cavitation generator.

In the stable mode of intermittent-disruptive cavitation, the parameters of the pulsed jet are set by the parameters of the cavitation generator, which will be discussed in more detail below.

The value of the pressure in the pulse should not be below 15 MPa, and the frequency of the passage of pulses should not be below 1000 Hz, otherwise the cleaning efficiency will decrease sharply. The value of the pressure in the pulse should not be higher than 40 MPa, and the frequency of pulses should not be higher than 3000 Hz, otherwise the processes of cavitation destruction of the generator itself will be strongly activated (and the service life of the Venturi tube will be sharply reduced). Water consumption should not be lower than 0.2 kg/s, otherwise the productivity of the cleaning process is greatly reduced. The consumption of water should not be higher than 0.35 kg/s, otherwise the rapid fatigue of the operator occurs due to the reactive force (recoil force).

The specified parameters are selected empirically and are closely interdependent.

The proposed technical solution can be used in the chemical industry for cleaning lined surfaces of containers intended for storage of aggressive media. In particular, the proposed method can be used to clean the rubber lining of metal tanks in which aggressive liquids (acids, alkalis, etc.) are stored or transported.

In Fig. 1 schematically shows the installation for the implementation of the proposed pulse hydrocleaning method, and Fig. 2 diagram of the cavitation generator. In Fig. From the given fragment of the oscillogram recording of liquid pressure over time at the exit from the cavitation generator in its stable mode of operation. In Fig. 4a and 46 show experimental dependences of the range and frequency of pressure fluctuations (pulse passage frequency) at the output of the cavitation generator on the cavitation parameter, established during its bench tests. In Fig. 5a and 56 present photographs of sections of the cleaned surface obtained during tests in industrial conditions with stationary and pulsating jets.

Let us describe fig. 1. A discharge pipeline 2 is attached to the water gun 1, which supplies liquid to the cavitation generator 3, from which the liquid enters the output pipeline 4. The direction of the pulse jet is set by the nozzle 5, fixed at the end of the output pipeline 4. We will describe

Fig. 2, which shows the schematic diagram of the venturi tube 2 (cavitation generator) with the injection pipeline 1 and the outlet pipeline 3. Studies of the hydrodynamic characteristics of such a flow have established that when a liquid is supplied to the entrance of the critical section of the venturi tube under injection pressure Po with a speed of mo in the diffuser a sharp drop in pressure and an increase in the speed of movement and a mechanical break in the continuity of the liquid with the formation of a cavern.

A distinctive feature of the cavitation flow is the stability of the separation frequency of the cavitation cavity located in the diffuser 4 and its closing 5 in the zone of increased pressure (back pressure) Ri. At the same time, pressure pulses DRi exceeding the injection pressure Po are implemented, with frequencies of their passage lying in the sound range.

A fragment of the oscillogram recording the liquid pressure over time at the outlet of the venturi tube, shown on

Fig. 3, demonstrates the stable mode of operation of the cavitation generator. Powerful pressure pulses appear with good periodicity, and the pressure value in the pulse is practically stable and is of the order of 15 MPa. The oscillogram corresponds to the case when injection pressure Po equals 10 MPa, and d equals 2 mm. In the case of an unstable mode of operation of the Venturi tube, we would observe a chaotic order of passage of pressure pulses and pressure instability in the pulse.

We will describe the choice of geometric parameters of the cavitation generator: the diameter of the critical cross-section dkr, is calculated according to the parameters of the pumping unit (injection pressure and liquid flow rate); the opening angle of the diffuser B (within 20-30"), the diameter of the post-diffuser channel (outlet pipeline) 0 and its length Er - are determined empirically according to the criterion of realizing the maximum levels of pressure pulses behind the generator.

The mode parameters of the cavitation generator, which are expressed in the so-called cavitation parameter t, determine the flow of liquid with periodic and disruptive cavitation with a sufficient level of pressure pulsation values at the output of the cavitation generator in the required frequency range of their passage, which is shown in Fig. 3. By definition, the parameter t, as a criterion for the dynamic similarity of the cavitation flow of a liquid, is the ratio of the support pressure Pi, under the action of which the cavern is closed, to the injection pressure Po, which determines the high-speed pressure, under

By the action of which the cavern arises and grows, that is, t-R/Ro. In this case, through the cross-section of the nozzle, setting t in the range of 0.07-0.15, we achieve the maximum value of the pressure value in the pulse, and the range of pressure AR; approximately equal to 1.2-1.8 of the injection pressure Po, and the pulse frequency is 1000-3000 Hz. In Fig. 4a shows the value of the pressure value in the pulse for three values of injection pressure Po and water consumption Si: 1-10 MPa, 0.2 kg/s; 2-20 MPa, 0.29 kg/s; 3-30 MPa, 0.35 kg/s, respectively. In addition, as can be seen from Fig. 4b, for a given cavitation parameter t in the range of 0.07-0.15, the pulse passage frequency is provided within the required range of 1000-3000 Hz.

Let us describe fig. 5a and 56, where photographs of areas of the surface of the tank, cleaned of rubber lining from a distance of 300 mm, by stationary and pulsed jets, respectively, are presented. In the first case, a cleaning performance of 3.0 m/h was achieved. and the quality of cleaning according to the Zag class (IBO 8501), while the injection pressure and water consumption were Ро-40 MPa, (3-0.41 kg/s. In the second case at Ро-30 MPa, 2-0.35 kg/ with a cleaning performance of 3.5 m/h and a cleaning quality according to the BAZ class (I5O 8501) was achieved. This means that the stationary jet does not completely remove the remains of the rubber lining (see Fig. 5a), while the pulsed jet cleans to clean metal surface of the tank (see Fig. 56). After the stationary jet, additional mechanical cleaning with special brushes is still required, otherwise the new coating (rubber lining) will be short-lived. After the pulsed jet, a new lining can be applied.

We will describe the application of the proposed method of pulse hydrocleaning of the lined surface of the tank in industrial conditions. As a device that provides liquid pressure, we have taken the "POSEIDON-50/27" manual hydrocleaning device, the developer and owner of which are those "Dniprovski Zavody" (TPHx "Dniprovski Zavody", Ukraine: pErulymly.teaiaiIky/oPetv/118243.pit ; per/byavigoi.oga.pa/sotrapm/poiv/12513.pPIti; pErulymly Or. Le. pa/5rgauKa/? tode-ipiovii-16265). The installation includes a high-pressure plunger pump connected by a high-pressure hose to a "UMOMA" hydraulic nozzle gun.

The "MUMOMA" water pistol contains a handle-holder with a shut-off valve and a fuse for its opening. An outlet pipeline with a nozzle installed at the end is screwed into the handle. Instead of the outlet pipeline, we installed a pressure pipeline and a venturi tube-type cavitation generator in the water gun, with an outlet pipeline ending in a nozzle (see Fig. 1). Control of injection pressure Ro was carried out by a manometer of technical class 0.6, which is included in the system of regulating the mode parameters of the installation. In the process of cleaning, the necessary pressure in the pulse is already provided by the geometric parameters of the Venturi tube and the nozzle, as well as the value of the injection pressure Po, which has been repeatedly checked during laboratory tests. Injection pressure Ro and water flow rate are set by the manual hydrocleaning unit, which allows to ensure liquid pressure up to 50 MPa and water flow rate up to 0.45 kg/s at the outlet. In the process of operation of the installation and pumping under a pressure of 10-30 MPa of technical water through a hydraulic gun and a Venturi tube, a pulsed jet of liquid is formed with the parameters of the pulse pressure and the frequency of their passage and water flow specified in the claims of the invention.

The operator penetrates through the technological slot into the inner cavity of the tank and cleans the surface of the tank from the rubber lining. Waste water is removed from the tank through the drain pipe.

Example 1. The surface of the tank was cleaned from rubber lining using the POSEIDON-50/27 manual hydrocleaning unit and the MOMA water gun with a stationary jet of liquid under a discharge pressure of 40 MPa with a water consumption of C-0.41 kg/s, cleaning performance 3.0 m/h. The cleaning quality corresponded to class 5A2 (IBO 8501).

Example 2. Cleaning of the surface of the tank from rubber lining was carried out with the help of a POSEIDON-50/27 manual water cleaning unit and a MOMA water gun with a Venturi tube-type cavitation generator (generator parameters: dkr-1.4 mm, B-20"7 , 0-10 mm, br-200 mm, 10.09) by a pulse jet of liquid. The injection pressure Ro was equal to 30 MPa, the pressure in the pulse was up to 38 MPa, the pulse frequency was 2100 Hz, the water consumption (-0.35 kg/s , cleaning productivity of 3.5 m/h. The quality of cleaning corresponded to class 5AZ (IBO 8501).

The examples confirm the achievement of the required technical result - an increase in the degree of cleaning and its productivity by 1.17 times, with a decrease in specific energy consumption by approximately 1.5 times due to a decrease in injection pressure and water consumption with hydropulse effect in comparison with cleaning with a stationary jet.

Claims (1)

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